第一课时国际音标及句子成分讲解

单词拼写三步走：找元音+辅音+元音+读尾音adequate/ˈædɪkwət/足够的aggressive/əˈɡresɪv/adj.侵略性的；积极进取的betray/bɪˈtreɪ/v.背叛；泄露abolish/əˈbɒlɪʃ/v.废除，取消acquaint/əˈkweɪnt/v.使熟悉，使了解adhere/ədˈhɪə/v.坚持；粘附adjacent/əˈdʒeɪsənt/adj.邻近的，毗连的affiliate/əˈfɪlieɪt/v.使附属；加盟alleviate/əˈliːvieɪt/v.减轻，缓解ambiguous/æmˈbɪɡjuəs/adj.模棱两可的amplify/ˈæmplɪfaɪ/v.放大；增强analogy/əˈnælədʒi/n.类比，比拟anonymous/əˈnɒnɪməs/adj.匿名的anticipate/ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/v.预期，预料applaud/əˈplɔːd/v.鼓掌；称赞apprehensive/ˌæprɪˈhensɪv/adj.忧虑的，担心的arrogant/ˈærəɡənt/adj.傲慢的ascertain/ˌæsəˈteɪn/v.查明，确定ascribe/əˈskraɪb/v.把……归因于assault/əˈsɔːlt/n./v.攻击，袭击bewilder/bɪˈwɪldə/v.使困惑，使不知所措casualty/ˈkæʒuəlti/n.伤亡人员；事故coincide/ˌkəʊɪnˈsaɪd/v.同时发生；一致collaborate/kəˈlæbəreɪt/v.合作，协作英语语法基本概念

十大词类、句子成分、基本句型、句子类型PART01十大词类句子都是由单词组成的。英语单词根据词类或词性(PartsofSpeech)可分为：实词NotionatWord名词Noun形容词Adjective副词Adverb动词Verb代词Pronoun数词Numeral虚词FormWord介词Preposition连词Conjunction冠词Article感叹词InterjectionPART02句子成分必须有的句子成分：可以有的句子成分：主语(subject)

谓语(predicate)宾语(object)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial)补语(complement)表语(predicative)同位语(appositive)No.1主语1.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（

）2.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（

）3.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（

）4.Whatbenefitsmosttheirstudy

isreadingEnglishbooks.

(

)5.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.

（

）6.Writinganessayisadifficultprocessformostpeople.7.It’surgentforstudentsthemselvestoimprovetheirself-discipline（

）数词不定式名词化的形容词主语从句名词动名词短语it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式roundout使变圆；使更完美；圆满结束Hisfaceseemedtohaveroundedout.Hisfatherinsistedthathewenttouniversitytoroundouthiseducation.Chocolatecakeroundedoutthemeal.No.2谓语简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comes

toLondon.（

）复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostart

providinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.（

）（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.(

)实义动词情态动词+实义动词系动词拓展：系动词(6大类别）状态系动词：用来表示主语状态的只有be动词感官系动词：主要有feel、smell、sound、taste......表象系动词：表示外观的概念主要有seem、appear、look......终止系动词：表示主语结束了动作，主要有prove、turnout......表示“证实”、“成为”的意思。持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或维持某种情况或态度，主要有keep、remain、stay、lie、stand......变化系动词：表示主语是怎样的，主要有become、grow、turn、fall、get、go、come、run......1.FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonsto...”（

）2.I’dappreciateitifyoutakemyinvitationintoconsideration.（

）3....，dronescouldalsostart

providinghigher-valueservices

forrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.（

）4.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.

（

）5.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（

）6.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（

）7.Hepretendednottoseeme.（

）No.3宾语名词代词it作形式宾语，if引导的条件状从为真正的宾语动名词短语宾语从句数词名词化的形容词不定式短语1.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance.（

）

2.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.（

）

3.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorning....（

）4.Needlesstosay,theyweredeeplymoved.（

）5.MydreamistobecomeanEnglishteacher.(

)6.Hishobby

isplayingfootball.（

）7.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（

）No.4表语介词短语形容词方位副词过去分词不定式动名词表语从句No.5定语1.

