内分泌系统专业英语词汇大全

内分泌系统专业英语词汇大全内分泌系统是人体内一个复杂而精密的调节网络，它通过分泌各种激素，对机体的生长、发育、代谢、生殖等重要生理过程进行精准调控。掌握内分泌系统的专业英语词汇，对于深入理解其生理功能、病理机制以及进行国际学术交流至关重要。本文旨在整理一份相对全面的内分泌系统专业英语词汇，为相关领域的学习者和从业者提供参考。一、基础概念(BasicConcepts)*EndocrineSystem:内分泌系统*Endocrinology:内分泌学*Hormone:激素*EndocrineGland:内分泌腺*ExocrineGland:外分泌腺*TargetOrgan/TargetTissue/TargetCell:靶器官/靶组织/靶细胞*Receptor:受体*FeedbackRegulation:反馈调节*PositiveFeedback:正反馈*NegativeFeedback:负反馈*Hypothalamic-PituitaryAxis(HPA):下丘脑-垂体轴*Paracrine:旁分泌*Autocrine:自分泌*Endocrine:内分泌*Neuroendocrine:神经内分泌二、主要内分泌腺及其激素(MajorEndocrineGlandsandTheirHormones)2.1下丘脑(Hypothalamus)*Hypothalamus:下丘脑*ReleasingHormone(RH):释放激素*InhibitingHormone(IH):抑制激素*Thyrotropin-ReleasingHormone(TRH):促甲状腺激素释放激素*Corticotropin-ReleasingHormone(CRH):促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素*Gonadotropin-ReleasingHormone(GnRH):促性腺激素释放激素*GrowthHormone-ReleasingHormone(GHRH):生长激素释放激素*GrowthHormone-InhibitingHormone(GHIH)/Somatostatin(SS):生长激素抑制激素/生长抑素*Prolactin-ReleasingHormone(PRH):催乳素释放激素*Prolactin-InhibitingHormone(PIH)/Dopamine:催乳素抑制激素/多巴胺2.2垂体(PituitaryGland/Hypophysis)*AnteriorPituitary(Adenohypophysis):腺垂体*GrowthHormone(GH)/Somatotropin:生长激素*Thyroid-StimulatingHormone(TSH)/Thyrotropin:促甲状腺激素*AdrenocorticotropicHormone(ACTH)/Corticotropin:促肾上腺皮质激素*Follicle-StimulatingHormone(FSH):促卵泡激素*LuteinizingHormone(LH):黄体生成素*Prolactin(PRL):催乳素*Melanocyte-StimulatingHormone(MSH):促黑素细胞激素*PosteriorPituitary(Neurohypophysis):神经垂体*AntidiureticHormone(ADH)/Vasopressin:抗利尿激素/血管升压素*Oxytocin:催产素2.3甲状腺(ThyroidGland)*ThyroidGland:甲状腺*Thyroxine(T4):甲状腺素*Triiodothyronine(T3):三碘甲状腺原氨酸*Thyroglobulin(Tg):甲状腺球蛋白*ThyroidPeroxidase(TPO):甲状腺过氧化物酶*Calcitonin:降钙素2.4甲状旁腺(ParathyroidGlands)*ParathyroidGlands:甲状旁腺*ParathyroidHormone(PTH):甲状旁腺激素2.5肾上腺(AdrenalGlands)*AdrenalCortex:肾上腺皮质*Glucocorticoids(e.g.,Cortisol):糖皮质激素（如皮质醇）*Mineralocorticoids(e.g.,Aldosterone):盐皮质激素（如醛固酮）*Androgens(e.g.,Dehydroepiandrosterone,DHEA):雄激素（如脱氢表雄酮）*AdrenalMedulla:肾上腺髓质*Epinephrine(Adrenaline):肾上腺素*Norepinephrine(Noradrenaline):去甲肾上腺素2.6胰腺(Pancreas-IsletsofLangerhans)*Pancreas:胰腺*IsletsofLangerhans:胰岛*Insulin:胰岛素(由β细胞分泌)*Glucagon:胰高血糖素(由α细胞分泌)*Somatostatin(SS):生长抑素(由δ细胞分泌)*PancreaticPolypeptide(PP):胰多肽(由PP细胞分泌)2.7性腺(Gonads)*Testes(Male):睾丸*Testosterone:睾酮*Androgens:雄激素*Inhibin:抑制素*Ovaries(Female):卵巢*Estrogens(e.g.,Estradiol):雌激素（如雌二醇）*Progesterone:孕激素*Androgens:雄激素*Inhibin:抑制素2.8其他内分泌组织/器官(OtherEndocrineTissues/Organs)*PinealGland:松果体*Melatonin:褪黑素*Kidney:肾脏*Erythropoietin(EPO):促红细胞生成素*Renin:肾素*1,25-DihydroxyvitaminD3:1,25-二羟维生素D3*Heart:心脏*AtrialNatriureticPeptide(ANP):心房钠尿肽*GastrointestinalTract:胃肠道*Gastrin:胃泌素*Secretin:促胰液素*Cholecystokinin(CCK):缩胆囊素*Ghrelin:饥饿素*Leptin:瘦素(主要由脂肪组织分泌)*Placenta(DuringPregnancy):胎盘(妊娠期)*HumanChorionicGonadotropin(hCG):人绒毛膜促性腺激素*HumanPlacentalLactogen(hPL):人胎盘生乳素三、激素的作用机制与调节(HormoneActionMechanismsandRegulation)*SignalTransduction:信号转导*SecondMessenger:第二信使(e.g.,cAMP,cGMP,IP3,DAG,Ca²⁺)*GeneExpression:基因表达*Up-regulation:上调*Down-regulation:下调*PermissiveEffect:允许作用*SynergisticEffect:协同作用*AntagonisticEffect:拮抗作用*CircadianRhythm:昼夜节律四、相关疾病(RelatedDiseases)*Hyperfunction:功能亢进*Hypofunction:功能减退*Hyperthyroidism:甲状腺功能亢进症*Hypothyroidism:甲状腺功能减退症*Graves'Disease:格雷夫斯病(毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿)*Hashimoto'sThyroiditis:桥本甲状腺炎*DiabetesMellitus(DM):糖尿病*Type1DiabetesMellitus(T1DM):1型糖尿病*Type2DiabetesMellitus(T2DM):2型糖尿病*Hypoglycemia:低血糖症*Hyperglycemia:高血糖症*Cushing'sSyndrome:库欣综合征*Addison'sDisease:艾迪生病(肾上腺皮质功能减退症)*Hyperparathyroidism:甲状旁腺功能亢进症*Hypoparathyroidism:甲状旁腺功能减退症*Acromegaly:肢端肥大症*Gigantism:巨人症*Dwarfism:侏儒症*PolycysticOvarySyndrome(PCOS):多囊卵巢综合征*Menopause:更年期/绝经期*MetabolicSyndrome:代谢综合征*Obesity:肥胖症*HormoneAssay:激素测定*BloodGlucoseTest:血糖检测*OralGlucoseToleranceTest(OGTT):口服葡萄糖耐量试验*ThyroidFunctionTests(TFTs):甲状腺功能检查*Radioimmunoassay(RIA):放射免疫测定*Enzyme-LinkedImmunosorbentAssay(ELISA):酶联免疫吸附测定*Chromatography:色谱法*ImagingStudies(CT,MRI,Ultrasound)