高考英语二轮复习完型篇文体4议论文 课件（共53张）

文体4：议论文文体4：议论文议论文类完形填空是一种剖析事物、论述事理，提出主张、发表见解的文体。此题型的考查主要包括：论点、论据、论证。

(2022·浙江6月卷改编)高考真题Small

children

are

easy

to

throw

up

in

the

air

and

catch－and

they

1

it.

“Again，

Daddy，

again！”

Jacky

shouts

as

I

throw

him

skywards

and

catch

him

on

the

way

back

down

again.

He

throws

his

arms

and

legs

out

2

he

were

flying，

his

eyes

wide

with

excitement.

His

trust

in

me

is

3

，

which

is

quite

a

nice

feeling，

but

at

the

same

time

gives

me

a

huge

sense

of

4

.

I

hope

Jacky

will

always

trust

me

fully，

but

I

know

that，

as

he

gets

5

，

it

will

need

more

effort

and

sound

judgment

on

my

part.

Trust

is

such

an

important

part

of

a

6

relationship

that

it’s

something

that

I

can’t

7

to

lose.

Every

time

I

8

Jacky

to

something

new，

he’ll

do

it

only

because

he

trusts

me

and

feels

safe

in

the

knowledge

that

he

won’t

get

hurt.

9

，

teaching

Jacky

to

swim

means

he

has

to

believe

that，

[易错点]对干扰项中的短语意思掌握不牢，影响对语境的判断，造成错选。when

he’s

swimming

in

the

big

pool，

I’ll

come

to

his

rescue

if

his

doggy

paddle

lets

him

down.

10

，

in

the

workplace，

trust

is

important

for

strong

11

.

It

is

something

that

every

manager

should

work

hard

to

12

among

their

team.

If

people

don’t

trust

you，

they’re

unlikely

to

13

your

directions

and

willingly

become

a

loyal(忠诚的)

team

member.

A

14

of

trust

can

make

people

work

against

you

rather

than

for

you.

At

the

very

least，

it

means

that

people

are

not

going

to

be

giving

you

their

best.

Good

15

，

like

good

parenting，

is

a

long－term

commitment.1.

A.deserve

B.miss

C.love

D.

know2.

A.as

if

B.in

case

C.even

though

D.so

that3.

A.reasonable

B.limited

C.

absolute

D.important利用“情感分析法”解题4.

A.relief

B.satisfaction

C.achievement

D.

responsibility5.

A.older

B.busier

C.quieter

D.

healthier6.

A.long－distance

B.high－risk

C.

parent－child

D.teacher－student利用“同义词复现”解题顾名思义秒猜合成词7.

A.

affordB.chooseC.waitD.

expect利用“逻辑分析法”解题8.

A.attach

B.compare

C.adjust

D.

introduce9.

A.Above

all

B.In

addition

C.At

first

D.For

example10.

A.However

B.Therefore

C.

Similarly

D.Fortunately利用“类比法”解题11.A.affection

B.determination

C.friendship

D.

leadership12.A.assess

B.organize

C.develop

D.

understand13.A.repeat

B.follow

C.change

D.

forget14.A.gesture

B.measure

C.bond

D.lack15.A.management

B.personality

C.communication

D.education

长难句分析：

9

，

teaching

Jacky

to

swim

means

he

has

to

believe

that，

动名词短语作主语when

he’s

swimming

in

the

big

pool，

I’ll

come

to

his

rescue

if

his

doggy

paddle

lets

him

down.省略that的宾语从句；that引导宾语从句作believe的宾语；when引导时间状语从句；if引导条件状语从句抓住首句，明确论点议论文完形填空的首句一般是主旨句，作者通常在文章的首段提出总论点，然后在每段的首句提出分论点。查找论点，方式多样(1)开门见山式。直接提出论点，然后用正反、对比、举例等论据加以证明，最后总结全文。(2)导入式。先叙述生活中的一件事情或一种现象，然后根据事情或现象反映的问题提出论点，再用论据去证明。(3)文末式。一开始作者只是列举生活中的现象，不表明自己的观点，通过对具体现象进行分析，最后得出结论。注重尾段，论点照应议论文的尾段就是结论，通常照应论点，不可忽视。(1)通读全文，把握主旨要义。本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了Jacky从小就对作者非常信任，对此作者感觉良好。随着Jacky慢慢长大，作者日益发现信任的重要性。同样地，作者认为，对于强有力的领导力而言，信任也很重要，好的管理是一种长久的承诺。(2)研读文章，把握议论文的观点和论证过程。论点：trust

