大学英语四级模拟试卷179

大学英语四级模拟试卷179

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Forthispari,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetitleShould

OlympicAthletesGetHighSalaries.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingthe

outlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.雅典奥运会后，关于获奖运动员高薪的问题引起了

社会各界的广泛关注2.有些人支持这种做法，认为运动员们付出很多，应赢得高额

回报；有些人则持反对意见3.我的观点

标准答案：ShouldOlympicAthleteGetHighSalariesAftertheOlympicGamein

Athens,Greece,thetopicofwhetheritisfairforathletestopocketlargesumsofmoney

fromtheirOlympicparticipationisarousingmoreandmoreinterestfromthepublic.

Thosewhosupporthighsalariesfbrtheseathletesmayoffersomeofthefollowing

masons.Firstly,justastheoldsayinggoes,"nopain,nogain."Theathletesinthe

OlympicGamemusthaveundergonepainstakingphysicalandpsychologicaltraining.It

naturallyfollowsthatiheydeservecommensuratecompensationfbrthesesacrifices.

What'smore,theymakesignificantcontributiontoaninternationalreputationfbrtheir

homecountries.Thisgivesthemyetanotherreasontodeservemonetarycompensationin

additiontotheadvantagesalreadyofferedthem.Themainreasonthatthenaysayersoften

haveisthattheydolittletoboostthenationaleconomydirectly,andthusshouldnot

receivecompensationofthemonetarykind.Eventhenaysayersadmit,however,that

theseathletesdoofferalotofpositiveencouragementtoyoungpeopleinpersuading

themtoparticipateinphysicalactivity.Asforme,Isidewiththesupportersofgreater

compensationforOlympicathletes.Themorewegive,themorewedeservetohave.On

accountofallthetimeandenergytheyspendinrigoroustraining,Ifirmlybelievethat

theyshouldgethighsalaries.

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共70

分。）

OriginsofaPlagueSomegaybashersbelieveitisGod'swayofpunishing

homosexuals（同性恋）.SomeAfricanssuspectitisjustanotherofthewhiteman's

weaponsofgenocide（种族灭绝）.Othershavesuggestedthatitwashatchedina

biologicalweaponslaboratory.Therehasbeennoshortageoftheoriesabouttheoriginsof

thevirusthatcausedthecurrentworldwideAIDSepidemic,butmosthaverangedfrom

trulybizarretoscientificallyimplausibleatbest.Scientistsweredrawnintothebattle

earlierthismonth,whenanarticleinRollingStonemagazinecontendedthattheAIDS

epidemicwassparked30yearsagobyapolio（小儿麻痹症）vaccine（疫苗），whichv/as

accidentallycontaminatedwithamonkeyvirus.Thecontroversialideahadbeen

completelydismissedbymostscientistsassimplisticandunprovablc,butitdocsreveal

onemajorpointofconsensus:Africanmonkeysarealmostcertainlythesourceofthe

deadlyvirus.Justhowthevirusmadetheleapfromitssimian（猴类的）hosttopeopleis

stillbeinghotlydebated,however,andthemorelikelyexplanationsarefarmore

complex,involvingshiftsinAfricansocietythatturnedanisolateddiseaseintoaplague.

