【《超疏水表面的应用研究国内外文献综述》3300字】

-I-超疏水表面的应用研究国内外文献综述目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\u27378超疏水表面的应用研究国内外文献综述 I93391.1自清洁领域 I280841.2防结冰领域 II108721.3防腐蚀领域 III320151.4油水分离领域 IV133281.5其他领域 V1.1自清洁领域超疏水的现象是首先发现于自然界的荷叶，荷叶表面由于其特殊的结构构造形成超疏水表面，使水在荷叶表面呈现球形，粘附力较低，水在超疏水表面可以凭借很小的倾斜角度滚落，同时带走表面的污染物。人们受到启发人工制成超疏水表面，同时具有自清洁特性，并且可以广泛应用于多个领域。在建筑上自清洁的材料可以得到大量的应用，如自清洁的玻璃和墙壁，在自然降雨下建筑外表便能得到较好的清理，2005年国家大剧院使用自清洁玻璃外墙，可以大大节省建筑的清理费用ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[63,64]。Li等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Li</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>53</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[64]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>53</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vz02wvfvhwvpf8ew0wdpf0vnetxpxdpp9ptw"timestamp="1619520131">53</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Li,Wei</author><author>Liang,Zihui</author><author>Dong,Binghai</author><author>Tang,Hong</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Transmittanceandself-cleaningpolymethylsiloxanecoatingwithsuperhydrophobicsurfaces</title><secondary-title>SurfaceEngineering</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SurfaceEngineering</full-title></periodical><pages>574-582</pages><volume>36</volume><number>6</number><section>574</section><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>0267-0844 1743-2944</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1080/02670844.2019.1603811</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[64]通过简单的溶胶凝胶法，使用甲基三乙氧基硅烷以及聚二甲基硅氧烷制造高透射率和具有自清洁功能的超疏水涂层，水接触角为164°，滚动角为5°。带此超疏水涂层的玻璃在波长为380-800nm处的平均透射率为89.35%，接近洛玻利的透射率（90.09%）。在500℃煅烧后，该涂层具有较高的透射率（91.13％），但仍保持其超疏水性。Xing等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Xing</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>54</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[65]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>54</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vz02wvfvhwvpf8ew0wdpf0vnetxpxdpp9ptw"timestamp="1619520135">54</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Xing,Ruimin</author><author>Latthe,SanjayS.</author><author>Bhosale,A.K.</author><author>Li,Rui</author><author>MadhanKumar,A.</author><author>Liu,Shanhu</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Anovelandfacileapproachtoprepareself-cleaningyellowsuperhydrophobicpolycarbonates</title><secondary-title>JournalofMolecularLiquids</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofMolecularLiquids</full-title></periodical><pages>366-373</pages><volume>247</volume><section>366</section><dates><year>2017</year></dates><isbn>01677322</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.molliq.2017.10.028</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[65]通过简单的硝酸处理，再通过甲基三氯硅烷进行表面处理以制成超疏水黄色碳酸酯。通过改变硝酸处理时间，可以将碳酸脂的颜色控制从浅黄色到深黄色，甲基三氯硅烷的表面甲硅烷基化可更具反应时间提供微纳米级别的粗糙表面。制成的黄色碳酸脂水接触角为155°，水滚动角为8°。黄色超疏水碳酸脂表现出自清洁性能，滚动水珠很容易将表面的回城颗粒带走，并且经过水流冲击测试后，未观察到超疏水性能下降，表现出机械稳定性。1.2防结冰领域结冰结霜在人们的生产生活中会造成巨大影响，可能会严重损害户外仪器如电力运输设备和交通运输设备。传统除雪融冰的方法主要是使用融雪剂和人工扫雪，然而这些传统方法消耗的人力物力和财力都较高，而且后续可能对环境造成影响。超疏水材料由于表面的微纳米结构，可以捕获更多的气穴来排斥水，使固液接触面积显著减小，可以使冰成核更加困难，防止过冷水冻结。另外，气泡在冻结后仍可保留，作为原始的微裂纹，降低冰的粘附强度，使粘附的冰极容易被除去。超疏水技术是一种便宜方便，绿色环保的除冰方式ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[66,67]。