2026年英语四级听力真题试卷

2026年英语四级听力真题试卷PartIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Thelaunchofanewreusablerocket.B)ThediscoveryofliquidwateronMars.C)Theestablishmentofalunarbasecamp.D)Thesuccessfulreturnofasteroidsamples.2.A)Tostudythepotentialforminingresources.B)Tosearchforsignsofancientmicrobiallife.C)Totestthenavigationsystemsfordeepspace.D)Todemonstratethecapabilityofroboticarms.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Ithasbannedthesaleofpetrolcars.B)Ithasintroducedacongestionchargezone.C)Ithasapprovedabillfor4-dayworkweeks.D)Ithasmandatedsolarpanelsonnewbuildings.4.A)Toreducetrafficcongestioninthecitycenter.B)Toimprovethework-lifebalanceofcitizens.C)Tolowertheunemploymentrateamongyouth.D)Todecreasethecarbonfootprintofthecity.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Asuddenfluctuationintheglobalcurrencymarket.B)Amajorcyberattackoninternationalbankingsystems.C)Asharpdeclineinthetourismindustry.D)Ashortageofskilledworkersinthetechsector.6.A)Theycooperatedwithlawenforcementagencies.B)Theycompensatedtheaffectedcustomersimmediately.C)Theytemporarilyfrozeallonlinetransactions.D)Theyupgradedtheirinternalsecurityprotocols.7.A)Itisthelargesteverrecordedinhistory.B)Itwastracedbacktoaspecificgroupofhackers.C)Itexposedthedataofmillionsofusers.D)Itmainlyaffectedsmallbusinessesratherthanlargecorporations.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Heislookingforapart-timejoboncampus.B)Hewantstoapplyforastudentexchangeprogram.C)Heisinquiringabouttherequirementsforascholarship.D)Heneedshelpwithselectinghiscoursesfornextsemester.9.A)MaintainaGPAabove3.5.B)Submittworecommendationletters.C)Haveatleasttwoyearsoflanguagestudy.D)Participateinatleastonesocialclub.10.A)ThedeadlineisnextMonday.B)Theapplicationprocessisentirelyonline.C)Thereisanapplicationfeeof$50.D)Heneedstowritea1000-wordpersonalstatement.11.A)Heisworriedabouthislanguageproficiency.B)Hethinksthedeadlineistootight.C)Hehasn'tdecidedwhichcountrytogoto.D)Heisconcernedaboutthecostoflivingabroad.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Sheisplanningasurprisebirthdayparty.B)Sheisorganizingateam-buildingretreat.C)Sheistryingtobookavenueforawedding.D)Sheisarrangingabusinessconference.13.A)Thegardenviewandtheparkingspace.B)Thecapacityandthecateringservice.C)Thepriceandthelocation.D)Theaudioequipmentandthedecoration.14.A)Itistooexpensivefortheirbudget.B)Itislocatedtoofarfromthecitycenter.C)Itisnotavailableonthedesireddate.D)Itdoesnothaveenoughroomsforguests.15.A)Askforadiscountfromthemanager.B)Changethedateoftheeventtoaweekday.C)Chooseadifferentpackagethatexcludeslunch.D)Lookforanothervenuethatissmaller.