Thepoliovaccinetheorywasactuallyfirstproposedina1988editorialinChildand

Family,byHerbertRatner,aformerpublichealthofficerinIllinois.Butthestorybegins

inthemid1950swithHilaryKoprowski,formerdirectoroftheWistarInstitutein

Philadelphis,who,likehiscolleaguesJonasSalkandAlbertSabin,wasracingtoproduce

thevaccinethatwouldprotecttheworldagainstthescourge（折磨）ofpolio.Accordingto

thescenariopaintedinRollingStone,batchesofKoprowski'svaccinewere

inadverlenlly（不〃、心'地）contaminatedwithasimianAIDSvirus.UnlikeSalk*svaccine,

whichcontainedpoliovirusthathadbeenkilledwithformaldehyde,Koprowskiand

Sabincreatedtheirvaccinesfromaweakenedstrainofpoliovirusthatwouldinvoke

immunitybutwastooweaktocausedisease.SabinandKoprowskimanufacturedtheir

vaccinesbyculturingthisweakenedstrainofpoliovirusonmonkey,kidneys,afertile

mediumforthemicrobe（微生物）andsupposedlythesourceofthesimianAIDSvirus,

nowcalledSIV.Suchaccidentalcontaminationisnotasfarfetchedasitmightseem.

Between1954and1963,anestimated10millionto30millionAmericanswere

inadvertentlyinfectedwithSV40,anapparentlyharmlessmonkeyvirusborneasasilent

passengerbybothSalk'sandSabin'spoliovaccines.SV40wasnotdiscovereduntil1961,

andtheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationhassinceactedtoensureagainstsimilar

