2017-2018高中英语（外研版）选修六Module1PeriodThree

eriodThreeGrammar&Writing语法感知Ⅰ.课文原句感知1．Insomecountries，forexample，youhavetoarriveontimeataparty；inothercountries，youdon’tneedto(不必)．2．Inaddition，youneedtoknow(需要知道)howlongyoushouldstay，andwhenyouhavetoleave.3．Somehosflowersorasmallgift，butinotherplaces，youcantakethings，butyouneedn’t(不必)ifyoudon’twantto.Ⅱ.用didn’tneedtodo或needn’thavedone改写句子1．Thankyoufortellingmethenews，butIhavealreadyknownit.Youneedn’thavetoldmethenews.2．ThereisnoneedforJimtobuythedictionary.Jimdidn’tneedtobuythedictionary.3．Iwasgivenaticketforlastnight’sfilm，soIdidn’tbuyone.Ididn’tneedtobuyaticketforlastnight’sfilm.4．Itwasn’tnecessaryforhertopaysomuch.Sheneedn’thavepaidsomuch.5．Itwasunnecessaryforthemanagertodosuchthingshimself.Themanagerneedn’thavedonesuchthingshimself.语法精析need既可用作实义动词，也可用作情态动词。一、用作实义动词need用作实义动词时，和其他普通的实义动词一样，有时态、人称和数的变化，其否定式和疑问式要借助于动词do。常用搭配eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(needtodosth.有必要做某事,needtobedone＝needdoing需要被做))Theflowersneedeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(tobewatered.,watering.))花需要浇水了。Weneedtosetoffatonce.我们需要马上出发。Doesyourfatherneedanyhelp?你爸爸需要帮助吗？Theydon’tneedtowaterflowersanymore.他们不必再浇花了。[知识拓展]动词want，require(表示“需要”之意时)或形容词worth(值得的)后均可跟动词的­ing形式作宾语，用主动形式表达被动含义。Theideaisworthconsidering.这个主意值得考虑。[题组训练1](1)Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike，soitneedsrepairing/toberepaired(需要修理)．(2)句型转换Heneedn’tinvitemetodinner.→Hedoesn’tneedtoinvitemetodinner.(3)单句改错Ineedeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))goouttonight.二、用作情态动词need用作情态动词时，意思是“有必要”或“必须”，没有人称和数的变化，其后接动词原形，通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及if或whether引导的名词性从句中，一般不用于肯定句。变为否定句时只需在need之后加not；变为疑问句时只需将need提到主语的前面。Youneedn’tdoalltheseexercises.你不需要做所有的这些练习。Needhedoitallatonce?他需要立即做这一切吗？Needtheyhavedoneityesterday?这事他们需要昨天做吗？Doyouthinkyouneedtellheraboutit?你认为有必要告诉她这件事吗？IwonderifIneedbringmymosquitonet.不知我需不需要带蚊帐。三、didn’tneedtodo与needn’thavedone这两种结构都可以表示过去不必做某事，但didn’tneedtodo表示“没必要，实际上也没有做某事”；而needn’thavedone则表示“虽然没有必要，但实际上已经做了某事”。试比较下列句子：(1)Theydidn’tneedtodoitthemselves，sotheywenthomeinadvance.他们不需要自己去做，于是他们提前回家了。Therewasplentyoftime.HeneednTherewasplentyoftime.Heneedn’thavehurried.当时时间很充足，他本不必匆匆忙忙的。上面两句话中，(1)表明他们没必要自己做，实际上他们也没有自己做；(2)表明虽然他没必要匆匆忙忙，但实际上与之相反。[题组训练2]用所给动词的didn’tneedtodo，needn’thavedone形式填空(1)Ineedn’thavebooked(book)inadvance；therewereplentyofticketsleft.(2)Ididn’tneedtoring(ring)thebell，becausethedoorwasopenwhenIgottoit.(3)Wewenttothestationbytaxi.Butweneedn’thavedone(do)so；itwassonear.高考链接完成句子1．我喜欢周末，因为每逢周六、周日我不需要早起。Ilovetheweekend，becauseIneedn’tgetupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.(2016·北京)2．在来到新学校前我本不必担心，因为在新学校我的同学对我很友好。Ineedn’thaveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool，formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.