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Ithelpspeoplefallasleepfaster.B)Itimprovesmemoryconsolidation.C)Itstrengthenstheimmunesystem.D)Itincreasesphysicalflexibility.17.A)Between6and7hours.B)Between7and9.5hours.C)Exactly8hourseverynight.D)Lessthan6hoursforadults.18.A)Becausetheyhavemorefreetime.B)Becausetheirbiologicalclocksshift.C)Becausetheyneedlessenergy.D)Becausetheyeatlessdinner.Questions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theinventionofthesteamengine.B)Thediscoveryofelectricity.C)Thedevelopmentoftheassemblyline.D)Theintroductionoftherailway.20.A)Itmadegoodscheaperandmoreaccessible.B)Itallowedworkerstohavemoreleisuretime.C)Itreducedtheneedforrawmaterials.D)Itimprovedthequalityofhandmadeproducts.21.A)Childlaborbecamecommon.B)Urbanizationledtoovercrowdedcities.C)Pollutionlevelsrosesignificantly.D)Alloftheabove.22.A)Itwasagradualprocessovercenturies.B)Itstartedintheagriculturalsectorfirst.C)Itwasdrivenbyadesireforsocialequality.D)Itprimarilyaffectedthetextileindustry.Questions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Theyareafraidofmakingmistakes.B)Theylackthenecessaryresources.C)Theyaretoocomfortablewiththestatusquo.D)Theydonotseethepotentialbenefits.24.A)Byobservinghowothersreacttochange.B)Bystartingwithsmall,manageableadjustments.C)Byreadingbooksaboutpsychology.D)Byseekingprofessionalcounseling.25.A)Changeisinevitableandoftenbeneficial.B)Resistancetochangeisasignofweakness.C)Oneshouldavoidchangewheneverpossible.D)Successdependsentirelyonluck.听力原文NewsReportOneTheNationalSpaceAgencyannouncedyesterdaythatitsspacecraft,the"StarVoyager,"hassuccessfullyenteredtheorbitofMars.Themission,whichtookoffsevenmonthsago,aimstoexploretheRedPlanet'ssurfaceinunprecedenteddetail.Theagency'sdirectorstatedthatthisisahistoricmilestoneforspaceexploration.Theprimaryobjectiveofthemissionistosearchforsignsofancientmicrobiallife.Scientistsbelievethatbillionsofyearsago,Marshadliquidwateronitssurface,akeyingredientforlife.Thespacecraftisequippedwithadvancedcamerasandaroboticarmdesignedtocollectsoilsamples.Ifthemissionproceedsasplanned,thesampleswillbereturnedtoEarthby2030forfurtheranalysis.Thesuccessoftheorbitinsertionhasbroughtcheersandapplausefromthecontrolroom.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.Whatisthemainnewsofthisreport?2.Whatistheprimaryobjectiveofthe"StarVoyager"mission?NewsReportTwoInalandmarkdecision,thecitycouncilofMetrovillehasvotedtoapproveabillmandatingafour-dayworkweekforallcompaniesemployingmorethan50people.Thenewlegislation,whichwilltakeeffectstartingnextyear,aimstoimprovethework-lifebalanceofcitizenswithoutreducingtheirweeklypay.MayorThompson,astrongadvocateofthepolicy,arguedthathappier,morerestedemployeesareactuallymoreproductive.Thebillhasreceivedmixedreactionsfrombusinessowners.Whilesomesupportthemoveasaprogressivestep,othersworrythatitmightincreaseoperationalcostsandcomplicatescheduling.However,thecouncilemphasizedthattheprimarygoalistoreduceburnoutandenhancetheoverallqualityoflifeinthecity.