完形词汇（专项训练）（解析版）

完形词汇（专项训练）目录完形核心必记词汇清单一、动词（重中之重）完形填空中动词选项最多，常考查及物/不及物、动作精准性、与主语/宾语的搭配。1.高频“小词”多义：break:打破；中断（breakthesilence）；休息（takeabreak）；破晓（daybreaks）hold:握住；容纳；举行；持有（观点）；阻止（holdback）reach:到达；伸手去拿；达成（协议）；联系上（reachsb.）draw:画；拉；吸引（drawattention）；提取（drawmoney）；得出（drawaconclusion）catch:抓住；赶上；染上（疾病）；理解；引起（注意）cover:覆盖；涵盖；走过（距离）；报道；支付（费用）count:数数；重要（count=matter）；计算在内serve:服务；服役；端上（饭菜）；起作用（serveas）raise:举起；提高；筹集；养育（raisechildren）rise:上升（不及物，太阳、价格升起）2.关键动作与心理动词：承认：admit,acknowledge,confess影响：affect(v.),influence(v./n.)改变：alter（小改）,change,transform（彻底转变）宣布/声称：announce,declare,claim欣赏/感激：appreciate,cherish,value避免：avoid,escape比较/对比：compare(with/to),contrast(with)考虑：consider,ponder,reflecton贡献：contributeto,dedicateto,devoteto鼓励/激励：encourage,inspire,motivate体验/经历：experience,undergo,gothrough失败/放弃：fail,quit,giveup忽视/忽略：ignore（主观不理）,neglect（疏于照管）,overlook（无意忽略）坚持：insiston,persistin,stickto,adhereto观察/注意到：observe,notice,spot,witness克服：overcome,conquer说服：persuade,convince呈现/代表：present,represent,standfor追求/寻求：pursue,seek,chase反映：reflect,mirror拒绝：refuse,decline,reject（更强硬）记住：remember,recall,memorize忍受：stand,bear,tolerate,putupwith怀疑：suspect,doubt（doubt在肯定句中接whether/if，否定句中接that）理解：understand,comprehend,figureout二、名词（语境与搭配）考查名词与动词的动宾搭配、形容词的修饰关系。1.抽象高频名词：能力：ability,capability,competence途径/通道：access,approach成就：achievement,accomplishment态度：attitude,mindset机会：opportunity,chance挑战：challenge,difficulty特征：characteristic,feature,trait环境：environment,surroundings,atmosphere证据：evidence,proof目标：goal,aim,objective,purpose习惯：habit,custom,routine印象：impression,perception动力/动机：motivation,drive,incentive困境：predicament,dilemma,trouble进步：progress,advancement反应：reaction,response责任：responsibility,duty,obligation场景：scene,scenario,setting技能：skill,technique解决：solution,settlement压力：stress,pressure支持：support,assistance,aid趋势：trend,tendency2.具体名词（常考）：表情/神情：expression,look声音：voice,sound,noise眼神：glance（一瞥）,stare（凝视）,gaze（注视）微笑：smile,grin（咧嘴笑）眼泪：tear,drop脚步：step,footstep三、形容词（情感色彩与程度）判断情感（褒/贬/中）、程度（强/弱）、与名词的修饰。1.情感态度类：积极：positive,optimistic,hopeful,confident,enthusiastic,delighted,grateful,satisfied,amazed消极：negative,pessimistic,disappointed,frustrated,anxious,guilty,ashamed,desperate,awkward,embarrassed中立/客观：objective,neutral,cautious,curious,surprised2.程度与特质类：重要的：important,significant,crucial,vital,essential明显的：obvious,apparent,evident,noticeable相似的：similar,alike,identical不同的：different,various,diverse,distinct,unique可能的：possible,probable,likely,potential普通的：common,ordinary,average,general特别的：special,particular,extraordinary,specific合适的：suitable,appropriate,proper,fit困难的：difficult,tough,challenging容易的：easy,simple有效的：effective,efficient,valid四、副词（逻辑与程度修饰）修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，体现逻辑关系。1.逻辑衔接副词：因此：therefore,thus,hence,consequently,accordingly然而：however,nevertheless,nonetheless,whereas另外：besides,moreover,furthermore,additionally否则：otherwise事实上：actually,infact,indeed最终：eventually,finally,ultimately同时：meanwhile,simultaneously特别地：especially,particularly2.程度与方式副词：完全地：completely,totally,entirely,absolutely轻微地：slightly,barely,hardly逐渐地：gradually,steadily,stepbystep立即：immediately,instantly,rightaway小心地：carefully,cautiously故意地：deliberately,intentionally,onpurpose意外地：accidentally,unexpectedly,bychance五、核心逻辑关系词理解这些词是解完形的关键，它们决定了句子间的走向。因果：because,since,as,for;so,therefore,thus,asaresult;becauseof,dueto,owingto,thanksto转折：but,however,yet,though,although,while,whereas,despite,inspiteof递进：and,also,besides,moreover,furthermore,what’smore,inaddition条件：if,unless,once,aslongas,providedthat时间/顺序：when,while,as,before,after,until,since;first,then,next,finally,eventually;meanwhile,simultaneously举例：forexample,forinstance,suchas总结：inconclusion,insummary,inaword,tosumup六、高频固定搭配与短语1.动词短语：giveup放弃givein屈服giveaway赠送；泄露turnup出现；调大turndown拒绝；调小turnout结果是；生产lookupto尊敬lookdownupon轻视lookinto调查putupwith忍受comeupwith想出keepupwith跟上runoutof用完getridof摆脱payattentionto注意makesense讲得通take...forgranted认为...理所当然2.介词短语与其他：byaccident/chance偶然onpurpose故意inadvance提前indetail详细地ingeneral总的来说inturn反过来；依次onthecontrary相反asawhole作为一个整体facetoface面对面stepbystep逐步地完形词汇易错点专项突破一、熟词生义陷阱（最高频易错点）这些词看似简单，但在完形中常考不常见含义。必须警惕的熟词生义：develop常见义：发展完形高频义：患上（疾病）developadisease；养成（习惯）developahabit；冲洗（照片）developafilmappreciate常见义：欣赏完形高频义：理解并体谅appreciatethedifficulty；感激（比thank正式）Iappreciateyourhelp.address常见义：地址完形高频义：解决addresstheproblem；向...讲话addresstheaudiencesound常见义：声音完形高频义：健全的，合理的soundadvice（合理的建议）；soundsleep（熟睡）spring常见义：春天完形高频义：突然出现springup；跳跃springtoone'sfeetrelieve常见义：减轻完形高频义：接替，换班relievetheguard；relievesb.ofsth.（解除某人的负担）sharp常见义：锋利的完形高频义：急剧的sharpturn；准时的at7o'clocksharp；清晰的sharpimage突破策略：在笔记本上专设“熟词生义”板块每遇到一个，记录其“常见义”和“完形高频义”用真题例句加深记忆二、词义精细辨析（完形核心考查点）完形不考生僻词，考的是你能不能在相似词中选最合适的。最常混淆的词组：1.看/看穿/看透seethrough看穿（谎言、伪装）seethroughhistricklookthrough浏览，快速查看lookthroughthedocumentsee强调结果（看见）seethebirdwatch有目的地观看watchamovieobserve仔细观察（带有研究性质）observethebehavior2.声音voice人的嗓音（说话、唱歌）asweetvoicesound泛指一切声音thesoundofrainnoise噪音makenoise3.道路road具体的道路（城镇间、乡间）street城市街道（两边有建筑）path小径，小路way抽象的道路，方式findaway4.原因reason原因（与“结果”相对）thereasonforbeinglatecause起因（导致某事发生）thecauseoftheaccidentexcuse借口findanexcuse5.花费spend人作主语spendtime/moneyonsth.cost物作主语Thebookcosts$10.takeIttakessb.timetodosth.pay人作主语payforsth.6.携带bring带来（向说话者方向）take带走（远离说话者）fetch去拿来（双向动作）carry搬运（无方向性）三、逻辑关系误判（结构性错误）上下文逻辑判断错误会导致连续错误。易错逻辑关系：1.让步与转折的细微区别though/although引导让步状语从句，“虽然...但是...”（主句前不可再加but）but/however表转折，“但是”while可表“尽管”WhileIunderstandyourpoint,Idisagree.（虽然我理解你的观点，但我不同意。）2.因果倒置注意分清谁是因谁是果asaresult/therefore后跟结果becauseof/dueto后跟原因3.时间顺序混乱注意动作发生的先后顺序when当...时（同时发生）while在...