Fruitjuices,milk-based

drinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax.（

）2.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.（

）3.Throughouthercareerasaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK.（

）4.Toperformthese

tasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.（

）5.With

their

abilitytoseeahead,

theycouldsignalany

problem,sothatfast-moving

trainswouldbeabletoreactintime.（

）名词，过去分词，形容词定语从句介词短语作后置定语代词，介词代词，不定式，代词，现在分词动名词VS现在分词虽然现在分词与动名词的格式完全相同，但它们在句子中的作用却是有明显的区别的。1.动名词相当于名词，所以在句子中可以充当的成分与名词类似，即主要充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。而现在分词的作用类似于副词和形容词，在句子中主要充当状语、定语、补语、表语等。Hearingthenoise,theyimmediatelystoppedtalking.一听到有声音，他们立刻就停止谈话。(现在分词作状语)Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。(现在分词作定语)Growingrosesisherhobby.种玫瑰是她的爱好。(动名词作主语）Shelikes

talkingverymuch.她很喜欢讲话。(动名词作宾语）1.Additionally

fromtimetotime

Iwillassigngroupworktobecompleted..（

）2.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.（

）No.6状语副词让步状语从句No.7补语1.Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore

meaningful.（

）2.

Wesincerelywishyouaquickrecoveryandanearlyreturn

toChina.（

）3.BeijingwillmaketheChineseculturebetterknowntoBritishstudents.（

）形容词作宾补名词短语作宾补过去分词短语作宾补No.8同位语1.ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbest

lovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.（

）2.ThenewsthatPremierLiKeqiangpassedawayonOct.27madeChinesepeopledeeplysad.（

）名词同位语从句PART03简单句的五种基本句型动作（动词）1.可以独立完成的动作Michaelsleeps.主语+不及物动词2.有1个动作的承受者Michaellikesyou.主语+及物动词+宾语3.有2个动作的承受者IteachyouEnglish.主语+双及物动词+间宾+直宾4.有1个动作的承受者（但需补充）单Iconsideryousmart.主语+复杂及物动词+宾语+宾补5.非“动作”Michaelisintheroom.连系动词Michaelistall.主语+系动词+表语SVSVOSVOOSVOCSVPMichaellookstall.FivebasicpatternsofsentencesSubject+Verb(SV)Michaelsleeps.Subject+Verb+Predicative(SVP)Michaellikesyou.Subject+Verb+Object(SVO)IteachyouEnglish.Subject+Verb+Indirectobject+Directobject(SVOO)Iconsideryousmart.Subject+Verb+Object+Objectcomplement(SVOC)Michaelistall.PART04句子类型按句子的结构可分三种：1.简单句(SimpleSentence)2.并列句(CompoundSentence)3.复合句(ComplexSentence)简单句(SimpleSentence)一个主语+一个谓语HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.He

isaschoolstudentinNo.1MiddleSchool.Confidenceinyourselfisthefirststepontheroadtosuccess.并列句(CompoundSentence)≥2个简单句，由并列连词或分号连接用分号：Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchathing.用并列连词：（but,or,yet,so,for,and,nor[记忆口诀：boy’sfan]）Fieldshaveeyes,andwoodshaveears.隔墙有耳。复合句(ComplexSentence)主句+从句（≥1）主句：独立存在&完整意思从句：依附主句&充当一个句子成分的分句，由连词、关系代词或关系副词引导用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等MarytoldmethatshevisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.句子种类简单句并列句主从复合句定语从句状语从句名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句只有一个主谓结构一个主句+一个（以上）从句两个或两个以上的简单句英语语法作用：造句长句子短句子（简单句）拆分组合简单句：什么+怎么样（主语）（谓语）人/物动作/发生了什么事动词Verb谓语动词Sentenceelements按说话人说话的目的可分四种：1.陈述句DecalarativeSentence（肯定、否定）Heissixyearsold.Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2.疑问句InterrogativeSentence（一般、特殊、选择、反意）Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3.祈使句ImperativeSentence（用来表示建议、请求、命令等语气，由动词原形开头）Don’ttalkinclass.Hurryup,oryouwillbelate.4.感叹句ExclamatorySentenceHowclevertheboyis!PART05长难句分析——长难句分析长难句分析长难句分析长难句分析长难句分析长难句分析长难句分析长难句分析长难句分析长难句分析长难句分析长难句分析长难句分析