contamination.Vaccineculturesarenowcarefullyscreenedforallmannerofviral

contaminations.NorisitimplausiblethathumanAIDScamefrommonkey.Researchers

gottheirfirsthintofthispossibilityinthemid1980s,whenitwasdiscoveredthatagroup

ofAsianmonkeysusedfbrbiomedicalresearchhadfallenillwithaviruspickedupfrom

othermonkeyscaughtfromAfrica.ThegermturnedouttobeSIV,andsubsequent

researchshowedthatinthewildatleastsixspeciesofAfricanmonkeyscarrytheirown

strainofthevirus.ItdoesnotmaketheAfricanmonkeyssick,butitproveddeadlyto

Asianmonkeys.ThoughresearchersinitiallyresistedtheideathathumanAIDSalso

camefromAfricanmonkeys,thatfactnowseemswellestablished.Laterlastyear,

molecular（分子）virologistsBeatriceHahnandGeorgeShawoftheUniversityof

Alabamapresentedconvincingevidencethatthesimianvirus.thatinfectssooty（似煤烟

般黑的）mangabey,atypeofmonkeyfoundinWestAfrica,carriesvirtuallythesame

geneticmaterialasHIV2,oneofthetwostrainsofhumanAIDSvirus.Thisfinding,says

Shaw,providesdirectevidencethatAIDSoriginatedinmonkeys.IftheAIDSvirusdid

infecthumansthroughapoliovaccine,Koprowski'sisthemostlikelycandidate.The

Sabinvaccinewasgivenmostoftenonasugarcube,andthedelicateviruscouldnever

havesurvivedtheexposuretoairandstomachacid.ButKoprowski'svaccinewas

squirted（喷射）intopeople'smouths,amethodthatcouldtheoreticallygivetheAIDS

virustimetoenterthebloodstreamthroughcutsinthemouth.Moreover,Koprowski

testedhisvaccineonahugenumberofpeople:atleast200000ruralAfricansin1957,

mostoftheminwhatwasthenknownastheBelgianCongo,whichispreciselythe

regionofAfricawheretheratesofAIDSinfectionaresoaring.Whilescientistsconcede

theideaisconceivable,theywantscientificproof,andevidencefromoneexperiment

alreadycompletedweakensthetheoryratherthanstrengtheningit.Fiveyearsago,Gerald

Quinnan,avirologistwiththeFoodandDrugAdministration,triedrepeatedlytoget

simianAIDSvirustogrowinmonkeykidneycellsunderthesameconditionsusedto

culturethepoliovirus;everyattemptfailed.Tocompletelydismissorconfirmthetheory,

however,scientistssaythattheoriginalvaccineshouldbetestedforthepresenceofthe

AIDSvirus,providinganyvials（小药瓶）ofitsurvived.ButwhileRollingStonereports

thatKoprowskisaidtherewerevialsinthefreezeratWisarInstitute,theinstitutedenies

it.Thepoliovaccinetheoryiscertainlynotthefirstattempttoexplaintheoriginof

AIDS,norisittheoddestLastfall,aBritishclinicianunearthedrecordsofexperiments

conductedbetween1922and1966,inwhichresearchersinjectedchimpanzeeandmonkey

bloodintoapproximately40humanvolunteersinandefforttoimmunizethemagainst

malaria.Unfortunately,norecordsexisttotrackdownthevolunteers,andnoblood

samplesremaintocheckfbrthesimianAIDSvirus.Themostcompellingexplanationf6r

thespreadoftheAIDSvirusisculturalaswellasbiological.Theactualtransferofthe

virusfrommonkeytomanmayhaveinvolvedsomethingasboringasamonkeybiteora

monkeyhunter'scutonthehandwhilebutcheringhisprey.Someexpertsbelievethat

AIDSmighthavediedoutwiththathunter,orperhapswithhisisolatedvillage,had

profoundculturalchangesnotcometoAfrica.Overthelast30years,thepopulationof

subSaharanAfrica,theregionhardesthitbyAIDS,becameincreasinglyurban.In1965,5

percentofTanzanianslivedinciiies;by1987,iiwas29percent.Kinshasa,Zaire,swelled

fromatownof400,000in1960toamegalopolisof4million.AtthesametimeAIDS

explodedinthecities,largelythroughheterosexualcontact.AsintheUnitedStates,

infectionratesappearfarhigherinAfricancitiesthaninruralareas.AccordingtoGerald

Myers,amolecularbiologistatLosAlamosNationalLaboratorywhostudiesthe

evolutionoftheAIDSvirus,bothstrainsofHIVareapproximately40yearsold.That

placesthemostrecenttransferfrommonkeytomanshortlybeforetheperiodof

widespreadurbandevelopment.Aswiththehistoryofmostplagues,tracingtheprecise

movementsoftheAIDSvirusthroughvariouspopulationsisexceedinglydifficult.No

oneknowsforcertainwhetherthevirusgrewtoepidemicproportionsinruralareasorin

thecities,wherethesoaringrateswerefirstidentified.Besides,saysDavidHeymann,

chiefoftheglobalAIDSprogramoftheWorldHealthOrganizationinGeneva,"The

originofAIDSisnottherealproblem;therealproblemiswherethediseaseisgoing.11

Scientistsmaybreatheasighofreliefwhentheycanruleoutthepoliovaccine,butinthe

endwemayneverknowthewholestoryofhowAIDSbegan.

2、ThewriterofthearticlefeelsthatthetheoriesofanAIDStransferfrommonkeyto

manarejustascrazyasmanyothertheories.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第二段的中间有这样一句话“…butitdocsrevealonemajorpointof

consensus:Africanmonkeysarealmostcertainlythesourceofthedeadlyvirus."，也就

是说“艾滋病是由猴子传染给人的”已是一个公认的事实，而且作者也相信这一点。

所以这句话是错误的。

3、TheAIDSvirusisverydelicateandcanbekilledbybeingexposedtoairorstomach

acid.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句符合原文第八段第二句话。

4、TheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationhasactedagainstsimilarcontamination

incidentslikelliatinvolvingSV40outoffearofawiderspreadofAIDS.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本句可对应原文第五段最后一句话。虽然这句话告诉我们，美国的食

品与药品协会是从1961年发现SV40病毒后才对实验室中疫苗的培养条件有了严

格的要求。但这个决定的起源来自于“Sabin和Koprowski在培养小儿麻痹症疫苗时

无意中导致疫苗被污染”这个事实。同时，SV40也是他们这个事件的副产品。所以

这句话是错误的”

5、TheAIDSepidemicisworseinAmericancitiesthaninAfricancities.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点词析：文章没有对这两个国家的城市中的艾滋病感染状况进行比较。