期间（强调过程同时）before/after明确先后关系四、固定搭配误用（记忆不精确）易错搭配：介词搭配ontheteam（是队员）错：intheteaminthenewspaper错：onthenewspaperatnight错：inthenight（特指某个夜晚用at）动词短语混淆giveupsmoking（戒烟）giveintopressure（屈服）giveawaysecrets（泄露）giveouthandouts（分发）形近搭配payattentionto（注意）draw/attractattention（吸引注意）cometoone'sattention（被某人注意到）完形词汇临考抢分技巧四大抢分必杀技（考场瞬间判断）技巧1：逻辑信号词秒杀法这些词出现，前后句关系立刻明确：看见but,however,yet→前后意思相反前句说“他看似很弱”，空格后出现but，空格处很可能填strong看见so,therefore,thus→前后是因果前句说“他每天练习”，空格后出现so，空格处很可能填skilled或improved看见forexample,suchas→前后是例证关系空格后出现forexample，空格处很可能是problems或challenges的总述词技巧2：复现词定位法完形文章关键词会重复出现：原词复现：同样的词在上下文再次出现同义复现：用不同词表达相同意思反义复现：用反义词形成对比实战操作：遇到难题，立刻往前看3句、往后看3句，寻找可能复现的线索词。技巧3：情感色彩一致原则全文基调积极→空格处优先选积极词全文基调消极→空格处优先选消极词特别注意主人公心理变化线：失望→希望，害怕→勇敢例题速判：Hefeltso______thathealmostgaveup.A.HopefulB.excitedC.discouragedD.confident后半句“almostgaveup”（几乎放弃）是强烈消极信号，直接选C（discouraged）。技巧4：动词动作链推理完形常叙述一连串动作，形成“动作链”：判断空格动作在链中的位置符合时间先后逻辑符合因果合理逻辑口诀：前因后果，先做什么后做什么。高频考点临场速记1.必考的5个逻辑词（看到直接选）转折：however,nevertheless,yet因果：therefore,thus,consequently递进：moreover,furthermore,besides对比：while,whereas总结：inconclusion,overall2.必考的3组动词搭配情绪反应类：burstintolaughter/tearscouldn'thelpdoingbefilledwithjoy/sorrow决定行动类：makeupone'sminddecidetododeterminetodo变化类：turnintochangefrom...to...becomeincreasingly+adj.3.必考的“救命”副词（修饰整个句子）幸运地：fortunately,luckily不幸地：unfortunately,unluckily最终：eventually,finally同时：meanwhile,atthesametime特别地：especially,particularly两难选项快速决策法当你排除到只剩两个选项时：判断维度1：词义精细度哪个词义更具体？选更具体的smile（微笑）与grin（咧嘴笑）→有上下文提示选更具体的哪个更符合动作的精确描述？lookat（看着）与stareat（凝视）→根据情感强度选判断维度2：搭配强度哪个是更地道的固定搭配？payattentionto（√）与giveattentionto（×）用“语感”快速默读，哪个更顺口？判断维度3：情感强度匹配上下文情感强烈→选程度强的词上下文平淡→选中性词实在无法决定时：相信第一感觉（统计显示第一感觉正确率更高）选更常见的那个词（高考完形偏重常用词）完形词汇必练题型题型一：逻辑关系词专项（保分基础题）核心考点：转折、因果、递进、对比、条件等逻辑关系典例Manypeoplethinksuccesscomesfromtalent.______,researchshowshardworkmattersmore.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.BesidesD.Meanwhile解题关键：前句说“人们认为”，后句说“研究表明”，两者观点相反→选B（However）高频考题方向：转折关系：but,however,yet,although,while因果关系：so,therefore,thus,because,since递进关系：besides,moreover,furthermore对比关系：while,whereas,ontheotherhand条件关系：if,unless,aslongas训练建议：每天10题，追求100%正确率题型二：动词词义辨析（高分关键题）核心考点：动作的精确性及物/不及物区别与主宾语的搭配典例He______theoldmanacrossthestreet.A.assistedB.supportedC.helpedD.aided精析：help：最通用，helpsb.(to)dosth.assist：较正式，辅助性帮助aid：多指物质援助support：支持，支撑根据语境“扶老人过街”，选C最自然必练动词分组：看/看见：see,watch,notice,observe,spot说/讲：say,tell,speak,talk,state,claim拿/取：take,bring,fetch,carry,hold变/改变：change,alter,transform,become,turn开始/继续：begin,start,continue,last,maintain训练建议：每组动词完成5道辨析题，注意搭配差异题型三：名词上下文复现（送分识别题）核心考点：原词复现同义复现反义复现典例Thejourneywasfullofunexpected______.Forexample,ourcarbrokedowninthemiddleofnowhere.A.challengesB.adventuresC.storiesD.surprises精析：后句“Forexample”给出具体例子“车坏了”，这是“挑战”→选A（challenges）训练重点：代词指代：it,they,this,that,these,those指代前文什么同义替换：difficulty→challenge；happy→joyful上下义词：animal（上义）→dog（下义）速解技巧：遇到名词空格，立即向前后各看两句找线索词题型四：形容词情感匹配（基调判断题）核心考点：情感色彩一致性程度递进关系典例Afterfailingtheexam,hefelt______.Butinsteadofgivingup,hedecidedtostudyharder.A.encouragedB.disappointedC.excitedD.satisfied精析：前有“failing”，后有“But”转折，说明空格处是消极情绪→选B（disappointed）情感词汇网络：积极线：happy→delighted→overjoyed消极线：sad→depressed→desperate中立线：calm→quiet→silent训练方法：读短文时先用笔标记出情感变化的关键词题型五：固定搭配应用（记忆检验题）核心考点：动词+介词/副词形容词+介词名词+介词必练搭配分类：1.