北京市海淀区高三下学期一模英语试题

海淀区学年第二学期期中练习高三英语第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Lastyear,fivehomelesscatslivedintheshadowsinourneighborhood,silentlyaskingforhelp.Everyday,Isawthemhuddledtogether,theirfurmattedandeyesfilledwithhopeand____1____.AsIwatchedthem,Icouldn’tshakethefeelingthatIneededtotakeaction.Everymorning,Iputcatfoodnearourbuilding.Thecatsappeared,___2___atfirst,thenrushingtowardmeasiftheyhadbeenwaitingallalong.Feedingthembecamearitualthatstrengthenedourbond.Aswinterapproached,my____3____grew.Icouldn’tbearthethoughtofthose____4____creaturessufferinginthebitingcold.Ithensetupcozycornersfortheminthedampbasementofourbuilding.However,noteveryonesharedmypassion.Oneneighborinsistedongettingridofthecats.HecalledAnimalControltohavethem____5____.Ourdebateswereheated,butIadvocatedforthemasIknewtheyhadnooneelsetodefendthem.Asweekspassed,Ifeltanurgetofindlovinghomesforthecats.I____6____friendsandpostedonsocialmedia.Tomydelight,fourofthemfoundnewfamilies.Each____7____feltlikeavictoryinmymissiontomakeadifference.Thentherewasonecat,Joy,whostolemyheartpletely.WhenItookhimin,itwasasifhehadalways____8____inmyhome.Hisplayfulandsillybehaviourbroughtlaughtertomydays,andhisgentlepurringatnightbroughtmepeace.Throughthisexperience,I’vefound____9____inmyvoice,learningtoadvocateforthevoiceless.I’velearnedweallhavethepowertomaketheworldabetterplaceforallbeings,nomatterhowsmallouractionsmayseem.Whetherit’sfeedingastray,advocatingforanimalwelfare,ormerely_____10_____kindnessinourmunities,everyeffortcounts.1.A.joy B.fear C.curiosity D.anger2.A.quietly B.aimlessly C.bravely D.cautiously3.A.concern B.depression C.excitement D.expectation4.A.smelly B.energetic C.innocent D.noisy5.A.fed B.removed C.examined D.cleaned6.A.reachedoutto B.lookedupto C.caughtupwith D.gotonwith7.A.devotion B.decision C.admission D.adoption8.A.slept B.hidden C.belonged D.waited9.A.strength B.truth C.fort D.secret10.A.repaying B.spreading C.receiving D.teaching【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.C5.B6.A7.D8.C9.A10.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者救助流浪猫并为它们找到新家的经历。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天，我看到它们挤在一起，毛发杂乱，眼睛里充满了希望和恐惧。A.joy快乐；B.fear恐惧；C.curiosity好奇；D.anger愤怒。根据上文“fivehomelesscatslivedintheshadowsinourneighborhood,silentlyaskingforhelp”可知，这些流浪猫无家可归，所以眼睛里除了希望还有恐惧。故选B。【2题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：猫出现了，起初很谨慎，然后像是一直在等一样冲向我。A.quietly安静地；B.aimlessly漫无目的地；C.bravely勇敢地；D.cautiously谨慎地。根据上文“fivehomelesscats”和下文“atfirst,thenrushingtowardmeas”可知，因为猫是流浪猫，对人有警惕性，所以一开始会小心翼翼地靠近。故选D。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着冬天的临近，我的担忧增加了。A.concern担忧；B.depression抑郁；C.excitement兴奋；D.expectation期待。根据上文“Aswinterapproached”和下文“Icouldn’tbearthethoughtofthose____4____creaturessufferinginthebitingcold.”可知，作者担心流浪猫在冬天受苦，所以担忧增加了。故选A。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我无法忍受那些无辜的生物在刺骨的寒冷中受苦的想法。A.smelly有臭味的；B.energetic精力充沛的；C.innocent无辜的；D.noisy吵闹的。根据上文“fivehomelesscatslivedintheshadowsinourneighborhood,silentlyaskingforhelp”和下文“creaturessufferinginthebitingcold”可知，这里用“无辜的”来形容流浪猫，表达作者对它们的同情。故选C。