6、Someexpertsbelievethat,ifnotfortheculturalchangesthatAfricahasexperienced,

theAIDSviruswouldnothavespreadtoitspresentextent.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本句符合文章第十二段第一句话，同时，这一段的第三句话用虚拟语

气的句式说明了“如果不是文化方面的原因，艾滋病可能已经消失了”。

7、SomeruralAfricanwereinfectedwithAIDSbecausetheyweregiveninjectionsof

Koprowski\vaccine.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从原文第八段中可知，这两个人的疫苗都不是通过注射来接种的，所

以这句话不对。

8、AmongthetheoriestoexplaintheoriginofAIDS,thepoliovaccinetheory,inthe

opinionoftheauthorofthearticle,seemstobethemostplausibleone.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这道题的答案同样来自第八段，在笫一句话中，作者就告诉我们

Koprowski'sisthemostlikelycandidate,接下来，作者还提出了两个证据来证明这

个观点。所以这句话符合原文的意思。

9、SabinandKoprowskicreatedtheirvaccinesbyculturingastrainofpolioviruson

monkeykidneys,supposedlythesourceof,nowcalledSIV.

标准答案:thesimianAIDSvirus

知识点解析：本句答案来自第四段的最后一行。

10>wasnotdiscovereduntil1961,andtheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration

hassinceactedtoensureagainstsimilarcontaminations.

标准答案：SV40

知识点解析：根据年代1961回原文定位，可在第五段的中间找到答案。

11、TheSabinvaccinewasgivenmostoftenon,butKoprowski'svaccinewas

squirtedintopeople'smouths.

标准答案：asugarcube

知识点解析：本句答案来自第八段的第二句话。

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题分，共8分°）

12、

A、Hercousiniscomingtothebarbecuetoo.

Themanshouldbringhiscousintothebarbecue.

C、Thebarbecueisgoingtobeverycrowded.

D、She'ssorrythemancan'tcometothebarbecue.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A^Beforeeconomics.

B、Inaboutanhour.

C、Thenextday.

D、Duringeconomicsclass.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、

A、Sheneedsmoretimetofinishthereport.

B、Shehasn'tincludedanydatainherreport.

C、Sheforgotwhenthereportwasdue.

D、She'dlikethemantohelpherwiththereport.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

A^OnThursdaynight.

B、OnFridaymorning.

C>OnMondaynight.

D^OnThursdaymorning.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A、Hewantstoknowwhichscarfthewomanchose.

B、Hewantstoknowwhatcolorthejacketis.

C>Hethinksheselectedanicescarf.

D、Hethinksanycolorwouldgowellwiththejacket.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A^Todowhateverthecommitteeaskshimto.

B、Tomakedecisioninagreementwiththecommittee.

C、Torunthecommitteehisway.

D、Tomakehimselfthecommitteechairman.

标准答案.C

知识点而析：暂无解析

18、

A、Marylearnedsomebudnews.

B、Marydoesn'tlikelettersfromhome.

C、Marydoesn'tliketogohome.

D、Maryisillandlooksunhappy.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A^Awriter.

B、Alawyer.

C、Areporter.

D、Ateacher.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共7题，每题1.0

分,共7分。）

20、

A、Theydevotealotoftimetotheoreticalproblems.

B、Theyspendmostoftheirtimelookingthroughtelescopes.

C^Theyareconstantlyanalyzingdata.

D、Theyoftenlivenearobservatories.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、

A、Thenaturalcolorsofastronomicalobjectscanbecaptured.

Thecostofequipmentneededisreduced.

C、Fewerdataneedtobeanalyzed.

D、Theimagescanbestudiedbydifferentastronomers.

标准必:冤.D

知识"解扁暂无解析

22、

A、Toovercometheproblemofweaklight.

B>Totakemorephotographs.

C、Tophotographastronomicalobjectswithoutusingatelescope.

D、Tospendlesstimeattheirtelescopes.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、

A、Becauseitwastooheavy.

B、Becauseitdidnotbendeasily.