Zhang等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zhang</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>55</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[68]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>55</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vz02wvfvhwvpf8ew0wdpf0vnetxpxdpp9ptw"timestamp="1619520140">55</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zhang,He</author><author>Lu,Xin</author><author>Xin,Zhong</author><author>Zhang,Wenfei</author><author>Zhou,Changlu</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Preparationofsuperhydrophobicpolybenzoxazine/SiO2filmswithself-cleaningandicedelayproperties</title><secondary-title>ProgressinOrganicCoatings</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ProgressinOrganicCoatings</full-title></periodical><pages>254-260</pages><volume>123</volume><section>254</section><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>03009440</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.03.026</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[68]通过旋涂和热固化与悬挂的脂族链取代的聚苯并恶嗪和二氧化硅纳米粒子结合制成超疏水薄膜。超疏水薄膜具有167°的静态水接触角和5°的水滚动角，并表现出自清洁性能。由于超疏水膜的微纳结构下液固接触面积的减少和气穴引起的热损失，该膜还显示出冰延迟特性。Chu等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Chu</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>56</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[69]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>56</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vz02wvfvhwvpf8ew0wdpf0vnetxpxdpp9ptw"timestamp="1619520144">56</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Chu,Zhenming</author><author>Jiao,Weicheng</author><author>Huang,Yifan</author><author>Yan,Meiling</author><author>Zheng,Yongting</author><author>Wang,Rongguo</author><author>He,Xiaodong</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>SmartSuperhydrophobicFilmswithSelf‐SensingandAnti‐IcingPropertiesBasedonSilicaNanoparticlesandGraphene</title><secondary-title>AdvancedMaterialsInterfaces</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvancedMaterialsInterfaces</full-title></periodical><volume>7</volume><number>15</number><section>2000492</section><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>2196-7350 2196-7350</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/admi.202000492</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[69]制备了1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三氯硅烷改性的石墨烯微纳分级结构膜，该膜在-10℃的温度和冷凝条件下具有152.1°的水接触角和2.3°的水滚动角，表现出优异的超疏水特性。微纳米分级结构膜上过冷液滴的动态撞击和反弹过程表明其具有出色的防冰性能。更重要的是，所制备的超疏水膜可以迅速感知到不同下落高度和大小的撞击液滴，并记录了液滴冻结的整个过程。该研究对实时防冰和低温自感的研究具有重要意义。1.3防腐蚀领域金属暴露于空气中，特别是湿度较大的空气中，腐蚀的速度非常快。而由于环境的污染造成酸雨的现象更加加速了金属的腐蚀。金属的的腐蚀不仅会造成经济的损失，对生态的破坏和对人员的伤害。在金属与造成腐蚀的因素之间制造一个防护层,是金属防腐的常用方法。超疏水表面由于其特殊的表面结构可以在与水接触时形成大量的空穴，这些空穴可以大大减少表面与水的接触，从而改善金属的腐蚀性能ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[70,71]。WangADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wang</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>57</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[72]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>57</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vz02wvfvhwvpf8ew0wdpf0vnetxpxdpp9ptw"timestamp="1619520148">57</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wang,W.</author><author>Lockwood,K.</author><author>Boyd,L.M.</author><author>Davidson,M.D.</author><author>Movafaghi,S.</author><author>Vahabi,H.</author><author>Khetani,S.R.</author><author>Kota,A.K.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofBioengineering,UniversityofIllinoisatChicago,Chicago,Illinois60607,UnitedStates.</auth-address><titles><title>SuperhydrophobicCoatingswithEdibleMaterials</title><secondary-title>ACSApplMaterInterfaces</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ACSApplMaterInterfaces</full-title></periodical><pages>18664-8</pages><volume>8</volume><number>29</number><edition>2016/07/13</edition><keywords><keyword>*Food</keyword><keyword>FoodPackaging</keyword><keyword>SurfaceProperties</keyword><keyword>Fda</keyword><keyword>coating</keyword><keyword>edible</keyword><keyword>nontoxic</keyword><keyword>superhydrophobic</keyword><keyword>wax</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>Jul27</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1944-8252(Electronic) 1944-8244(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>27403590</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/27403590</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acsami.6b06958</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[72]等通过喷涂法使用FDA批准的可食用材料以可扩展，低成本，单步技术制备超疏水涂层，用于减少粘性食品液体的浪费。