can

make

people

work

for

you论证：throw

up

in

the

air

and

catch→swimming

in

the

pool，

come

to

his

rescue→workplace，

manager

should

work

hard

to

develop

trust→Good

management

is

a

long－term

commitment(3)挖掘议论文观点和论证，逐题分析试填。1下文根据下文的“Again，

Daddy，

again！”可知，Jacky很喜欢作者的“抛接游戏”。由此可推知，孩子们都热爱这项活动。故选C项。2下文根据下文的“he

were

flying”可知，此处是虚拟语气，意为“好像他在飞”。故选A项。3上文结合语境可知，Jacky对作者是绝对的信任。故选C项。4上文对作者来说，这不仅让作者感觉良好，同时也意味着一种责任。故选D项。[派生词]responsibility“责任”，是由responsible派生而来的，后缀－ity延伸出来的派生词变成名词。5上下文结合语境可知，随着他逐渐长大，对作者来说，需要更多的努力和正确的判断力才能赢得他的信任。故选A项。6上文结合上一段内容可知，此处说的是父母与子女的关系。故选C项。[合成词]“名词＋名词”可以合成形容词，parent－child“父母子女的”。7上文结合上文内容可知，此处表示这是作者失去不起的东西。故选A项。8上下文作者每一次让他尝试些新的事物时，出于对作者的信任，他总是接受，因为他知道有作者在，他会是安全的，不会受到伤害。故选D项。9上下文由上文内容可知，下文以游泳为例来说明Jacky对作者的信任。故选D项。10上下文根据段落之间的逻辑关系可知，此处语意表示“同样地”。故选C项。11下文结合下文内容可知，对于强有力的领导力而言，信任是非常重要的。故选D项。12上下文根据上下文可知，每一个管理者都需要在团队中培养这种信任。故选C项。[一词多义]develop

v.发展，培养；开发，研制；患(病)；冲洗；详尽阐述，阐明。13上下文根据上下文可知，如果团队成员不信任你，他们就不太可能会听你的指令。故选B项。[熟词生义]follow熟义：跟着，跟随

生义：听从；理解，明白；遵守。14上下文根据上下文可知，缺乏信任会使人们和你作对，而不是支持你。故选D项。15上下文结合上文的manager和最后一段内容可知，好的管理是一种长久的承诺。故选A项。[构词法]－ment为常见的名词后缀。一般动词直接加－ment变成名词，如movement，

agreement等；特例argue→argument。

“5大招”巧避答题易错点大招1

正确区分形/义近词(组)完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或近义词辨析，无形中增加了难度，考生要掌握好，并且着眼于语篇意义便不容易选错。大招2

避免惯性思维在英语学习中，考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等让考生产生一些思维定式，不善于思考或考虑问题不全面。考生在学习单词、词组或习惯用语时，不要受思维定式影响。只记中文意思过于简单化，要深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。大招3

克服词汇理解障碍在完形填空题中，有时选项中会出现课标词汇中较为生僻的单词以及由课标词组成的较生僻的短语。考生在备考时要对照课标词汇表查漏补缺，多积累由课标词组成的生僻词汇，做到课标词汇无遗漏。大招4

掌握一词多义和熟词生义高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜。考生要多积累并掌握这些熟词的“新义”，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。大招5

培养全篇关联思维完形填空的考查点依附于语篇，而语篇具有连贯性，这就要求考生要理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络，作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理判断，最后做出正确的选择。名题抢分练Test

1体裁：议论文词数：243话题：坚持做好事建议用时：15分钟

The

best

and

most

amazing

thing

about

life

is

that

no

matter

what

happens

or

how

hard

it

may

be，

stay

1

.

All

you

need

to

2

is

to

do

good，

even

if

it

may

be

the

smallest

thing，

like

greeting

someone

with

a

smile.

It

can

3

someone’s

day，

and

you

will

have

made

the

smallest

4

biggest

difference

to

their

life.

I

learned

patience

in

the

hard

5

.

I

have

been

trying

to

rush

through

life，

always

6

myself

to

my

friends

and

wondering

when

my

life

would

change.

I

was

too

busy

trying

to

speed

things

up，

but

things

just

weren’t

7

，

so

I

finally

gave

up.

However，

when

I

continued

to

help

people

and

do

little

things

to

make

a

difference，

life

8

me

back.

Therefore，

keep

your

9

unchanged，

no

matter

how

unjust

people

are

toward

you.

I

believe

you

will

be

successful，

10

everything

has

its

own

special

time，

and

yours

is

definitely

coming.