C、Becauseitdidnotshootfar.

D、Becauseitsstringwasshort.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、

A、Sheiswaitingfortheman.

B、Sheiswaitingforhermother.

C、Sheiswaitingforabus.

D、Sheiswaitingforittostopraining.

标准答案：C」「

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、

A、Cold.

B、Veryhot.

C>Drierthantheweatheronthedayofthisconversation.

D、Coolerthantheweatheronthedayofthisconversation.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

26、

A、Everytenminutes.

Attwentytoone.

C、Everyhalfhour.

D、Onceaday.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分,共4分。）

27、

A、Thebenefitsofstrongbusinesscompetition.

B、Aproposaltolowerthecostofproduction.

C、Complaintsabouttheexpenseofmodernization.

D、Suggestionsconcerningnewbusinessstrategies.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

28、

A、Itcostmuchmorethanitsworth.

B>Itshouldbebroughtuptodate.

C>Itcallsforimmediaterepairs.

D^Itcanstillbeusedforalongtime.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、

A、Thepersonnelmanagershouldbefiredforinefficiency.

Afewengineersshouldbeemployedtomodernizethefactory.

C、Ihcentirestaffshouldberetrained.

D、Bettereducatedemployeesshouldbepromoted.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

30、

A^TheircompetitorshavelongbeenadvertisingonTV.

B、TVcommercialsarclessexpensive.

C、Advertisinginnewspapersaloneisnotsufficient.

D、TVcommercialsattractmoreinvestments.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

六、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分，共4分。）

31、

A、Howbirds'nestshaveevolved.

B、Whysomebirds'nestsamconsideredprimitive.

C、Howbirdslearntobuildnests.

D、Whybirdslayeggs.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、

A、Theybegantolayeggs.

B、Theychangedtheirmigrationpatterns.

C、Theirflyingabilityimprovedgreatly.

D、Theybecomewarmblooded.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

33、

A^Onthehighestbranchesoftrees.

B、Insidetreetrunks.

C、Ontheground.

D、Incoldplaces.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、

A、inordertoelevatetheirnests.

B、Inordertolivemorecomfortably.

C^Inordertoavoidpredators.

D、Inordertomakeincubationeasier.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

七、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题7.0分，共

〃分。）

Sleepispartofaperson'sdailyactivitycycle.Thereareseveraldifferentstagesofsleep,

andtheytoo[Bl]incycles.Ifyouarean[B2]sleeper,yoursleep

cycleisasfollows.Whenyoufirstfallintoslumber（安睡）,youreyeswill[B3]

aboutabit,yourtemperaturewilldrop[B4],yourmuscleswillrelax,

andyourbreathingisslowandbecomesquite[B5].Yourbrainwavesslow

downabittoo.Thisiscalledstageonesleep.Forthenexthalfhourorse,asyourelax

moreandmore,youwill[B6]downthroughstagetwoandstagethreesleep.

Theloweryourstageofsleep,thesloweryourbrainwaveswillbe.Thenabout40to60

minutesafteryoulose[B7]youwillhavereachedthe[B8]sleepof

all.Thisisstagefoursleep.[B9]butinsteadabout80minutesafteryoufallinto

slumber,yourbrainactivitylevelwillincreaseagainslightly.[BIO]Thisperiod

ofrapideyemovementlastsforsome8to15minutesandiscalledREMsleep.Itis

duringREMsleepperiodthat[B11].