(2015·天津)3．——我已经准备好了野餐要带的各种食物。——你的意思是我们不必带食物了吗？—I’vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.—Doyoumeanweneedn’tbringanythingwithus？(2014·湖南)4．我订购了一些披萨，因此当我们疲惫地回家后就没有必要担心做饭的事了。I’veorderedsomepizza，soweneedn’tworryaboutcookingwhenwegethometired.(2014·重庆)5．——你让索菲亚帮忙了吗？——我不需要——我自己就能做得很好。—DidyouaskSophiaforhelp?—Ididn’tneedto—Imanagedperfectlywellonmyown.(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ)6．我们已经有了一个好的开始，但是下一步还有更多的工作需要去做，以取得最后的成功。We’vehadagoodstart，bu，moreworkneedstobedone/doingtoachievethefinalsuccess.(2012·湖南)写作指导电子邮件(electronicmail)属于应用文，具有传统邮件所无法比拟的优势，它传递速度快、成本低，传送的信息内容丰富、形式多样。除此之外，它还可以加入各种音频和视频效果，使信件显得更加生动、有趣。电子邮件写作一般包括：发件人(From)、收件人(To)、抄送(Cc)、暗送(BlindCc)、主题(Subject)和正文()等几个部分。其中，抄送(Cc)是指在Cc一栏中输入其他人的电子邮件地址就可以将一封邮件同时发给多人。暗送(BlindCc)是指各收件人无法看到同样的信件都给了何人，从而有效地保护了写信人的隐私。主题(Subject)部分便于读信人即刻了解所收信件的内容。因此，主题部分要简洁、明了。电子邮件的正文()部分有称谓、正文和落款署名三个部分。正文部分一般使用非正式的文体，如果正文太长，则可以用附件的方式发送。如若对方知道自己的住址和电话号码资料，可用简单署名，如William；或“全名＋电子邮件地址”，如WilliamTang〈wtang@yahoo〉。用于正式的私人信件或商业信函时，除注明“全名＋电子邮件地址”外，还应包括“职务、公司名称、地址、联系方式”等内容。常用句式1．IhavereceivedyouremailofJuly20th.2．Howtimeflies！It’sthreemonthssinceIsawyoulast.3．Letmetellyousomethingaboutourarrangement.4．I’mwritingtoaskifyoucanenextweek.5．Pleaseremembermetoyourwholefamily.6．LookingforwardtoyournextvisittoChina.典题示例假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom上个月来到北京学习。七月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛(speechcontest)，你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给Tom写一封100词左右的电子邮件。1．询问Tom的生活和学习情况；2．谈谈你的困难并请Tom帮忙；3．告诉Tom你打算赛后去看他。写作步骤StepOne审题谋篇写作要求是根据提示写一封电子邮件。写作时应注意下面几点：1．确定文体：电子邮件属于应用文，包括称谓、正文和落款署名三个部分。写作中还应注意格式。2．主体时态：以一般现在时为主。3．主体人称：文章主要写自己在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到的困难，所以人称应该以第一人称为主。StepTwo联想词汇1．参加takepartin2．在……方面有困难havetrouble/difficultyin...3．不擅长……bepoorin...4．帮某人一个忙dosb.afavour5．拜访某人callonsb.StepThree句式升级1.自从你来到北京已经一个月了。(1)ItisamonthsinceyoucametoBeijing.(Itbe＋时间段＋since从句)(2)ItisamonthagothatyoucametoBeijing.(强调句型)2.最使我担忧的是我在资料搜集和语言运用方面有困难。(1)MybiggestworryisthetroubleIhaveincollectinginformationandusinglanguage.(定语从句)(2)WhatworriesmealotisthatIamreallyhavingtroubleincollectinginformationandusinglanguage.(主语从句＋表语从句)3．如果你能就如何解决这些问题给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。(1)Iwouldbeverygratefulifyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtosolvetheseproblems.(grateful)(2)Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtosolvetheseproblems.(it作形式宾语)StepFour连句成篇DearTom，Haven’tseenyouforalongtimesincewepartedlasttimeanditisamonthsinceyoucametoBeijing.Howareyougettingonwitheverything?NextmonthIwillgotoBeijingtotakepartinthestudents’Englishspeechcontest.WhatworriesmealotisthatIamreallyhavingtroubleincollectinginformationandusinglanguage.Forme，itiseasytorememberthegrammarbutIampoorinputtingitintopractice.Wouldyoupleasedomeafavour？Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldgivemesomeadviceonhowtosolvetheseproblems.Bytheway，Iwillcallonyouafterthispetition.I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourstruly，LiHuaⅠ.单元语法A．用所给动词的正确形式填空1．Themachineissooldthatitneedsrepairing/toberepaired(repair)．2．Expertshavenodoubtthatthenumberofchildrenneeding(need)helpisincreasing.3．Ineedn’thavebought(buy)somuchwine—onlyfivepeoplecame.4．Ididn’tneedtogo(go)totheofficeyesterdaysoIwentshoppingwithmymother.5．Youneedn’te(e)ifyouarebusy.B．完成句子6．我们需要等他，是吗？Weneedtowaitforhim，don’twe?7．因为昨天你工作到很晚，所以今天早晨你本不必来。Asyouworkedlateyesterday，youneedn’thaveethismorning.8．他现在必须做这项测验吗？Needhedothistestnow?9．那时我决心去需要我的任何地方。IwasdeterminedtogowhereverIwasneededatthattime.10．随着私家车的普及，道路状况需要改善。Withthepopularityofprivatecars，roadconditionsneedimproving/tobeimproved.Ⅱ.阅读理解A(2017·安徽六安一中高二上期中)Tobesuccessfulinanyaspectoflife，youneedtoknowwhentousethecarrotorthestick.Hereareafewtipstohelpyoudecidewhetherit’sbettertousethecarrotorthestick.WiththekidsThecarrotWhenitestoraisingakid，thecarrotorthestickdilemmaisquicklydisappearingastoomanyparentstakethecarrotapproachreme.Inchildraising，thecarrotshouldneverbematerialisticthings.Ifyouwanttoaskforgoodbehaviorwithareward，itshouldbewithsomethingthatcan’tbebought，say，trust.ThestickNowadays，noonelikestousethestickanymore，orinmyfather’scase，thebelt.I’mnotoverlookingchildabuse，ifyoueverwanttocallitthat，butIamencouragingparentstotoughenupabit.Youdon’twantyourkidtotestyourlimitsonlytofindouthecangetawaywithit.Ifyouwanttoraiseakid，raisethehandandlethimknowitesdownonthesecondoffense.AttheofficeThecarrotPeopleneedencouragementandmotivationtoperformwell.However，thecarrotonlyreallyworkswellwithemployeeswhohavealreadyprovedthemselves.Ifyou’vegotsomeonewhocan’tshowupattheofficebeforenoon，thepromiseofaraiseisn’tgoingtodomuch.Onthecontrary，ifthere’saguywithagoodworkmoral，he’llthrive(growstronger)whenyouaddapromotiontothepicture.ThestickWhenconsideringthecarrotorthestickintheoffice，rememberthat，overall，thestickisthemorepracticalmethodintheoffice.Awiseman，whojusthappenedtobeanItalianoncesaid，“It’sbesttobebothlovedandfeared.”It’snicetohaveeveryoneloveyou，butrunningabusinessisn’tlikerunningafamily.Youneedtohavethestickconstantlyraised.WiththewifeThecarrotWhenitestomarriage，alwaysusethecarrot.I’vehadalovelymarriageformanyyears，andI’vealwaysstucktothecarrotapproach.Sometimesyoucatchmoreflieswithhoney，andsometimesit’sthecrackofawhip(鞭子)thatgetsthehorsemoving.Trynottousetoomanysticksathome；thecarrotismuchmorefun.11．Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A．TheCarrotortheStick?B．TheIntroductiontotheCarrotandtheStickC．TipsintheDailyLifeD．TheAdvantagesoftheCarrotandtheStick答案A解析标题归纳题。根据第一段内容可判断出，本文主要给出了一些在什么时候应该使用“胡萝卜”(即奖励)和“大棒”(即惩罚)的建议。A项意为“胡萝卜还是大棒？”，体现了本文的中心，适合作标题。