You

just

need

to

11

a

little

longer.

I

12

met

someone

worth

it

all，

so

kind

and

sweet，

always

trying

to

surprise

me

in

the

most

13

ways.

Now，

every

day

is

something

bigger

and

better，

and

that

14

is

amazing.Even

if

you

have

been

doing

bad

things

until

now，

you

can

change

it

all.

Believe

me！

It

always

gets

better.

It’s

not

easy，

but

it

will.

I

know，

because

I

have

been

15

with

it

and

I

finally

feel

better.

【文章大意】

本文是一篇议论文。无论生活中发生什么事情，我们都应保持耐心、面带微笑。坚持做好事，即使是很小的好事也会给他人带来影响，同时我们自己也会收获开心与喜悦。1.

A.curiousB.patient

C.seriousD.generous答案：B解析：考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文的“I

learned

patience”可知，生活中无论发生什么，无论有多艰难，都要有耐心。故选B项。2.A.reflect

onB.set

about

C.take

upD.focus

on答案：D解析：考查动词短语辨析。根据下文的“...even

if

it

may

be

the

smallest

thing，

like

greeting

someone

with

a

smile”可知，人们需要做的是专注于做好事。故选D项。3.

A.speed

upB.look

up

C.brighten

upD.turn

up答案：C解析：考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知，设空处前面的It指代上文中的“greeting

someone

with

a

smile”，此处应表示“一个微笑就会点亮别人的一天”。故选C项。4.A.butB.andC.orD.so答案：A解析：考查连词词义辨析。此处smallest与biggest的意思和情感色彩相反，应选表示转折意义的连词but。故选A项。5.

A.wayB.timeC.pointD.problem答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。根据下文的“I

was

too

busy

trying

to

speed

things

up，

but

things...

so

I

finally

gave

up.”可知，作者在学会耐心之前吃了不少苦头，走了艰难的路。故选A项。6.A.adaptingB.adjusting

C.comparingD.applying答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“I

have

been

trying

to

rush

through

life”和下文的“wondering

when

my

life

would

change”可知，作者总是把自己的生活节奏搞得很快，总是将自己和朋友作比较。故选C项。7.

A.speedingB.changing

C.movingD.succeeding答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析。此处指作者急于看到事情有起色，但却毫无进展，所以最终放弃了。故选C项。8.A.givesB.paysC.getsD.brings答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“continued

to

help

people

and

do

little

things

to

make

a

difference”可知，作者继续帮助别人，每天做一些有益的小事。由此推知，设空处表示“生活有了回报”。故选B项。9.

A.intentionsB.minds

C.heartsD.efforts答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。根据上文的Therefore及下文的“no

matter

how

unjust

people

are

toward

you”可知，无论别人对你有多么不公正，你做善事的这个意向都要保持不变。故选A项。10.A.ifB.whenC.untilD.because答案：D解析：考查连词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知，前后句是因果关系。故选D项。11.A.workB.waitC.operateD.stay答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“and

yours

is

definitely

coming”可知，属于你的特别时刻肯定会到来，需要的只是多等一会儿。故选B项。12.A.eventuallyB.occasionally

C.suddenlyD.instantly答案：A解析：考查副词词义辨析。根据空后的“met

someone

worth

it

all，

so

kind

and

sweet，

always

trying

to

surprise

me”可知，作者最终遇到了那个值得等待的人。故选A项。13.A.normalB.unusual

C.commonD.unexpected答案：D解析：考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文的“always

trying

to

surprise

me”并结合选项可知，既然是惊喜，肯定是出其不意的。故选D项。14.A.thoughtB.viewC.feelingD.idea答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。根据上文的“Now，

every

day

is

something

bigger

and

better...”可知，每一天都越来越好，那种感觉非常美妙。故选C项。15.A.huntingB.struggling

C.searchingD.exploring答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨析。根据上文的“It’s

not

easy，

but

it

will.

I

know，

because

I.

..”以及空后的“I

finally

feel

better”可知，作者经过努力之后，最终一切都好起来了。故选B项。阅读小助手[词汇积累]①definitely

adv.没问题，肯定②generous

adj.慷慨的，大方的③brighten

up照亮；高兴起来[熟词生义]rush

n.冲；奔；匆忙；赶紧；快感生义：v.冲；奔；匆匆；急送[长难句分析](第三段第二句)I

have

been

trying

to

rush

through

life，

always

comparing

myself

to

my

friends

and

wondering

when

my

life

would

change.分析：本句是一个简单句，时态是现在完成进行时，后面的comparing...

and

wondering...是动词－ing形式作伴随状语，其中when引导的是宾语从句。译文：我一直试图匆匆度过我的生活，总是拿自己和我的朋友比较，想知道我的生活什么时候会改变。Test

2体裁：议论文词数：221话题：做人与做事建议用时：15分钟

I

will

turn

46

soon.