35、[Bl]

标准答案:occur

知识点解析：前句提到睡眠是人每天行为的循环过程，又提到不同的睡眠也出现在

循环中，再根据录音，所以Occur正确。

36、[B2]

标准答案：average

知识点解析：这里需要一个形容词，后面唾眠者，所以“普通的”更合适一些，再根

据听音，average合适。

37、[B3]

标准答案：roll

知识点解析：人们在晚上睡觉时，眼睛是上下滚动的，同时通过听音知道roll是正

确的，

38、[B4]

标准答案：slightly

知识点解析：这里需要一个副词，体温下降的程度，人在夜间，体温应该是稍微下

降,再听录音,知道slightly。

39、[B5]

标准答案：regular

知识点解析：前面说呼吸减慢，变得十分……，应该填一个形容词，“有规律的”更

合适，所以是regular。

40、[B6]

标准答案：drift

知识点解析：这里应该用一个动词，和down搭配，还要表达过渡到第二、三阶

段，再根据听音，所以是drift。

41、[B7]

标准答案：consciousness

知识点解析：这句话是失去意识的意思，然后进入深层睡眠，根据听音，为

consciousness“意识

42、[B8]

标准答案：deepest

知识点解析：前面说进入探层睡眠，这是第四个步骤.

43、[B9]

标准答案：Youdonotremainatthisdeepfourthstageallnightlong

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、[BIO]

标准答案：Youreyeswillbegintodartaroundunderyourclosedeyelidsasifyouwere

lookingatsomethingoccurringinfrontofyou

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、[Bll]

标准答案：yourbodywillsoonrelaxagain,yourbreathingwillgrowslowoncemore,

andyouwillslipgentlybackfromstageonetostagefoursleep

知识点解析：暂无解析

八、阅读（选词填空）（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共

10分。）

HongKong'sEnglishnameis[SI]fromtwoChinesecharacters,Heungand

Gong,usuallytranslated[S2]"FragrantHarbor".[S3]itwasonlythe

nameofasmallsettlementnearAberdeen,themainfishingandcntrcp6tportonHong

KongIslandmanyyearsago.Somehistorians[S4]thatHongKong'sChinese

namewasinspiredbyitsexportoffragrantincense.TheexplanationforKowloon'sname

isevenmore[S5].InChinese,thepeninsula'snameis"KowLung",meaning

"NineDragons1'.Thenameisthoughttohavebeen[S61byEmperorPingof

SungDynasty,whosecourtfledtoHongKongeightcenturiesago.Heissaidtohave

countedeightmountainsinthearea,anddecidedtonameit"EightDragons"（in[S7]

withthebeliefthateverymountainisinhabitedbyadragon.TheEmperor'stally

ofthepeakswascorrectedbyaquickwittedcourtierwho[S8]outthatas

emperorswerealsobelievedtobedragons,theplacewasreally,'*NineDragons"一King

beingtheninth.TheoriginofKowloon'snamemaybea[S9],butitisa

historicalfactthattheemperor'stravelingpalacestayedthere.Oneancientcarvedrock

inscriptionrecordingtheimperialvisit[S10]inasmallparkoiltheveryedgeof

HongKongInternationalAirport.ApointedBstandsCforDaccordingElegendF

originallyGderivedHaccordanceIdeprivedJinterestingKdreamLsuggestMgivenN

orderOas

46、[SI]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、[S2]

标准答案：O

知识点解析：暂无解析

48、[S3]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

49、[S4]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：暂无解析

50、[S5]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：暂无解析

51、[S6]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：暂无解析

52、[S7]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：暂无解析

53>[S8]

标准答案：A

知识点解析；暂无解析

54、[S9]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：暂无解析

55、[S10]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共10题，每题1.0

分,共10分。）

Leaddeposits,whichaccumulatedinsoilandsnowduringthe1960'sand70's,were

primarilytheresultofleadedgasolineemissionsoriginatingintheUnitedStates.In（he

twentyyearsthattheCleanAirActhasmandatedunleadedgasuseintheUnitedStates,

theleadaccumulationworldwidehasdecreasedsignificantly.Astudypublishedrecently

inthejournalNatureshowsthatairborneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStates

weretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland.