涂料经试验证明无毒，尽管可食用超疏水性涂料对流经表面的液体显示出合理的机械耐久性，但它们却没有足够的机械耐久性来承受恶劣和磨蚀性的环境。Xiang等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Xiang</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>58</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[73]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>58</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vz02wvfvhwvpf8ew0wdpf0vnetxpxdpp9ptw"timestamp="1619520150">58</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Xiang,Tengfei</author><author>Chen,Depeng</author><author>Lv,Zhong</author><author>Yang,Zhiyan</author><author>Yang,Ling</author><author>Li,Cheng</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Robustsuperhydrophobiccoatingwithsuperiorcorrosionresistance</title><secondary-title>JournalofAlloysandCompounds</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofAlloysandCompounds</full-title></periodical><pages>320-325</pages><volume>798</volume><section>320</section><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>09258388</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.05.187</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[73]通过简单的方法使用纳米镍涂层作为模板制造了超坚固的双层超疏水涂层。该涂层表现出很高的硬度，在磨损超过100次循环后仍显示出超疏水性，这证明了其强大的机械稳定性。此外，它还可以排斥的强酸和强碱，例如HCl，HNO3和NaOH。该涂层的腐蚀电流密度低至2.525×10-8A/cm2，显示出优异的耐腐蚀性。Du等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Du</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>105</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[74]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>105</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vz02wvfvhwvpf8ew0wdpf0vnetxpxdpp9ptw"timestamp="1619794453">105</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Du,Chongwei</author><author>He,Xiaoyan</author><author>Tian,Feng</author><author>Bai,Xiuqin</author><author>Yuan,Chengqing</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PreparationofSuperhydrophobicSteelSurfaceswithChemicalStabilityandCorrosion</title><secondary-title>Coatings</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Coatings</full-title></periodical><volume>9</volume><number>6</number><section>398</section><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>2079-6412</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3390/coatings9060398</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[74]使用简单的制造方法在Q235碳钢上制造超疏水表面以进行防腐。结构和接枝的低表面能材料的结合有助于形成超疏水性钢表面，其水接触角为161.6°，滚动角为0.8°。同时，所制备的超疏水表面在pH为1至14的范围内显示出对不同溶液的排斥性，表现出优异的化学稳定性。此外，在室温下，酸腐蚀液（pH值为1的HCl溶液）在制备的超疏水表面上保持球形，表明具有优异的耐腐蚀性。1.4油水分离领域在是由开采和使用的过程中，油类污染物的泄漏已经对环境造成巨大的危害，也使人们对于高效油水分离材料的需求任意增加。具有特殊浸润性的材料由于成本、工艺、效率等优点成为了研究人员的关注点。特殊浸润性的油水分离材料分为超疏水超亲油材料和超亲水水下超疏油材料，分别是通过拦截水通过油和拦截油通过水来达成油水分离，而目前研究的重点以及取得成功较大的是超疏水超亲油材料。Ardekanin等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ardekani</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>89</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[75]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>89</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vz02wvfvhwvpf8ew0wdpf0vnetxpxdpp9ptw"timestamp="1619536630">89</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ardekani,SaeedRahemi</author><author>RouhAghdam,AlirezaSabour</author><author>Nazari,Mojtaba</author><author>Bayat,Amir</author><author>Saievar-Iranizad,Esmaiel</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Anewapproachforpreparationofsemi-transparentsuperhydrophobiccoatingsbyultrasonicsprayhydrolysisofmethyltrimethoxysilane</title><secondary-title>ProgressinOrganicCoatings</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ProgressinOrganicCoatings</full-title></periodical><pages>248-254</pages><volume>135</volume><section>248</section><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>03009440</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.05.033</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[75]通过一种新颖的雾化喷雾水解方法被用于制备半透明的超疏水涂层。