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他打电话给动物控制中心让他们把猫带走。A.fed喂养；B.removed移除，移走，带走；C.examined检查；D.cleaned打扫。根据上文“Oneneighborinsistedongettingridofthecats.HecalledAnimalControltohavethem”可知，邻居坚持要把猫弄走，所以打电话给动物控制中心让他们把猫带走。故选B。【6题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我联系了朋友并在社交媒体上发布信息。A.reachedoutto联系；B.lookedupto尊敬；C.caughtupwith赶上；D.gotonwith与……相处。根据上文“Ifeltanurgetofindlovinghomesforthecats.”和下文“friendsandpostedonsocialmedia”可知，作者为了给猫找新家，联系了朋友并在社交媒体上发布信息。故选A。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一次收养都像是我在改变世界使命中的一次胜利。A.devotion奉献；B.decision决定；C.admission承认；D.adoption收养。根据上文“Tomydelight,fourofthemfoundnewfamilies.”可知，这里指每一次收养流浪猫都像是作者在改变世界使命中的一次胜利。故选D。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我收养他时，就好像他一直属于我的家。A.slept睡觉；B.hidden隐藏；C.belonged属于；D.waited等待。根据下文“Hisplayfulandsillybehaviourbroughtlaughtertomydays,andhisgentlepurringatnightbroughtmepeace.”可知，这只猫在作者家很自在，就像属于这个家一样。故选C。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这次经历，我在自己的声音中找到了力量，学会了为无声者发声。A.strength力量；B.truth真相；C.fort安慰；D.secret秘密。根据下文“learningtoadvocateforthevoiceless”可知，作者为流浪猫发声并成功为它们找到家，所以是在自己的声音中找到了力量。故选A。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论是喂养流浪动物，倡导动物福利，还是仅仅在我们的社区中传播善良，每一份努力都很重要。A.repaying偿还；B.spreading传播；C.receiving收到；D.teaching教。根据下文“kindnessinourmunities”可知，这里说的是在社区中传递善意。故选B。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。DirectorYangYu,betterknownasJiaozi,hasspentoveradecadeenhancinghisskillsinChina’spetitiveanimationindustry.Earlyinhiscareer,however,he____11____(face)constantrejectionsandfinancialstruggles.Hisbreakthroughcamein2019withthemasterpieceNeZha____12____provedChineseanimationcouldrivalglobalgiants.Tocreateafollowupmovie,heimmersed____13____(he)inperfectingstorytellingandcuttingedgeeffects,oftenworking16hourdays.Hisjourney—fromaselftaughtartisttoapioneer____14____(reshape)anindustry—inspiresdreamersworldwide:greatnessisn’tbornovernight,butbuiltthroughmitment.【答案】11.faced12.whichthat13.himself14.reshaping【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动画导演饺子（杨宇）的奋斗历程及其对行业的贡献和启示。【11题详解】考查动词时态。句意：然而，在他的职业生涯早期，他面临着不断的拒绝和经济上的挣扎。根据句中的Earlyinhiscareer可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，face的过去式为faced，故填faced。【12题详解】考查定语从句。句意：他的突破出现在2019年，他的代表作《哪吒》证明了中国动画可以与全球巨头竞争。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为NeZha，指物，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。【13题详解】考查代词。句意：为了创作续集，他全身心投入到完善故事和尖端特效中，经常每天工作16个小时。immerseoneselfin为固定短语，表示“全身心投入”，此处应用反身代词himself，表示“他自己”。故填himself。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的旅程——从自学成才的艺术家到重塑行业的先驱——激励着全世界的梦想家：伟大不是一夜之间诞生的，而是通过献身建立起来的。句中已有谓语inspires，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰pioneer，且pioneer与reshape之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填reshaping。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Bytheendofeachday,wealllongforalittlepersonalspaceandquiettime.Alonetimecanvarygreatlyfrompersontoperson.Forsome,itis____15____(simple)aboutbeingphysicallyawayfrompeople,whileforothers,itistheability____16____(disconnect)whenalone.Tofigureoutwhetheralonetimeenergizesorconsumesyou,you’dbetterdedicateafulldayjusttoyourselfandobserve____17____itaffectsyouremotions.Ifyoufeelrefreshedaftertakingtimetoyourself,youcansetasidemorealonetimeintoyourschedule.However,ifyoufeelfrustratedwhenalone,youneedtoleanintosocialconnectionsmorefrequently.