ThenewstudyisaresultofthecontinuedresearchledbyDr.CharlesBoutron,anexpert

ontheimpactofheavymetalsontheenvironmentattheNationalCenterforScientific

ResearchinFrance.AstudybyDr.Boutronpublishedin1991showedthatleadlevelsin

arctic（北极的）snowweredeclining.Inhisnewstudy.Dr.Boutronfoundtheratiosof

thedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolineusedintheUnitedStatesweredifferent

fromtheratiosofEuropean,AsianandCanadiangasolineandthusenablescientiststo

differentiate（分区）theleadsources.ThedominantleadratiofoundinGreenlandsnow

matchedthatfoundingasolinefromtheUnitedStates.Inastudypublishedinthejournal

Ambio,scientistsfoundthatleadlevelsinsoilintheNortheasternUnitedStateshad

decreasedmarkedlysincetheintroductionofunleadedgasoline.Manyscientistshad

believedthattheleadwouldstayinsoilandsnowforalongerperiod.Theauthorsofthe

Ambiostudyexaminedsamplesoftheupperlayersofsoiltakenfromthesamesitesof

30forestfloorsinNewEngland,NewYorkandPennsylvaniain1980andin1990.The

forestenvironmentprocessedandredistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshad

expected.Scientistssaybothstudiesdemonstratethatcertainpartsoftheecosystem（生态

系统）respondrapidlytoreductionsinatmosphericpollution,butthatthesefindings

shouldnotbeusedasalicensetopollute.

56>ThestudypublishedinthejournalNatureindicatesthat.

A、theCleanAirActhasnotproducedthedesiredresults

B、leaddepositsinarcticsnowareontheincrease

C>leadwillstayinsoilandsnowlongerthanexpected

D、theUSisthemajorsourceofleadpollutioninarcticsnow

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节判断题。根据第二段第一句"Astudypublishedrecentlyinthe

journalNatureshowsthatairborneleadedgasemissionfromtheUnitedStateswerethe

leadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland.”选项D）

应为正确答案。

57、Leadaccumulationworldwidedecreasedsignificantlyaftertheuseofunleadedgas

intheUS.

A、wasdiscouraged

B、wasenforcedbylaw

C^wasprohibitedbylaw

D、wasintroduced

标准答案：B

知识点解析：词汇理解题。本题题干对应与原文第一段最后一句话，这道题目其实

是考查大家对mandate一词的理解，即根据上下文猜词的能力。理解了mandale一

词的意思是“颁布，批准''后，整句话的意思就很明通了，只有选项B）符合这个意

思，所以应选B）项。

58、HowdidscientistsdiscoverthesourceofleadpollutioninGreenland?

A^ByanalyzingthedatapublishedinjournalslikeNatureandAinbio.

B、Byobservingtheleadaccumulationindifferentpartsofthearcticarea.

C、BystudyingthechemicalelementsofsoilandsnowinNortheasternAmerica.

D^Bycomparingthechemicalcompositionsofleadedgasolineusedinvarious

countries.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节判断题。本题答案可在第三段找到。这段话大意是：有位博士发

现，美国含铅汽油中不同结构铅元素（即不同的铅化合物）的比率与欧洲、亚洲和加

拿大的不同，这使得科学家们能够区分铅的来源地。而格陵兰岛积雪中发现的不同

结构铅的比率与美国汽油中所含的不同结构铅的比率相吻合。从中可以看出，选项

D）“通过比较不同国家使用的含铅汽油中的化学成分”应当是恰当的归纳。

59^TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyhavefoundthat.

A、forestsgetridofleadpollutionfasterthanexpected

BNleadaccumulationsinforestsarcmoredifficulttodealwith

C、leaddepositsarewidelydistributedintheforestsoftheUS

D、theupperlayersofsoilinforestsareeasilypollutedbyleademissions

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节判断题。本题符合第六段最后一句话。

60、Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatscientists.

