2025年英美文化精髓考前核心知识点梳理

英国概况

1,英国名称：TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthern

Ireland)

2,地理位置:GreatBritainisthelargestislandoftheBritishIsles,the

largestislandinEuropeandtheeighth-largestislandin

theworld.ItliestothenorthwestofContinentalEurope,

withIrelandtothewest,andmakesupthelargestpartof

theterritoryofthestateknownastheUnitedKingdomof

GreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Itissunoundedby

over1,()()0[citationneeded]smallerislandsandislets.

或者问答BritishmainlandwesternEuropefromGreat

BritainandIreland,north-eastandmanynearby

islands,SheeastbytheNorthSea,theAtlanticOceanto

thewest,uptotheNorthAtlanticoffIceland,Yugoslavia

andtheEuropeancontinent,separatedonlybyastripof

water,theEnglishChannel

3,英国首都:London

4,构成部分：England,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland

5,民族：EnglandWelsh>Scotch、Irish

6,英国国旗：theUnionFlag英国国歌:GodSaveTheQueen天佑女

7,三次外族入侵：IRomanConquest；43AD,theromanempire

IIAnglo-SaxonConquest；thelate8thcentury,Scandinavia,

createdacertainculturaldividebetween

northernersandsouthernersinEngland

IIINormanConquest；1066,Normans,Williamtookthe

Englishthrone,andbecameWilliamtheFirst

4,英国重耍河流：RiverThames泰唔士河RiverSevern塞文河

8,政府构成部分：Monarch,Parliament,Cabinet

君主制时间：5thcenturyAD

君主的职能：Presidedovertheopeningofparliament,Orderin

CouncilapprovedthesignedofanActofParliamentandmeetthePrime

MinisterandtheQueenstandsfortheBritishintheworld.Suchas

receivingforeignambassadorsandhighcommissioners,receivingvisiting

headsofstate,andandaccessingoverseascountries,theUnited

Kingdomandothercountriestosupportdiplomaticandeconomic

rerelations.

君主现处地位：

皇宫：BuckinghamPalace

现代君主：ElizabethII

9,议会历史：MagnaCarta

构成部分：Queen\King,houseoflords,houseofcommons

怎样成为两院的议员：Tobehouseoflords:appointedbythe

Queen\King

Tobehouseofcommons:generalelection

重要职能：passthelaw

10,内阁首脑:Minister

名且员：themembersofparliament

职能：topersuadeparliamenttopasslawsandvotefortaxes\carry

outthefunctionsofpolicy-making

11,英国普选

对象：votersandcandidates

选举人：

候选人：

成为首相的人选：theleaderofthegoverningparty

重耍执政党派：theconservationparty\thelabourparty

现任英国的执政党：thelabourparty

怎样成为执政党：Thepartywinsthemajorityseatsinthehouseof

commons

12,英国经济

工业革命之父：瓦特(JamesWatt)发明：蒸汽机(steamengine)

13,英国的教育

3个阶段：primaryeducation,secondaryeducation,higher

education

2大分支：publiceducation,privateeducation

大学教育中的学位：bachelorsdegree,doctordegree,master

degree

14,英国文学：

1.英语发展的三个阶段:①OldEnglish⑹11—1l(h):theanglo-saxon

language

②MiddleEnglish(11th—15lh):thecombinationofEnglishand

French

③ModernEnglish(15th-now)

2.英国最早的一部作品及内容：Beowulf

3.英国第一种诗人及其代表作：

诗人：GeoffreyChaucer(乔叟).

代表作：TheCanterburyTales(坎特伯雷故事集)

4.伊丽莎白时期的作家及其代表作

①WilliamShakespeare:悲剧Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth,

RomeoandJuliet

喜剧TwelfthNight,TheTempest,

AMidsummerNight'sDream,

TheTamingOfTheShrew

©ChristopherMarlowe:TheTragicalHistoryofDRFaustu

5.弥尔顿的三部曲：ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegained,Samson

Agonistes

15,英国媒体

最早的报纸：TheObserver

报纸分为那两类:broadsheets(qualitypress)\tabloid(gutterpress)

BBC的含义：TheBritishBroadcastingCorporation

16,英国的节日

圣诞节的含义:tocommemoratesthebirthofJesusChrist

感恩节的含义：tocommemoratestheCrucifixionandResurrection

ofJesusChrist

美国概况：

1,名称：theUnitedStatesofAmerica

2,地理位置(geographicalposition)：Thecountryissituatedmostly

incentralNorthAmerica,andliesbetweenthePacificandAtlantic

Ocean,borderedbyCanadatothenorthandMexicotothesouth.