故选A。12．Inkidsraising，theauthorprefers.A．thecarrotapproachB．thestickapproachC．boththecarrotapproachandthestickapproachD．neitherthecarrotapproachnorthestickapproach答案B解析推理判断题。根据Withthekids标题下的Thestick中的“...butIamencouragingparentstotoughenupabit”和“Ifyouwanttoraiseakid，raisethehandandlethimknowitesdownonthesecondoffense.”可判断出，在养育孩子这方面，作者更喜欢对孩子严厉一些，使用“大棒”。故选B。13．Whichdoyouthinkisthebesttobeagoodbossattheoffice?A．Alwaysusingcarrots.B．Eatingalotofcarrots.C．Beingbothlovedandfeared.D．Usingtoomanysticks.答案C解析细节理解题。根据Attheoffice小标题下的Thestick中的“Awiseman，whojusthappenedtobeanItalianoncesaid，‘It’sbesttobebothlovedandfeared.’”可知，作为一名称职的老板，最好能软硬兼施，既让员工喜爱又能让员工畏惧。故选C。14．WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Theauthoroftengivesmorecarrotstohiswifetoeatathome.B．Thecarrotismuchmorefunwhenitestomarriage.C．Ondifferentoccasions，thecarrotorthestickiseffective.D．Youneedthesticktogetyourhorsestomovefasteroccasionally.答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章内容可判断出，作者所说的“胡萝卜”并不是真正的胡萝卜，而是对他人的奖励、甜言蜜语等，所以A项“在家里，作者经常给他妻子很多胡萝卜让她吃”是错误的。故选A。BAreyouanintrovert(内向的人)oranextrovert?Beforeyousayyouareeitherone，youshouldknowthatthereisathirdoption.AccordingtoarecentarticleinTheWallStreetJournal，expertssaythere’samiddlegroundbetweenthetwopersonalitytypes—peoplewhotheycall“ambiverts(中间性格者)”．Introvertsdon’tlikecrowdsandenjoykeepingtheirthoughtstothemselves，whileextroverts，ontheotherhand，likemeetingnewpeopleandbeingthecenterofattention.Ambiverts，asthenamesuggests，havebothintrovertedandextrovertedcharacteristics.Butneithersetofcharacteristicsispletelyincontrol.Asaresult，theycanmovebetweenbeingsocialandbeingalonewithgreaterease(轻松)thaneirovertsorintroverts.Forexample，ambivertsoftenenjoyotherpeople’spany.Butafteralongdayofhardwork，theysometimesprefertoreadabookorwatchaTVseriesathomealone.“Itislikethey’rebilingual，”DanielPink，thehostofCrowdControl，aUSTVseriesonhumanbehavior，toldTheWallStreetJournal.“TheyhaveawiderrangeofskillsandcanconnectwithawiderrangeofpeopleinthesamewaysomeonewhospeaksEnglishandSpanishcan.”Ambivertshavegottenmoreattentioninrecentyears，thankstobooks，alksandconsulting(咨询的)firmsfocusingonhowpersonalitytraits(特征)changepeople’sbehaviorinrelationshipsandcareers.Infact，roughlytwo­thirdsofpeopleintheUSareambiverts，accordingtoapersonalitysurveydonebyAdamM．Grant，aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofPennsylvania’sWhartonSchool.Grantbelievesambiversiontakesgoodpartsfromintroversionandextroversion.“Theambivertadvantageesfrombeingenthusiasticenoughtopersuade，butatthesametime，listeningcarefullytoothersandavoidingseemingoverlyconfidened，”hetoldForbesmagazine.Buthealsopointsoutthatunlikeextrovertsandintrovertswhotendtoknowwhatgivesthemenergy，ambivertscansometimesgetstuck.Theyareoftenunsurewhichsideoftheirpersonalityshouldleadinagivensituation.15．Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A．Differencesbetweenintrovertsandextroverts.B．Whyambivertshavegottenmoreattentionrecently.C．Characteristicsandadvantagesofambiverts.D．Howpersonalitytraitschangepeople’sbehavior.答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文和第二段可知，文章主要介绍了中间性格者(ambiverts)这个人群的特征和优点。故选C。16．Theunderlinedword“bilingual”inParagraph5probablymeans“”．A．abletospeaktwolanguagesequallywellB．alwaysreadytohelpthoseinneedC．abletoadapttoanewenvironmentwellD．goodatdrawingattentionfromthecrowd答案A解析词义猜测题。根据下文中的“TheyhaveawiderrangeofskillsandcanconnectwithawiderrangeofpeopleinthesamewaysomeonewhospeaksEnglishandSpanishcan.”可知，bilingual指的是熟练掌握两种语言的人。故选A。17．WhatadvantagedoesGrantthinkambivertshaveoverintrovertsandextroverts?A．Theyknowwhatgivesthemenergy.B．Theyseemmoreenthusiasticandconfident.C．Theyhavemorebalancedpersonalities.D．Theycandealwithagivensituationbetter.答案C解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Theambivertadvantageesfrombeingenthusiasticenoughtopersuade，butatthesametime，listeningcarefullytoothersandavoidingseemingoverlyconfidened...”可以推断出，Grant认为中间性格者的积极性和冷静性相互平衡，这就是他们的优点。故选C。Ⅲ.语法填空(2017·河南新乡延津一中高二上月考)Wereyouthefirstorthelastchildinyourfamily?Orwereyouamiddleoranonlychild?Somepeoplethink18.itmatterswhereyouwereborninyourfamily.Buttherearedifferentideasaboutwhatbirthordermeans.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,19.whoaresmartandstrong­willed，areverylikely20.tosucceed(succeed)．Thereason21.forthisissimple.Parentshavealotoftimefortheirfirstchildandgivehimorheralotofattention.Anonlychildwillsucceedfor22.thesamereason.Whathappenstothe23.otherchildreninthefamily?Middlechildrendon’tgetsomuchattention，sotheydon’tfeelthatimportant.Ifafamilyhasmanychildren，themiddleonesometimesgetslostinthecrowd.Theyoungestchild,24.however/though，oftengetsspecialtreatment.Oftenthischildgrowsuptobefunny.Butarecentstudysawthingsquite25.differently(difference)．Thestudyfoundthatfirstchildrenbelievedinfamilyrules.Theydidn’ttakemanychancesin26.theirlives.Theyusually27.followed(follow)orders.Rulesdidn’tmeanasmuchtolaterchildreninthefamily.Theytookchancesandtheyoftendidbetterinlife.Ⅳ.短文改错April23rdisWorldReadingDay，thisremindsusoftheimportanceofreading.Wearesupposedtoreadmoreinthatspecialday.Butthesituationforwetoreadnowadaysisnotsatisfying.Forexample，whenweareathome，wewouldrathertowatchTVorgoontheInternetthanreadbooks.Asaresult，wespendsuchlittletimeonbooks.However，readingbookshavemanyadvantages.Notonlycanourabilitiesandskillsbeimproving，butalsowecangetsomeinformationfromreading.Beside，readingcanbringushappiness.Ithinkitgoodhabitthatinoursparetimeswereadmorebooksofgreatuse.答案April23rdisWorldReadingDay，eq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(and))或eq\f(this,which)remindsusoftheimportanceofreading.Wearesupposedtoreadmoreeq\f(in,on