分析长难句即学即练长难句分析长难句分析【真题试做】——感悟高考中的语法一、句子成分1.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)So,whataretheylearning?_________(basic),

howtodescribeapanda’slife.It’sbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammedevelop

toseethepandassettleintotheirnewhome.Basicallyand2.(2023·全国乙卷)Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,

(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.3.(2023·浙江1月卷)Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby___________(space)homesandwalledgardens.Fartherfromthecenterlivedthecommonersandlaborers.meansspacious二、句子结构1.(2024·浙江1月卷)Eitheryourshoppingisthentooheavytocarryhome

youcan’tusewhatyou’veboughtwhileit’sstillfresh.2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chineseculturalelementscommemorating(纪念)TangXianzu,

isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia,”addaninternationalcharactertoStratford­-upon­-Avon,WilliamShakespeare’shometown.3.(2022·全国乙卷)The“FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative”issued(发布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperation

culturalexchanges.orwhoand考点针对训练Ⅰ.语法与教材

1.(人教必修一)Nomatterwhatyouwanttolearn,itisimportant____________(decide)onyourgoalbeforeyoumakeaplan.2.(外研必修一)Iwokeupearly

rushedoutofthedoorinmyeagernesstogettoknowmynewschool.3.(译林选必一)Icanpicturemybedroom

(decorate)withpostersofFabFoursmilingdownatme...

todecideanddecorated4.(人教选必一)AlbertEinstein...isoftenconsideredoneofthesmartestmen

everlived.5.(外研必修三)Itisstillnotknownifhe

(succeed)inreachingthetopofQomolangmabeforeittookhislife.6.(北师大选必一)We’rehard-wiredin,butwe’remoredisconnected______ever.7.(人教选必二)

wecansay,however,isthatcultureandcuisinegohandinhand,andifyoudonotexperienceone,youcanneverreallyknowtheother.who/thatsucceededWhatthan8.(译林选必二)Doesitannoyyoutoseecars

(block)theroadlikeweedswhenyouaretravelling?9.(译林选必三)

(spend)sometimeinthegymisofvitalimportancetoastronauts’health.10.(外研选必二)Buton

(reflect),Icanseehowmuchofmytimehadbeenoccupiedwithcheckingmyphone.blockingSpendingreflectionⅡ.语法与高考[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文章中介绍了自己和熔岩探险队一起攀登乞力马扎罗山的经历,并感激熔岩探险队成员对自己的帮助。IclimbedKilimanjarowithLavaExpeditions(探险队)duringtherainyseason.I1.____________(fly)toNairobiinKenyaandspentseveraldaysthere.AtmyhotelinNairobiImettherestofthegroupwithwhomIwouldspendthenextweek.Wealltravelledonthebustogetherfor2.____________8­-hourjourneyintoTanzaniaandthenArusha,aquietplace.flewanAfterwearrivedatourhotelinArusha,wehaddinnerandafewdrinks.Thenwe3.____________(introduce)tomoremembersincludingTaddeusMinja,themainguide,4.____________wasveryexperienced—climbingKilimanjarorunsinthegenerationsofhisfamily.wereintroducedwhoThenextdaytheLavaExpeditionsmemberscheckedifwehadthecorrectandenoughclothingforourexpeditiononKilimanjaro.Onlyonepersonneededtobring5.____________(many)clothes.moreAfterthatwesetoff,6.____________(walk)intherainthroughthebeautyoftherainforest,allthewaytothefirstcamp.Iwashappythenextfewdaysastheviewwasso7.____________(wonder)andchangedeveryday.IsufferedalittleduringthetripandIfeltsotired.ButthemembersofLavaExpeditionsprovidedmewithlotsofencouragement,whichwasoneofthebest8.____________(memory).FinallywereachedthetopofKilimanjaroinbrightblueskies.walkingwonderfulmemoriesIfeltexcitedaboutclimbingKilimanjaroandthefeelingdidn’tchangeduringmytrip.ThefellowmembersofLavaExpeditionslooked9.____________mes