将甲基三甲氧基硅烷溶于水/乙醇混合物中，然后通过超声喷涂在不同的基材上，获得了具有高达164°的接触角（CA）和低于5°的滑动角的超疏水涂层。FESEM和AFM揭示了具有涂层纳米粗糙度的分层微纳米二元结构。涂覆的玻璃基板显示出接近80％的透射率。所制备的涂层显示出良好的自清洁和拒水性能。样品在环境条件下放置50天后仍保持超疏水性。该涂层在水冲洗试验下也是耐用的。Camila等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Medina-Sandoval</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>83</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[76]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>83</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vz02wvfvhwvpf8ew0wdpf0vnetxpxdpp9ptw"timestamp="1619534946">83</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Medina-Sandoval,CamilaF.</author><author>Valencia-Dávila,JefersonA.</author><author>Combariza,MariannyY.</author><author>Blanco-Tirado,Cristian</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Separationofasphaltene-stabilizedwaterinoilemulsionsandimmiscibleoil/watermixturesusingahydrophobiccellulosicmembrane</title><secondary-title>Fuel</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Fuel</full-title></periodical><pages>297-306</pages><volume>231</volume><section>297</section><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>00162361</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.066</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[76]提出了一种分两步制备含SiO2的疏水性纤维素膜的方法溶胶-凝胶工艺，以增加表面粗糙度，然后接枝十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷基团，以化学方式增强膜的拒水性。分别通过扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱检测改性过程引起了形态和化学变化。疏水膜用于分离不混溶的油/水混合物，效率超过99％。此外，我们测试了该材料可破坏沥青质稳定化的油包水乳液，并将分离效率从75％提高至95％。破乳过程取决于膜表面疏水性，乳液粘度和分散的液滴大小。疏水/亲油性纤维素膜可有效分离水/油（50％水）乳液重复18次以上。1.5其他领域在生物医疗领域，超疏水表面因其表面能低，隔绝水，同时其他物质在超疏水表面难以附着，使得细菌等微生物无法依附在超疏水表面，从而达到了防菌的效果ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[77,78]；在光学领域中，超疏水涂层具有的自清洁、防雾等特性，可以大大降低光学镜头的维护成本，增加了使用寿命，但是超疏水涂层的高透明性是这个领域的难题ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Liu</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>62</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[79]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>62</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="vz02wvfvhwvpf8ew0wdpf0vnetxpxdpp9ptw"timestamp="1619520171">62</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Liu,Yu-Peng</author><author>Liu,Hui-Fen</author><author>Feng,Yan-Ge</author><author>Liu,Zhi-Lu</author><author>Hu,Hai-Yuan</author><author>Yu,Bo</author><author>Zhou,Feng</author><author>Xue,Qun-Ji</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Ananotubularcoatingwithbothhightransparencyandhealablesuperhydrophobicself-cleaningproperties</title><secondary-title>RSCAdvances</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>RSCAdvances</full-title></periodical><pages>21362-21366</pages><volume>6</volume><number>26</number><section>21362</section><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>2046-2069</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1039/c5ra26977f</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[79]；在流体减阻领域，超疏水涂层由于与水接触会在表面形成大量的空穴，使水和船体之间增加一层空气膜，涂覆于船体表面，大大减少船只在水中航行的动力损失ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[80,81]。超疏水材料在各个领域都有这巨大的应用前景，相信未来会在生活中占据重要的地位。参考文献[1] 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