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.WhathasthecitycouncilofMetrovilleapproved?4.Whatisthestatedaimofthenewlegislation?NewsReportThreeGlobalbankinggiant"FinTrust"confirmedyesterdaythatitsufferedamajorsecuritybreachearlierthisweek.Theattack,whichwasdetectedonTuesdaymorning,exposedthepersonaldataofapproximately2.5millioncustomers.Thecompromisedinformationincludesnames,addresses,andbankaccountnumbers.Inresponsetotheincident,FinTrusthastemporarilyfrozenallonlinetransactionsandisworkingcloselywithlawenforcementagenciestoinvestigatethesourceoftheattack.Cybersecurityexpertsbelievethatthebreachwascarriedoutbyasophisticatedgroupofhackersusingransomware.FinTrust'sCEOissuedapublicapology,assuringcustomersthattheywillnotbeheldresponsibleforanyfraudulentactivityresultingfromtheleak.Thebankhasalsopledgedtoupgradeitsinternalsecurityprotocolstopreventfutureincidents.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.Whathappenedtothebank"FinTrust"?6.Howdidthebankrespondtotheincident?7.Whatdocybersecurityexpertsbelieveaboutthebreach?ConversationOneM:Goodmorning,ProfessorMiller.Doyouhaveamoment?W:Hi,Tom.Sure,comein.WhatcanIdoforyou?M:I’minterestedinapplyingforthestudentexchangeprogramnextsemester.Iwashopingyoucouldgivemesomedetailsabouttherequirements.W:That’sagreatinitiative,Tom.Whichuniversityareyoulookingat?M:I’mthinkingoftheUniversityofTorontoinCanada.W:Excellentchoice.Forthatprogram,youneedtohaveaGPAofatleast3.5.Also,sincethecoursesthereareinEnglish,youneedtopasstheproficiencytestorhaveacertainTOEFLscore.M:MyGPAiscurrently3.6,sothatshouldbefine.ItooktheTOEFLlastmonth.W:Good.Youalsoneedtosubmittworecommendationlettersfromyourcurrentprofessorsandapersonalstatementexplainingwhyyouwanttogo.M:Howlongshouldthepersonalstatementbe?W:Around1000words.Anddon'tforget,thedeadlineisnextMonday.M:NextMonday?That’sonlyfivedaysaway!Ihaven'tstartedthestatementyet.W:You’dbettergetmovingthen.Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?M:Isthereanapplicationfee?W:Yes,it’s$50,butthatcanbewaivedifyouprovideproofoffinancialneed.M:Isee.IthinkIcanmanagethefee.Mymainworryiswritingthestatementinsuchashorttime.W:Justfocusonyouracademicgoalsandculturalinterests.I’msureyou’lldofine.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.Whydoesthemanvisittheprofessor?9.Whatisoneoftherequirementsfortheexchangeprogram?10.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthedeadline?11.Whatistheman’smainconcern?ConversationTwoW:Hi,Mark.Haveyoufoundavenuefortheannualcompanyretreatyet?M:Hi,Sarah.I’velookedatafewplaces,butit’stricky.TheGrandHotelhasaniceconferenceroom,butit’sfullybookedforourdates.W:That’sashame.WhatabouttheRiversideCenter?M:Icheckedtheretoo.Theyhaveavailability,butthecostiswayoverourbudget.Theyquotedus$500perperson,includingmeals.W:Thatisexpensive.Ourbudgetisaround$300perperson.Maybewecanlookforaplacethatdoesn'tincludemealsandarrangeourowncatering?M:Thatcouldwork.IsawaplacecalledtheMountainLodge.It’sabitfurtherout,butit’sveryscenicandmuchcheaper.W:Howmuchisit?M:200pM:Thatbringsuswithinbudget.Doesithaveenoughroomsforeveryone?M:Yes,theyhave20doublerooms.Thatshouldbeenoughforourteamof35.Somepeoplewillhavetoshare,butthat'susuallyfineforaretreat.W:Andthefacilities?DotheyhaveaprojectorandWi-Fi?M:Yes,theyarefullyequippedforbusinessmeetings.Theyalsoofferhikingtrailsandabonfireareafortheevening.W:Soundsperfect.Let’sbookitbeforesomeoneelsetakesit.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.Whatisthewomantryingtodo?13.WhatistheproblemwiththeRiversideCenter?14.WhyistheMountainLodgeasuitableoption?15.WhatdoesthemansuggestabouttheMountainLodge?PassageOneSleepisoftenunderratedinourfast-pacedsociety,yetitisafundamentalpillarofhumanhealth.Whilewesleep,ourbodiesarenotjustresting;theyareactivelyrepairingtissues,synthesizinghormones,andconsolidatingmemories.Researchshowsthatgettingadequatesleepcansignificantlyimprovecognitivefunction,emotionalstability,andimmuneresponse.Mostadultsrequirebetweensevenandnineandahalfhoursofsleeppernighttofunctionoptimally.However,individualneedscanvarybasedongeneticsandlifestyle.Interestingly,teenagersoftenrequiremoresleepthanadults,typicallyaroundninehours,duetotherapidhormonalandphysicalchangesoccurringduringpuberty.Despitethis,modernlifestylefactorssuchasbluelightexposurefromscreensandhighstresslevelsoftenleadtosleepdeprivation.Chroniclackofsleephasbeenlinkedtoserioushealthissues,includingobesity,diabetes,andcardiovasculardisease.Therefore,prioritizinggoodsleephygieneiscrucialformaintaininglong-termwell-being.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.Accordingtothepassage,whatisabenefitofsleep?17.Howmuchsleepdomostadultsneed?18.Whydoteenagerstypicallyneedmoresleepthanadults?PassageTwoTheIndustrialRevolutionwasaperiodofmajorindustrializationandinnovationthattookplaceduringthelate1700sandearly1800s.ItbeganinGreatBritainandquicklyspreadthroughouttheworld.Thetransitionmarkedamajorturningpointinhistory;almosteveryaspectofdailylifewasinfluencedinsomeway.Themostsignificantchangewastheshiftfromhandproductiontomachines,particularlyinthetextileindustry.TheinventionofthesteamenginebyJamesWattwasacriticaldrivingforce,providinganewsourceofpowerthatwasnotdependentonwaterorwind.Thisledtotheriseoffactoriesandmassproduction.Goodsbecamecheaperandmoreaccessible,raisingthestandardoflivingformany.However,theIndustrialRevolutionalsobroughtaboutsignificantsocialchallenges.Rapidurbanizationledtoovercrowdedcitieswithpoorsanitation.Childlaborwascommon,andworkingconditionswereoftendangerous.Pollutionlevelssoaredasfactoriesburnedcoaltofuelthemachines.Despitethesedrawbacks,thetechnologicaladvancementslaidthefoundationforthemodernindustrialworld.Questions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.WhatinventionismentionedasacriticaldrivingforceoftheIndustrialRevolution?20.WhatwasoneeffectoftheIndustrialRevolutionongoods?21.Whichofthefollowingsocialchallengesismentionedinthepassage?22.Accordingtothepassage,wheredidtheIndustrialRevolutionbegin?PassageThreeWhyischangesodifficultformanypeople?Psychologistssuggestthathumanbeingsarecreaturesofhabit.Ourbrainsarewiredtofindefficiencyinroutines,whichhelpsusconserveenergy.Whenwefacechange,weareforcedoutofourcomfortzones,whichcantriggeranxietyandresistance.Weoftenfeartheunknownbecauseitrepresentsapotentialthreattoourstability.However,changeisalsotheonlypathtogrowth.Stagnationcanleadtoboredomandalackoffulfillment.Toembracechange,expertssuggeststartingsmall.Insteadofoverhaulingyourentirelifeovernight,trymakingminoradjustmentstoyourdailyroutine.Thishelpsbuildresilienceandconfidence.Itisalsohelpfultofocusonthepotentialpositiveoutcomesratherthanworryingaboutwhatmightgowrong.Byreframingourperspective,wecanturnascarysituationintoanexcitingopportunity.Remember,everyendisanewbeginning,andflexibilityisakeycomponentofsuccessintoday'sever-evolvingworld.Questions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.Accordingtopsychologists,whydopeopleresistchange?24.Whatistheexpert'ssuggestionforembracingchange?25.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?答案与详细解析1.答案：B)解析：新闻中提到"TheNationalSpaceAgencyannouncedyesterdaythatitsspacecraft...hassuccessfullyenteredtheorbitofMars."（国家航天局昨天宣布其航天器成功进入火星轨道）。虽然也提到了任务目标是寻找生命迹象，但新闻的主干是关于进入火星轨道这一事件本身。干扰项分析：A)文中未提及可重复使用火箭的发射。C)文中未提及建立月球营地。D)文中提到样本将在2030年返回，但新闻的核心是进入轨道，而非样本返回。核心词汇：spacecraft(n.)航天器orbit(n.)轨道milestone(n.)里程碑2.答案：B)解析：新闻中明确指出"Theprimaryobjectiveofthemissionistosearchforsignsofancientmicrobiallife."（任务的主要目标是寻找古代微生物生命的迹象）。干扰项分析：A)虽然收集土壤样本可能包含研究资源的目的，但文中明确提到的主要目标是寻找生命。C)测试导航系统是任务的一部分，但不是主要目标。D)演示机械臂能力是手段，不是最终目标。核心词汇：objective(n.)目标microbial(adj.)微生物的ingredient(n.)原料，要素3.答案：C)解析：新闻第一句提到"thecitycouncilofMetrovillehasvotedtoapproveabillmandatingafour-dayworkweek..."（Metroville市议会投票批准了一项强制实行每周四天工作制的法案）。干扰项分析：A)文中未提及禁止销售汽油车。B)文中未提及拥堵费区。D)文中未提及强制要求新建筑安装太阳能板。核心词汇：council(n.)委员会，议会mandate(v.)强制，托管legislation(n.)立法4.答案：B)解析：文中提到"...aimstoimprovethework-lifebalanceofcitizenswithoutreducingtheirweeklypay."（旨在提高公民的工作与生活平衡，同时不减少周薪）。干扰项分析：A)减少拥堵是某些城市的政策，但本文关注的是工作生活平衡。C)降低失业率不是本文提到的目标。D)虽然可能有环保副作用，但这不是法案的既定目标。核心词汇：work-lifebalance(n.)工作与生活的平衡productive(adj.)多产的operational(adj.)运作的5.答案：B)解析：新闻中提到"Globalbankinggiant'FinTrust'confirmedyesterdaythatitsufferedamajorsecuritybreach..."（全球银行业巨头FinTrust确认遭受了重大安全漏洞）。随后提到这是由黑客发起的勒索软件攻击。干扰项分析：A)货币市场波动未提及。C)旅游业衰退未提及。D)技术工人短缺未提及。核心词汇：breach(n.)违背，破坏，漏洞compromise(v.)危害，损害ransomware(n.)勒索软件6.答案：C)解析：文中提到"Inresponsetotheincident,FinTrusthastemporarilyfrozenallonlinetransactions..."（作为回应，FinTrust暂时冻结了所有在线交易）。干扰项分析：A)他们与执法部门合作，但这不是针对交易系统的直接应对措施。B)他们承诺对欺诈负责，但并未说立即赔偿所有受影响客户。D)升级协议是承诺未来的行动，而非立即的应对措施。核心词汇：temporarily(adv.)暂时地freeze(v.)冻结fraudulent(adj.)欺诈的7.答案：C)解析：新闻中提到"Theattack...exposedthepersonaldataofapproximately2.5millioncustomers."（攻击暴露了约250万客户的个人数据）。干扰项分析：A)文中未说这是历史上最大的。B)专家认为是由特定黑客组织发起的，但这不是关于攻击规模或后果的描述。D)文中未提及主要影响小企业。核心词汇：sophisticated(adj.)复杂的，老练的pledge(v.)保证protocol(n.)协议8.答案：B)解析：对话开始男生就说"I’minterestedinapplyingforthestudentexchangeprogramnextsemester."（我有兴趣申请下学期的交换生项目）。干扰项分析：A)找兼职工作。C)奖学金咨询。D)选课咨询。核心词汇：initiative(n.)倡议，主动性proficiency(n.)精通，熟练waiver(n.)放弃，豁免9.答案：A)解析：教授提到"Forthatprogram,youneedtohaveaGPAofatleast3.5."（那个项目需要GPA至少3.5）。干扰项分析：B)需要两封推荐信，这是对的，但题目问的是要求之一，A也是对的。如果多选题则选AB，单选题看哪个更核心或具体。通常GPA是硬性门槛。C)文中未提及需要两年的语言学习。D)文中未提及参加社团。核心词汇：recommendation(n.)推荐financialaid(n.)经济资助statement(n.)声明，陈述10.答案：B)解析：男生听到截止日期是下周一后说"NextMonday?That’sonlyfivedaysaway!"（下周一？只有五天了！），暗示时间很紧。干扰项分析：A)截止日期是下周一，男生觉得紧，而不是觉得日期本身有问题。C)有申请费，但这不是男生对截止日期的反应。D)需要写1000字，这是要求，不是对日期的反应。核心词汇：deadline(n.)截止日期manage(v.)管理，应付academic(adj.)学术的11.答案：B)解析：男生明确表示"Mymainworryiswritingthestatementinsuchashorttime."（我主要担心是在这么短的时间内写完陈述）。干扰项分析：A)他已经考了托福，似乎不担心语言。C)他已经决定了去多伦多大学。D)他说他能负担费用。核心词汇：cultural(adj.)文化的interest(n.)兴趣focus(v.)集中12.答案：B)解析：女生问"Haveyoufoundavenuefortheannualcompanyretreatyet?"（你为公司年度静修找到场地了吗？）。干扰项分析：A)生日派对。C)婚礼。D)商务会议（虽然涉及会议设施，但目的是retreat静修）。核心词汇：venue(n.)举办场地retreat(n.)静修，撤退annual(adj.)年度的13.答案：C)解析：男生提到RiversideCenter"thecostiswayoverourbudget"（成本远超预算）。干扰项分析：A)风景和停车位不是主要问题。B)容量和餐饮。D)音频设备和装饰。核心词汇：budget(n.)预算quote(v.)报价scenic(adj.)风景优美的14.答案：C)解析：男生说MountainLodge"200per干扰项分析：A)并不贵。B)虽然远一点，但被认为是优点，不是不符合要求的原因。D)房间是足够的。核心词汇：catering(n.)餐饮服务equipped(adj.)装备好的availability(n.)可用性15.答案：D)解析：男生最后建议"Let’sbookitbeforesomeoneelsetakesit."（我们预订吧，免得被别人抢了）。这暗示之前的选项要么太贵要么没空，而这个是可行的。干扰项分析：A)未提及要求经理打折。B)未提及改日期。C)虽然讨论了不含餐的套餐，但最终建议是预订。核心词汇：option(n.)选项compromise(v.)妥协，折衷facility(n.)设施16.答案：B)解析：文章提到"Whilewesleep,ourbodiesarenotjustresting;theyareactivelyrepairingtissues,synthesizinghormones,andconsolidatingmemories."（当我们睡觉时，身体在巩固记忆）。干扰项分析：A)帮助快速入睡，这是结果不是益处。C)增强免疫系统，文章提到了immuneresponse，这是对的，但B也是对的。通常听力题考察具体的动词短语。D)增加身体柔韧性，未提及。核心词汇：underrated(adj.)被低估的tissue(n.)组织hormone(n.)荷尔蒙17.答案：B)解析：文章明确指出"Mostadultsrequirebetweensevenandnineandahalfhoursofsleeppernight..."（大多数成年人每晚需要7到9.5小时的睡眠）。干扰项分析：A)6-7小时。C)正好8小时。D)少于6小时。核心词汇：cognitive(adj.)认知的optimal(adj.)最佳的deprivation(n.)剥夺18.答案：B)解析：文章提到"teenagersoftenrequiremoresleepthanadults...duetotherapidhormonalandphysicalchangesoccurringduringpuberty."（青少年需要更多睡眠...因为青春期快速的荷尔蒙和身体变化）。这里暗示了生物钟或身体发育的变化。干扰项分析：A)他们有更多空闲时间，未提及。C)他们需要的能量更少，未提及。D)他们晚餐吃得少，未提及。核心词汇：puberty(n.)青春期exposure(n.)暴露cardiovascular(adj.)心血管的19.答案：A)解析：文章提到"TheinventionofthesteamenginebyJamesWattwasacriticaldrivingforce..."（詹姆斯·瓦特发明的蒸汽机是一个关键的驱动力）。干扰项分析：B)电的发现。C)流水线的发展。D)铁路的引入。核心词汇：innovation(n.)创新industrialization(n.)工业化textile(n.)纺织品20.答案：A)解析：文章提到"Goodsbecamecheaperandmoreaccessible,raisingthestandardoflivingformany."（商品变得更便宜且更容易获得，提高了许多人的生活水平）。干扰项分析：