But

I

decide

to

1

candles

from

my

cake

this

year.

I

think

46

candles

might

2

the

cream

or

set

off

the

smoke

alarm.Amazingly，

when

I

looked

in

the

3

this

morning

I

didn’t

see

a

middle－aged

man

looking

back

at

me.

Sure

there

was

4

in

the

hair

and

wrinkles

around

the

eyes.

Yet，

when

I

5

his

smile

and

the

light

in

his

eyes，

I

felt

as

alive

and

6

as

before.

I

saw

the

young

and

loving

spirit

living

inside

this

7

body.It

is

such

a

8

that

we

can

grow

younger

on

the

inside

while

we

grow

older

on

the

outside.

Some

of

the

most

loving，

9

and

energetic

people

I

know

live

inside

ancient

bodies

that

have

10

far

better

days.

These

people

smile

often，

laugh

a

lot，

and

spend

every

day

quite

optimistically.

They

11

me

that

old

bodies

don’t

always

12

old

hearts.

I

hope

when

your

own

13

comes

around，

your

heart

will

feel

as

young

as

ever.

I

hope

you

will

remember

that

you

are

not

14

on

a

calendar

or

candles

on

a

cake，

but

a

forever

young

spirit.

Your

body

may

age

and

die，

but

your

heart

never

will.

May

you

15

all

of

your

days

with

love，

laughter，

light

and

joy.

【文章大意】

本文是一篇议论文。作者在46岁生日即将来临之际感悟到我们应该人老心不老。1.

A.protectB.separate

C.removeD.withdraw答案：C解析：根据下文中的“I

think

46

candles...

set

off

the

smoke

alarm.”可知，作者觉得46支蜡烛可能会毁坏蛋糕上的奶油或者触发烟雾警报，因此他决定今年不往蛋糕上放蜡烛了。remove“移开，拿开，去掉”，符合语境。separate“使分离”；withdraw“使退出，使撤离”。2.

A.beatB.combineC.decorateD.ruin答案：D解析：参见上题解析。ruin“毁坏”，符合语境。beat“击败”；combine“使结合”；decorate“装饰”。3.

A.windowB.faceC.mirrorD.sky答案：C解析：根据下文中的“I

didn’t

see

a

middle－aged

man

looking

back

at

me”可知，此处指作者在照镜子(mirror)。4.

A.greyB.detailC.energyD.black答案：A解析：根据上文中的“I

will

turn

46

soon.”和下文中的“wrinkles

around

the

eyes”可知，此处指作者头上有灰白的头发，眼角有皱纹。grey“灰色，灰白色”，符合语境。5.

A.imaginedB.noticed

C.checkedD.remembered答案：B解析：根据上文中的“I

didn’t

see”及下文中的saw可知，但是，当作者看到(noticed)镜子中的人的笑容和他眼里的光时，他觉得自己像以前一样充满生机与活力。imagine“想象”；check“核实”；remember“记起”。6.

A.dynamicB.successful

C.courageousD.friendly答案：A解析：根据上文中的“smile

and

the

light

in

his

eyes”“alive

and”可知，设空处所选词应与alive同属一个语义范畴。dynamic“生气勃勃的，充满活力的，精力充沛的”，符合语境。7.

A.delicateB.healthy

C.agingD.mature答案：C解析：根据上文中的“the

young

and

loving

spirit”以及作者快46岁了可知，此处表示作者看到一个年轻的、充满爱的灵魂生活在这变老的(aging)身体里。delicate“纤弱的”；mature“成熟的”。8.

A.surpriseB.confusion

C.mistakeD.fact答案：A解析：根据上文的Amazingly可知，令人惊讶的是，我们的外表在变老，而内心却在变年轻。surprise“惊奇，惊诧”，符合语境。confusion“困惑”。9.

A.influentialB.cheerful

C.impressiveD.admirable答案：B解析：根据下文中的“smile

often，

laugh

a

lot”可知，此处指作者认识的一些最有爱心、最快乐(cheerful)、最有活力的人生活在很老的身体里，但他们见证了更美好的日子。influential“有影响力的”；impressive“给人深刻印象的”；admirable“令人钦佩的”。10.

A.desiredB.guaranteed

C.requestedD.witnessed答案：D解析：参见上题解析。