【答案】15.simply16.todisconnect17.how【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了独处时间的个人差异，以及如何通过自我观察来确定独处是让自己恢复精力还是消耗精力。【15题详解】考查副词。句意：对一些人来说，这只是身体上远离他人，而对另一些人来说，这是独处时断开连接的能力。此处需要用副词simply修饰介词短语aboutbeingphysicallyawayfrompeople，表示“仅仅，只是”的意思，故填simply。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对一些人来说，这只是身体上远离他人，而对另一些人来说，这是独处时断开连接的能力。theabilitytodosth表示“做某事的能力”，所以此处需要用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰ability，表示“断开连接的能力”，故填todisconnect。【17题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：为了弄清楚独处是让你精力充沛还是消耗你的精力，你最好花一整天时间独处，观察它如何影响你的情绪。observe后接宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何影响你的情绪”，所以此处应用how引导从句，故填how。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Todriverealchange,climateeducationmustshiftfocusfromglobalriskstopersonalandlocalimpacts.Peoplewillactifthechallenge____18____(feel)personal—notjustabouttheplanet,polarbears,orhumanity____19____awhole.Sharingscientificfactsisn’tenough;selfinterestshouldfigureinclimatepackages.Thereforepackages.Therefore,climateeducationshouldbetailoredtoeachmunity.Messagesaremoreeffectivewhenthey____20____(deliver)inengagingwaystotrulyresonatewitheveryone.【答案】18.feels19.as20.aredelivered【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文简单概括了气候教育需要转变的重点：从关注全球风险转向关注个人和当地的影响，以促使人们真正行动起来应对气候变化。【18题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：如果挑战让人感觉与自己息息相关，人们就会采取行动——而不仅仅是关乎地球、北极熊或整个人类。设空处使用动词作if引导条件状语从句中的谓语动词，符合“主将从现”原则即用一般现在时表将来，主语为thechallenge，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填feels。【19题详解】考查介词。句意：如果挑战让人感觉与自己息息相关，人们就会采取行动——而不仅仅是关乎地球、北极熊或整个人类。设空处使用介词与后文构成介词短语作状语，结合句意，表示“作为整体”用短语为asawhole。故填as。【20题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当信息以吸引人的方式传递，真正引起每个人的共鸣时，信息会更有效。设空处使用动词作when引导时间状语从句的谓语动词，从句陈述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且主语为they，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填aredelivered。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThemunityVolunteersProgram(CVP)connectsNortheasternstudentswithconsistentvolunteeropportunitiesatlocalnonprofitorganizationsinBoston.AllcurrentNortheasternstudentsarequalifiedtoapplyforCVP.Throughthisprogram,munityVolunteerswillhavetheopportunityto:WorkdirectlywithmunitybasedorganizationsmatchingtheirpassionsandskillsGainadeeperunderstandingofhoworganizationsinBostonapproachsocialissuesinthemunities.Enhancetheirprofessionaldevelopmentthroughhandsonexperience.Expandtheirpersonalandprofessionalnetworkswithnonprofitstaff,students,andmunityresidents.AttendmonthlytrainingeventswithanemphasisonreflectionandeducationwithfellowmunityVolunteers.Receiveparticipantrecognitionfordedicationandimpact.CVPmunityPartnersCampHarborViewCampHarborViewoffersasummercampforstudentsingrades68,leadershipdevelopmentforstudentsingrades912,andprehensivefamilyservices;includingscholarships,clinicalsupport,andresourcecoordinationallatnocost.Italsobuildstargetedpilotprograms,suchasGuaranteedIneProgram,toaddresstheacuteneedsoffamilies.FenwaymunityCenterItfostersconnectionsamonglocalresidentsthroughawelingspacewhereallcanparticipateinactivitiesthatenhancetheirlives.Theyembracediversity,encouragecreativity,andpromotewellness,strivingtobuildamunitythatvaluescollaboration,equity,andsustainability.LinkHealthLinkHealthempowersresidentsbylinkingthemtoessentialpublicbenefitprograms,ensuringaccesstohealthcare,energyassistance,andnutritionsupport.mitmentCycle:Spring:JanuaryApril(ApplicationsopenDecember2024)CVPWithdrawalDeadline:February9thFirstweekofservice:Jan2024thLastweekofservice:Apr711thSummer:MayJune(ApplicationsopenApril2025)Fall:SeptemberDecember21.ThroughCVPmunityVolunteerswill.A.reflectontrainingeventsB.receivecreditsfordedicationC.promotetheirsocialstatusD.learnhowsocialissuesareaddressed22.WhatcanweknowabouttheCVPmunityPartners?A.CampHarborViewgivestargetedhelptosomefamilies.B.LinkHealthprovideshealthcareservicestothevolunteers.C.CVPmunityPartnersemphasizecultivatingcreativity.D.FenwaymunityCenterhasbuiltasustainablemunity.23.Theserviceofspringmitmentcyclestartsin.A.December2024 B.January2025C.February2025 D.April2025【答案】21.D22.A23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了社区志愿者项目（CVP）及其相关信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“GainadeeperunderstandingofhoworganizationsinBostonapproachsocialissuesinthemunities.(更深入地了解波士顿的组织如何解决社区中的社会问题)”可知，通过CVP，社区志愿者将了解社会问题是如何被解决的。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章CVPmunityPartners部分第一个小标题CampHarborView中“Italsobuildstargetedpilotprograms,suchasGuaranteedIneProgram,toaddresstheacuteneedsoffamilies.(它还建立了有针对性试点项目，如收入保障计划，以解决家庭的迫切需求)”可知，CampHarborView为一些家庭提供有针对性的帮助。故选A。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文章mitmentCycle:部分中“Spring:JanuaryApril(ApplicationsopenDecember2024)...Firstweekofservice:Jan2024th(春季：1月至4月（2024年12月开放申请）……服务第一周：1月20日至24日)”可知，春季服务周期从2025年1月开始。故选B。BIhadwantedtobeacellistforaslongasIcouldremember.Atfifteen,Iwonascholarshiptoaspecialistmusicschool.Igotupat5a.m.toplayscales,practisedatlunchtimeandreturnedtomycello(大提琴)afterlessons.Oneevening,whilepracticingademandingpiece,Ipushedmyselftoofar.Ifeltaburningpainbetweenmywristandelbow.Whenithadn’tgotbetterafteradayortwo,Istartedtopanic.Daysbecameweeks.Istillcouldnotwriteorplay.Weeksturnedintomonths.Opportunitiesforconcerts,recitals,andpetitionscameandwent.WhenIwasn’tsittingwithmyinstrument,Iwaspunishingmyselfformyownstupidity.MytechniquehadprobablynotbeensecureenoughforthedemandsIwasplacingonit.Butnowitwastoolate.Overtwoyears,Igraduallyrecoveredsomearmfunction.IwasabletoplaysomeearlymusicsuchasHandelandBach,onabaroquecello,asthemovementsaregentlerandlighter.However,thepossibilityofmyarmlettingmedownhasneverleftme.Theturningpointcame,unexpectedly,duringaphotoshootforanuptodatepicture.ThephotographersuggestedIgetmycelloandseewhatimagesofplayingmightlooklike.Ihesitated—Ididn’tseemyselfasacellistanymore.ButthenIfetcheditandsatplayingsnatchesofBach.Inthatmoment,thelenspointingatmyinstrumentandme,IbegantounderstandsomethingIhadonlyhalfsenseduntilthen.Awayfrommycello,myshadowwasmissing.WithoutitIfeltinplete.ButwithmyinstrumentIwasprotectedandentirelyhappyinmyownskin.DuringthatphotoshootIrealisedIneededtofindoutwhatthecello,anditsabsence,hadmeanttoothercellists,tounderstandwhatitmeanttome.SoIplannedajourneyacrossEurope.Iencounteredcellosdestroyedbywarandshipwreck,andevenacellotathadbeenturnedintoabeehive.Ievenplayedwitharesourcefulcellist,who,havinglosttheuseofhisrightthumb,tieshisbowontohishandwithabicycleinnertube.Overthecourseofmytravels,IlearnedIwasnotalone.Besides,myexperiencemighthelpothers.Iamalsobeginningtolookforwaystoreturntotherepertoire(曲目)Iloved.Supportedbyamunityofmusiciansinsimilarsituations,Inowcelebrateeveryconcertasasteptowardshealing.24.Aftertheinjury,theauthor.A.triedanalternativecareerpathB.playedBachtoimpresstheaudienceC.securedtheperformingopportunitiesD.blamedherselfforpracticingtoohard25.Thephotoshootexperiencewasaturningpointfortheauthorbecause.A.itimprovedherprofessionalimageB.itshowedherconstanteffortspaidoffC.itdeepenedherconnectiontothecelloD.itallowedhertomeetincrediblecellists26.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Fortunefavorsthebold.B.Constantdrippingwearsthestone.C.Goodthingsetothosewhowait.D.Whengivenlemons,makelemonade.【答案】24.D25.C26.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者作为大提琴手受伤后的心路历程与重新找回自我的故事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Oneevening,whilepracticingademandingpiece,Ipushedmyselftoofar.Ifeltaburningpainbetweenmywristandelbow.Whenithadn’tgotbetterafteradayortwo,Istartedtopanic.Daysbecameweeks.Istillcouldnotwriteorplay.(一天晚上，在练习一首要求很高的曲子时，我把自己逼得太狠了。我感到手腕和肘部之间有灼热感。一两天后，情况没有好转，我开始恐慌。几天变成了几周。我仍然不能写作或演奏)”以及第三段“WhenIwasn’tsittingwithmyinstrument,Iwaspunishingmyselfformyownstupidity.MytechniquehadprobablynotbeensecureenoughforthedemandsIwasplacingonit.Butnowitwastoolate.(当我没有坐在我的乐器前时，我就会因自己的愚蠢而自责。我的技巧可能还不够扎实，无法满足我对它提出的要求。但现在为时已晚)”可知，受伤后，作者责怪自己练习太刻苦。故选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Inthatmoment,thelenspointingatmyinstrumentandme,IbegantounderstandsomethingIhadonlyhalfsenseduntilthen.Awayfrommycello,myshadowwasmissing.WithoutitIfeltinplete.ButwithmyinstrumentIwasprotectedandentirelyhappyinmyownskin.(就在那一刻，镜头对准了我的乐器和我，我开始理解一些之前只是隐约感觉到的事情。离开了大提琴，我的影子似乎不见了。没有它，我感到不完整。但有了我的乐器，我感到被保护，并且完全自在)”可推知，这次拍摄经历对作者来说是一个转折点，因为它加深了作者与大提琴的联系。故选C。【26题详解】推理判断题。通读全文及最后一段“Overthecourseofmytravels,IlearnedIwasnotalone.Besides,myexperiencemighthelpothers.Iamalsobeginningtolookforwaystoreturntotherepertoire(曲目)Iloved.Supportedbyamunityofmusiciansinsimilarsituations,Inowcelebrateeveryconcertasasteptowardshealing.(在我的旅行过程中，我了解到我并不孤单。此外，我的经历可能会帮助其他人。我也开始寻找回到我热爱的曲目的方法。在一群处境相似的音乐家的支持下，我现在把每一场音乐会都视为迈向康复的一步)”可知，作者的经历告诉我们“当生活给你柠檬时，你要做柠檬汁”，即面对困境时要积极应对，寻找出路。故选D。