4,l|SBI(neighboringcountries):Canada,Mexico.

5,重要河流(majorrivers)：TheMississippiRiver,theColorado

River,theColumbiaRiver,theYukonRiver,theMissouriRiver

6,五大分胡(GreatLakes)：LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,Lake

Huron,LakeErie,LakeOntario.

7,首都：WashingtonD.C

8,独立战争(AmericanRevolutionaryWar/AmericanWarof

Independence)：

I、双方：ItbeganasawarbetweentheKingdomofGreatBritainand

thirteenBritishcoloniesinNorthAmerica,andendedinaglobalwar

betweenseveralEuropeangreatpowers.

2、领导者：GeorgeWashington.

3、起止时间:Sep19,1775—Sep3,1783

9,独立宣言(UnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependence)：1、起

草者(drafter)：ThomasJefferson

2、时间：July4,1776

3,被通过的时间：4,hJuly,1776

4,重要内容:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenare

createdequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertain

unalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,Libertyandthepursuitof

Happiness.

10,美国的政治体制

三权分立：

LegislativeBranchismadeupofelectedrepresentativesfromall

ofthestates,andisonlybranchthatcanmakefederaltaxes,declarewar

orputforeigntreatiesintoeffect.立法机构所属机构为参议院(the

Senate)和众议院(theHouseofRepresentative)；

theExecutivebranch的所属机构有president,vice-president,

cabinetand13departments.

TheJudicialbranchisheadedbytheSupremeCourt,whichisthe

onlycourtspecificallycreatedbytheConstitution.

职能：Federalcourtshavejurisdictionovercasesarisingoutof

theConstitution;lawsandtreatiesoftheUnitedStates;maritimecases;

issuesinvolvingforeigncitizensorgovernments;andcasesinwhichthe

federalgovernmentitselfisaparty.

三权分立的关键：checksandbalances

联邦条款:ArticlesofConfederation.这是1777年11月国会通过的

美国第一部宪法性文献，规定了联合新独立的13个州松散的邦联政

府的职能。1787年美国制定联邦宪法，邦联制随之终止。

美国宪法(Constitution)

制定的会议名称:ConstitutionalConvention.;

土也点：Philadelphia;thepresidentoftheConventionwasGeorge

Washington;

时间：1787.5；

联邦制的含义：Afederalsystemisoneinwhichpowerisshared

betweenacentralauthorityanditsconstituentparts,withsomerights

reservedtoeach.

权利法案的含义及内容：《权利法案》：adoptedin

!791.content:Thisconsistsof10veryshortparagraphswhichguaranteed

freedomandindividualrightsandforbidinterferencewithlivesof

individualsbythegovernment.EachparagraphisanAmendmenttothe

originalConstitution.

美国的两大政党名，来源，象征物：美国的两大政党：Democratic

PartyandRepublicanParty;theDemocraticParty,whichevolvedoutof

ThomasJefferson'sparty,formedbefore1800.Thesymbolofthepartyis

donkey.TheRepublicanParty,whichwasformedinthe1850s.the

symboloftheRepublicanPartyistheelephant.

现任总统，现任执政党：Obama'DemocraticParty

美国第一任总统：GeorgeWashington,electedin1789-1797,8years

制宪会议：

时间,May1787

地点，Philadelphia

目的，toformulateUnitedStatesConstitution

11,美国经济：

20世纪30年代美国经济碰到什么问题，哪一总统采用什么措施处理

了这一问题Thecrazyspeculationcausefinancialcrisistriggeredthe

greatdepression.PresidentRoosevelt'sNewDealknownas”one

hundreddaysNewDeal”.（onMarch9山,1933toJune16lh）

12,美国社会现存的三大宗教：

Protestantism（清教）

Catholicism（天主教）

Judaism（犹太教）

13,文学

WashingtonIrving:/?//?VanWinkle

Thoreau:收

Hawthrone:Sca