动词短语高频必考：giveup,givein,giveawayturnup,turndown,turnoutlookupto,lookdownupon,lookinto2.介词搭配易错点：dependon（不是dependof）congratulateon（不是congratulatefor）befamiliarwith（物）/befamiliarto（人）3.惯用表达：toone'ssurprise/disappointment/joymakeadifferencetake...forgranted训练建议：制作“搭配错题本”，只记录自己错过的搭配题型六：综合语境推断（高阶拉分题）核心考点：多线索综合判断文化背景理解隐含信息推理典例Asadoctor,his______wasalwaystoputpatientsfirst.Evenonweekends,hewouldvisitthosewhoneededhelp.A.principleB.habitC.hobbyD.duty精析：线索1：身份“doctor”→职业伦理线索2：“always”一贯如此→原则而非习惯线索3：具体行为支持→选A（principle）解题思维流程：定位角色身份（学生、老师、医生？）分析具体行为（做了什么？）推断动机品质（体现了什么？）匹配最佳选项7天冲刺训练计划第1-2天：基础巩固上午：逻辑关系词+固定搭配（各15题）下午：动词辨析专项（20题）晚上：复习错题，朗读正确选项句子第3-4天：能力提升上午：名词复现+形容词情感（各15题）下午：混合题型（20题，限时25分钟）晚上：分析长难句，理清复杂逻辑第5-6天：综合演练上午：完整真题2篇（限时30分钟）下午：分析错题，归入六类题型晚上：针对性补弱（哪类错得多练哪类）第7天：考前调整上午：易错题重做（只看标记过的）下午：复习高频搭配和逻辑词晚上：放松心态，默念解题口诀完形词汇综合小测第一部分：逻辑关系词1.Iwantedtogototheparty,______Ihadtoomuchhomeworktodo.A.SoB.andC.butD.or2.Shepracticedthepianoeveryday;______,shewonthecompetition.A.HoweverB.thereforeC.besidesD.meanwhile3.______itwasrainingheavily,theydecidedtocancelthepicnic.A.SinceB.UnlessC.WhileD.Although4.Heisnotgoodatmath;______,heexcelsinEnglishandhistory.A.InsteadB.otherwiseC.moreoverD.therefore5.Youwillsucceed______youkeeptrying.A.aslongasB.evenifC.sothatD.incase第二部分：动词词义辨析1.Theteacheraskedthestudentsto______theiressaysbyFriday.A.handinB.handoutC.handoverD.handdown2.Ittookhimyearsto______thetraumaoftheaccident.A.getoverB.getthroughC.getawayD.getoff3.Thecompanyplansto______anewlineofproductsnextmonth.A.LaunchB.releaseC.publishD.produce4.She______theopportunitytostudyabroadwhenitwasoffered.A.SeizedB.caughtC.heldD.took5.Theoldphoto______memoriesofmychildhood.A.calledupB.calledforC.calledonD.calledin6.He______hisvoicesothateveryonecouldhearhim.A.roseB.raisedC.liftedD.increased第三部分：名词上下文复现1.Thejourneywasfullofunexpected______.Forinstance,ourcarbrokedownhalfway.A.AdventuresB.challengesC.surprisesD.stories2.Honestyisthebest______.Ifyoulie,peoplewilleventuallylosetrustinyou.A.PolicyB.methodC.wayD.approach3.Theteamfacedmany______,buttheirdeterminationhelpedthemovercomeeachone.A.DifficultiesB.successesC.opportunitiesD.changes4.Sheshowedgreat______instandingupforwhatwasright,evenwhenothersdisagreed.A.PatienceB.courageC.wisdomD.kindness第四部分：形容词情感匹配1.Afterthelongandtiringjourney,hefeltcompletely______.A.EnergeticB.exhaustedC.refreshedD.excited2.Themovie'sendingwasso______thatmanypeopleleftthetheaterintears.A.BoringB.amusingC.movingD.confusing3.Hewas______abouttheupcominginterview,worryingaboutwhatquestionshemightbeasked.A.ConfidentB.anxiousC.curiousD.indifferent4.Theteacher's______explanationmadethedifficultconcepteasytounderstand.A.Complicated