CImagineanottoodistantfuture,whereweeachinhabitourownAIdrivendigitalfilter(过滤)bubble,craftedforusaloneanddesignedtoservecorporateinterests.Thisfutureresembles1998’smovieTheTrumanShow,wherethemaincharacterunknowinglylivedhisentirelifewithinarealityTVshowdesignedbyaproductionstudio.OnesubsetofAI,largelanguagemodels(LLM),won’tturnourlivesintorealityTVshows.Instead,personalizedAIagentsthreatentocageeachofusinanindividualizedandillusory(虚假的)unreality,profitingfromourdigitalactivitiesandwallingusofffromgenuineconnections.ManypaniesaredevelopingindividualizedLLM.TheunderlyingprincipleisthatAIwilllearnabouttheindividualuserandadaptaccordingly.Forexample,ifyou’reasuperfanofafootballteam,you’llbefedupdates,ads,andvideostailoredtoyourinterests24hoursaday.Somealgorithmsmayevenlearnyourschedule,pushinginformationatyouduringpreciselythosetimeswhenyou’remostlikelytobelooking.Thismaysoundharmless.BuepistouseLLMtocreatememes,orevenfakearticles,feedingyouconspiracytheoriesaboutrivalteams.Thisisamiserablerealityforatleasttworeasons.Forone,thereareneitherputationalmethodsorethicalincentives(激励)inplacetoensurethattheinformationyoureceiveistrue.Butjustasfrighteningasthelackofregardforthetruthisanevenscarierelement.Youwillnolongerlivewithanaccurateunderstandingoffootballteamthatisfullypatiblewithanyoneelse’s.Youwillrunoninformationgeneratedonlyforyourself.Thisvisionisunsettling,eveninsportsandentertainment.Butwhatofinstitutionsthathavemoredirectsocialconsequences?Education?Politics?Withthefallofthepressandpolarizationofeverything,conversationsaroundholidaytablehavealreadybeeimpossibleformanyextendedfamilies.Badasthestatusquomightbe,strangertimeslieaheadthatmakeuslongfortoday’sechochambers(信息茧房).Soon,ourbubbleswillshrinkfurtherandfurther,untilourdigitalworldsinvolveonlyourselves.InanAlmediatedfuture,everyonewillliveinaprivateTrumanShow.Asasociety,wewillbepletelyincapableofmakingfruitfulcollectivedecisionsbecausewewillhavenosharedunderstandingoftheworld.What’sthewayout?Findyourentertainmentinspaceswithactualpeople,exchangingthoughtsandcreationswitheachother.Evenonline,wemustkeepourunderstandingoftheworldgroundedinhumanauthoreddocumentsandartifacts.Valuingwhathumanscreateisnotmerelyamatterofauthenticity;italsoensureswefocusonargumentsthatanauthorcaredenoughtomake,onconservationsthatspeakerscaredenoughtohave.Otherwise,TheTrumanShow’spremisebeesourreality,unknowinglyinhabitingafakeworldwhereoureveryexperienceisdesignedforprofit.Evenmoreexistentiallyalienating?LivinginaTrumanShowwherethedirector,producerandtheonlyonewatchingisanAI.27.TheauthormentionsTheTrumanShowinParagraph1to.A.makeaparison B.illustrateasituationCsupportanargument D.proposeasuggestion28.Accordingtothepassage,personalizedAIagentsmay.A.isolateindividualsinfalserealitiesB.confirmthecredibilityofthecontentC.discouragethepanies’ethicalincentivesD.improveuserbehaviorbyfeedingtargetedads29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Algorithmshaveraisedconcernsoverprivacy.B.LLMsareingreatneedofputationalupgrade.C.Echochambersweakencollectivedecisionmaking.D.Technologydevelopmentresultsinpolarizedsociety.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.AIandtheFutureofHumanInteractionB.AIWillTurnOurLivesintoTheTrumanShowC.TheTrumanShowPredictsAI’sImpactonMediaD.AlgorithmicBubblesandtheValueofHumanCreations【答案】27.B28.A29.C30.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了个性化AI代理可能将人类生活变成虚假现实的问题。