A、arepuzzledbythemysteryofforestpollution

B、feelrelievedbytheuseofunleadedgasoline

C、stillconsiderleadpollutionaproblem

D、lacksufficientmeanstocombatleadpollution

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理题。本题是段内推理题。最后一段的大意是：科学家们说，这两

项研究表明，当人气污染状况减轻时，生态系统的某些部分很快就能感受到。但同

时表明，这些研究结果不应成为我们污染环境的理由。选项A）与这一段的意思不

符，选项B）只是前一句话产生的结果，忽视了更重要的后一句话的内容，也不

对。选项D）,原文没有提及，当然可以排除。所以选项。是对后一句话最好的解

读。

Thepennypress,whichemergedintheUnitedStatesduringthe1830's,wasapowerful

agentofmasscommunication.Thesenewspaperswerelittledailies,generallyfourpages

inlength,writtenforthemasstaste.Theydifferedfromtheformalpresentationofthe

conservativepress,withitsemphasisonpoliticalandliterarytopics.Thenewpapers

werebriefandcheap,emphasizingsensationalreportsofpolicecourtsandjuicyscandals

aswellashumanintereststories.Twentiethcenturyjournalismwasalreadyforeshadowed

inthepennypressofthe1830's.TheNewYorkSun,foundedin1833,wasthefirst

successfulpennypaper,anditwasfollowedtwoyearslaterbytheNewYorkHerald,

publishedbyJamesGordonBennett.Notlongafter,HoraceGreeleyissuedtheNew

YorkTribune,whichwasdestinedtobecomethemostinfluentialpaperinAmerica.

GreeleygavespacetotheissuesthatdeeplytouchedtheAmericanpeoplebeforetile

CivilWarabolitionism,temperance,freehomesteads,Utopiancooperatesettlements,and

theproblemsoflabor.TheweeklyeditionoftheTribune,with100,000subscribers,hada

remarkableinfluenceinruralareas,especiallyinWesterncommunities.Americanswere

reputedtobethemostavid（热心'的）readersofperiodicalsintheworld.AnEnglish

observerenviouslycalculatedthat,in1829,thenumberofnewspaperscirculatedinGreat

Britainwasenoughtoreachonlyoneoutofeverythirtysixinhabitantsweekly;

Pennsylvaniainthatsameyearhadanewspapercirculationwhichreachedoneoutof

everyfourinhabitantsweekly.Statisticsseemedtojustifythecommonbeliefthat

Americansweredevotedtoperiodicals.NewspapersintheUnitedStatesincreasedfrom

1,200in1833to3,000bytheearly1860,s,ontheeveoftheCivilWar.Thisfarexceeded

thenumberandcirculationofnewspapersinEnglandandFrance.

61、Whatistheauthor'smainpointinthefirstparagraph?

A、Thepennypresswasmodeledonearlierpapers.

B、Thepressinthenineteenthcenturyreachedonlyasmallproportionofthepopulation,

C、Thepennypressbecameanimportantwayofdisseminatinginformationinthefirst

halfofthenineteenthcentury.

D、Thepennypressfocusedmainlyonanalysisofpolities.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：段落主旨题。本题主要考查的是对文章第一段内容的理解。通读第一

段，再对照4个选项，不难发现选项C）是正确答案。这一段主要讲了“便是报刊是

19世纪前50年最重耍的大众传媒方式”。

62、WhatdoestheauthormeanbythestatementinSentence5thattwentiethcentury

journalismwasforeshadowedbythepennypress?

A、Thepennypressdarkenedthereputationofnewswriting.

Tweniieihcenturyjournalismismoreimponanithannineteenthceniuryjournalism.

C、Pennypressnewsreportingwasmoreaccuratethanthatintwentiethcentury

newspapers.

D、Modemnewscoverageissimilartothatdonebythepennypress.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：词汇理解题。本题实质上是词汇题。文章第一段最后一句话指出

4kTwentiethcenturyjournalismwasalreadyforeshadowedinthepennypressofthe

1830工”在这句话中“foreshadow”是“预示，预兆”的意思。那么