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Imagineanottoodistantfuture,whereweeachinhabitourownAIdrivendigitalfilter(过滤)bubble,craftedforusaloneanddesignedtoservecorporateinterests.Thisfutureresembles1998’smovieTheTrumanShow,wherethemaincharacterunknowinglylivedhisentirelifewithinarealityTVshowdesignedbyaproductionstudio.(想象一下不太遥远的未来，我们每个人都生活在自己的人工智能驱动的数字过滤泡沫中，这个泡沫是专门为我们打造的，旨在服务企业利益。这个未来类似于1998年的电影《楚门的世界》，在电影中，主角在不知情的情况下，在一档由制作工作室设计的真人秀节目中度过了他的一生。)”可知，作者在第一段提到《楚门的世界》是为了说明一种可能出现的情况，即我们每个人都生活在自己的人工智能驱动的数字过滤泡沫中。故选B。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Instead,personalizedAIagentsthreatentocageeachofusinanindividualizedandillusory(虚假的)unreality,profitingfromourdigitalactivitiesandwallingusofffromgenuineconnections.(相反，个性化的AI代理威胁着将我们每个人困在一个个性化和虚幻的不真实世界中，从我们的数字活动中获利，并将我们与真正的联系隔离开来。)”可知，个性化的AI代理可能会将个人隔离在虚假现实中。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Badasthestatusquomightbe,strangertimeslieaheadthatmakeuslongfortoday’sechochambers(信息茧房).Soon,ourbubbleswillshrinkfurtherandfurther,untilourdigitalworldsinvolveonlyourselves.InanAlmediatedfuture,everyonewillliveinaprivateTrumanShow.Asasociety,wewillbepletelyincapableofmakingfruitfulcollectivedecisionsbecausewewillhavenosharedunderstandingoftheworld.(在一个由AI介导的未来，每个人都将生活在一个私人的《楚门的世界》中。作为一个社会，我们将完全无法做出富有成效的集体决策，因为我们将对世界没有共同的理解。)”可知，信息茧房会削弱集体决策能力。故选C。【30题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“Otherwise,TheTrumanShow’spremisebeesourreality,unknowinglyinhabitingafakeworldwhereoureveryexperienceisdesignedforprofit.Evenmoreexistentiallyalienating?LivinginaTrumanShowwherethedirector,producerandtheonlyonewatchingisanAI.(否则，《楚门的世界》的前提就会成为我们的现实，我们会在不知不觉中生活在一个虚假的世界里，我们的每一次经历都是为了盈利而设计的。更让人感到存在上的疏离呢？生活在一个《楚门的世界》里，导演、制片人和唯一的观众都是人工智能。)”可知，文章主要论述了个性化AI代理可能将人类生活变成虚假现实的问题，就像《楚门的世界》一样。B选项“AIWillTurnOurLivesintoTheTrumanShow(人工智能将把我们的生活变成《楚门的世界》)”最符合文章主旨。故选B。DIfyoufindyourselfwithseveralmilliondollarsmorethanyouneed,howshouldyouspendthemoney?Oneanswermightbetodowhateveryouwant,withintheboundsofthelaw.Anotheristodonateittoacharity.Youmayalsosupportanorganizationthatisworkingtoreduceexistentialrisks.Thehistoryofphilosophyconsistsofattemptstoshedlightonsuchquestions.However,philosophy’sopensecretisthattheseattemptsdon’tadduptoanythingdecisive.Whenitestowhatweoughttodoinanygivensituation,differentethicalsystemsofferdifferentguidance.Conflictisbakedintoquestionslike,“WhatoughtItodo?”Orisit?Anawarenessofdifferenceiscertainlycrucialtosuchaninquiry.Butthisneedn’tbeeaconflictuntilyou’reforcedtopickaside.Somephilosophershavesoughttoeliminatetheconflictbetweenethicalsystems.DerekParfit,oneofthemostrespectedphilosophersofthepastfiftyyears,devotedthesecondhalfofhislifetopreciselythistask.Unfortunately,thepositionthatdifferentethicalpositionscanbereconciled(和解)isitselfapositionothersmaynotaccept.Parfitbelievedpeoplecouldhaveagoodreasontoactmorally,independentoftheirknowledgeorbeliefs.Ifyoufindyourselfinapositiontoalleviate(减轻)others’sufferingwithoutsignificantlyinconveniencingyourself,thenyoushouldact.Itisjustamoralfactthatthereisarightthingthatyououghttodo.Bycontrast,BernardWilliamsargueditmadenosensetotalkaboutpeople’sreasonsindependentlyfromtheirmotivations.Someonecannothaveareasontodosomethingthattheyhavenodesiretodobecausehoweverwrongheadedtheirpreferencesmaybe,subjectivityisthegroundtruthfor“havingareason”.AsinPeterSinger’sparable(寓言)ofachilddrowninginashallowpond,itselfevidentlyseemsimmoralnottosavethischildiftheonlycostforyouisapairofnewtrainers.Thisisasclearasaphilosophicalargumentcanget.However,aswithallmoralreasoning,youarefreetorejectthelogicorassumptionsbehindSinger’sargument,regardlessofitsclarity.Parfitwasaphilosopher’sphilosopher.Yethesufferedfromthefactthatirreconcilableethicalsystemsexist.Why?Becauseoneconclusionthatfollowsfromthisisthat,ifthedifferencesbetweensuchsystemscannotberesolvedbyphilosophicalmeans,conflictofaliteralkindwillalwaysexistbeneaththeirdifferences.AsKarlPopperputsit,“Ifweextendunlimitedtoleranceeventothosewhoareintolerant,thenthetolerantwillbedestroyed,andtolerancewiththem.”Thisistherub.Philosophyisoftheworldaswellasofthepageandeventhegentlestwordsmay,soonerorlater,needanarmytodefendthem.“Weshouldthereforeclaim,”Poppercontinued,“inthenameofthetolerance,therightnottotoleratetheintolerant.”I’mnotsurprisedthatParfitfeltdespairatthelimitsofhispersuasiveness.What’samazingisthatmorephilosophersdon’tfeelthesameway.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Phiosophycanhelpresolveethicalconflicts.B.Ethicalinquiriesaidinservingthepublicgood.C.Conflictingviewsexistbetweenethicalsystems.D.Acceptingconflictsisthebasisofphilosophicalinquiry.32.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Philosophersstresslogicoversubjectivity.B.Williamnsholdsmoralreasoningforcesacceptance.C.Parfitbelievesmoralactsrequirepersonalsacrifice.D.Reconcilingethicalsystemshasrealworldimplications.33.AccordingtoKarlPopper,wecanlearnthat.A.intoleranceoriginatesinabsolutetoleranceB.unlimitedtoleranceinvitesselfdestructionC.toleranceisforpeoplewhosharethesamevaluesD.philosophicalidealssometimesrequiremilitarydefense34.HowdoestheauthorfeeltowardsParfit’spursuit?ASympathetic. B.Hopeless.C.Skeptical. D.Astonished.【答案】31.C32.D33.B34.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论了伦理体系之间的差异和冲突，以及哲学家们对于如何解决这些冲突的不同观点。文章还通过卡尔·波普尔的话强调了宽容的限度，指出无限制的宽容可能导致自我毁灭。最后，作者对帕菲特因无法说服更多人而感到绝望表示同情。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“However,philosophy’sopensecretisthattheseattemptsdon’tadduptoanythingdecisive.Whenitestowhatweoughttodoinanygivensituation,differentethicalsystemsofferdifferentguidance.(然而，哲学的一个公开的秘密是，这些尝试并没有得出任何决定性的结论。当谈到我们在任何给定的情况下应该做什么时，不同的伦理体系提供了不同的指导。)”可知，在给定的情况下，不同的伦理提供不同的指导，因此从前三段中可以了解到伦理体系之间存在相互冲突的观点。故选C项。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Unfortunately,thepositionthatdifferentethicalpositionscanbereconciledisitselfapositionothersmaynotaccept.(不幸的是，认为不同的伦理立场可以和解的观点本身就是一种可能不被其他人接受的观点。)”以及后文对于伦理体系和解的讨论，可以推断出，调和伦理体系具有现实意义，但并非所有人都会接受。故选D项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“AsKarlPopperputsit,“Ifweextendunlimitedtoleranceeventothosewhoareintolerant,thenthetolerantwillbedestroyed,andtolerancewiththem.”(正如卡尔·波普尔所说，“如果我们甚至对那些不容忍的人也表现出无限的宽容，那么宽容的人将被摧毁，连同他们的宽容一起。”)”可知，根据卡尔·波普尔的观点，无限的宽容会导致自我毁灭。故选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I’mnotsurprisedthatParfitfel