考研英语一统考真题（含答案）2024完整版

考研英语一统考真题（含答案）2024完整版SectionIUseofEnglish（10points）Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.Theideathatplantscansenseandrespondtotheirsurroundingsisnotnew.Butrecentresearchsuggeststhatplantsmaypossessformsof1thatresembleintelligence.Unlikeanimals,plantslackbrainsandnervoussystems,yettheycan2complexcalculationstoadapttochangingenvironments.Plantsareableto3resourcessuchaslight,waterandnutrients.Theycandetectwhenresourcesarelimitedandadjusttheirgrowthpatterns4.Forexample,manyplantsgrowtallerwhenshadedbyneighboringvegetation,aresponsethatensurestheycan5sufficientsunlightforphotosynthesis.Furthermore,plantscancommunicatewithoneanother.Theyreleasechemicalsignalsintothesoilandairto6warningsofdanger,suchasinsectattacks.Whenaplantreceivesthesesignals,itcanactivatedefensemechanismsto7itselffromharm.Thisformofcommunicationallowsentireplantcommunitiesto8threatscollectively.Scientistsemphasizethatplantintelligenceisnot9tohumancognition.Itdoesnotinvolveconsciousnessorthought.10,itreferstoadaptivebehaviorsshapedbylong-termevolution.Thesebehaviorsenableplantstosolveecologicalproblemsandimprovetheirchancesof11.Criticsarguethatlabelingplantbehaviorasintelligenceismisleading.Theyclaimthatsuchactionsaremerelyautomaticbiologicalreactions,12anyformofdecision-making.However,advocatescounterthatintelligenceshouldnotbe13onlybyhumanstandards.Anyorganismcapableofflexibleproblem-solvingcanbeconsidered14ofbasicintelligenttraits.Asresearchinplantscienceadvances,ourunderstandingofplantcognitioncontinuesto15.Whatwasonceregardedaspassivegrowthisnowrecognizedasactive,strategicadaptation.Thisshiftinperspectivehasprofound16forecology,agricultureandouroverall17oflifeonEarth.Farfrombeingstaticandunresponsive,plantsaredynamicorganismsthatconstantlyassesstheirsurroundingsand18accordingly.Theirsubtleyetcomplexbehaviorsrevealalevelofsophisticationthatchallengestraditional19betweenanimalandplantintelligence,urgingusto20ourdefinitionsofcognitionandadaptability.1.[A]behaviors[B]abilities[C]features[D]qualities2.[A]perform[B]plan[C]design[D]prepare3.[A]pursue[B]monitor[C]conserve[D]gather4.[A]randomly[B]accordingly[C]temporarily[D]regularly5.[A]retain[B]attain[C]sustain[D]contain6.[A]transmit[B]trace[C]transfer[D]transform7.[A]preserve[B]shield[C]relieve[D]recover8.[A]resist[B]avoid[C]address[D]ignore9.[A]identical[B]relevant[C]superior[D]equivalent10.[A]Instead[B]Meanwhile[C]Therefore[D]Furthermore11.[A]survival[B]growth[C]reproduction[D]evolution12.[A]despite[B]without[C]through[D]beyond13.[A]restricted[B]measured[C]defined[D]compared14.[A]capable[B]aware[C]proud[D]supportive15.[A]expand[B]deepen[C]broaden[D]strengthen16.[A]implications[B]motivations[C]innovations[D]adaptations17.[A]judgment[B]perception[C]assumption[D]inference18.[A]react[B]adjust[C]evolve[D]advance19.[A]boundaries[B]distinctions[C]divisions[D]separations20.[A]revise[B]reclaim[C]reverse[D]restoreSectionIIReadingComprehension（40points）PartA（20points）Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Text1Inaneraofrapiddigitaltransformation,theroleoftraditionalofficeworkisundergoingfundamentalchanges.Remotework,oncearareexception,hasbecomeamainstreamoptionformillionsofprofessionals.Whileflexibleworkpoliciesbringconvenience,theyalsotriggerprofounddebatesregardingworkplaceproductivityandemployeewell-being.Companieshavelongbelievedthatin-personsupervisionguaranteeshigherefficiency.Physicaloffices,inthisview,fosterspontaneouscommunication,strengthenteamcohesionandenableimmediatemanagerialintervention.However,large-scalestudieshaveconsistentlychallengedthisassumption.Researchindicatesthatremoteworkersoftenmaintainstableproductivitylevelswhilereportinglowerstressandhigherjobsatisfaction.Criticsofremoteworkhighlightitspotentialdrawbacks.Theyarguethatprolongedisolationweakensprofessionalrelationshipsandreducescreativecollaboration.Informalofficeconversations,whichoftensparkinnovativeideas,aredifficulttoreplicateonline.Additionally,remoteworkblurstheboundarybetweenprofessionalandpersonallife,leadingtooverworkandburnout.Nevertheless,thefutureofworkisunlikelytoreturntofullyin-personmodels.Instead,hybridworksystemshaveemergedasthedominanttrend,balancingflexibilityandstructure.Forward-thinkingenterprisesareredesigningofficespacesnotforroutinetasks,butforcollaborativemeetings,creativeworkshopsandteam-buildingactivities.21.Traditionalcorporatebeliefholdsthatin-personofficework______.[A]improvesworkefficiency[B]reducesoperationalcosts[C]enhancesstaffcreativity[D]ensuresworkflexibility22.Studiesonremoteworkshowthatitcan______.[A]strengthenteamcooperation[B]stabilizeproductivity[C]eliminateworkpressure[D]promoteinnovation23.Criticsworrythatremoteworkmay______.[A]undermineprofessionalbonds[B]increaseofficeexpenses[C]lowerworkstandards[D]weakensupervisionrules24.Futureofficespaceswillbemainlyusedfor______.[A]dailyroutinetasks[B]independentofficework[C]interactiveteamwork[D]staffrestandrelaxation25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardshybridworkis______.[A]critical[B]skeptical[C]objective[D]disapprovingText2Environmentalprotectionandeconomicdevelopmenthavelongbeenviewedasconflictingpriorities.Manyholdtheopinionthatstrictecologicalregulationshinderindustrialgrowthandlimiteconomicprofits.However,currentglobalpracticesprovethatgreendevelopmentcangeneratelong-termeconomicbenefitsandsustainablesocialprogress.Greenindustries,includingrenewableenergy,environmentaltechnologyandlow-carbonmanufacturing,havebecomenewenginesofglobaleconomicgrowth.Theseindustriescreatemassivehigh-qualityjobs,drivetechnologicalinnovationandreducerelianceonfossilfuels.Countriesinvestingheavilyingreeninfrastructurehaveachievedstableeconomicgrowthwhileeffectivelycurbingpollution.Smallandmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs)arethemainparticipantsingreentransformation.Thoughfacinghighershort-termtransformationcosts,SMEscangainlong-termcompetitiveadvantagesbyupgradingproductiontechnologyandoptimizingenergyconsumption.Greenproductionstandardsalsohelpenterprisesmeetinternationaltraderequirementsandexpandglobalmarkets.Governmentsplayanindispensableroleinguidinggreendevelopment.Rationalpolicyincentives,includingtaxreductionsandtechnicalsubsidies,caneffectivelyreduceenterprises’transformationpressure.Meanwhile,strictenvironmentalsupervisionpreventsdisorderlyresourceexploitationandecologicaldamage,ensuringorderlyandsustainableindustrialdevelopment.26.People’straditionalviewofenvironmentandeconomyisthat______.[A]theycandevelopinharmony[B]environmentalprotectionrestrictseconomy[C]economicgrowthsupportsecology[D]greenpoliciesboostprofits27.Greenindustriescontributetoeconomyby______.[A]reducingemploymentpressure[B]simplifyingindustrialstructure[C]promotingtechinnovation[D]eliminatingfossilfuels28.WhatistrueaboutSMEs’greentransformation?[A]Itbringsnoshort-termgains[B]Itensuresinstantmarketexpansion[C]Ityieldslong-termcompetitiveness[D]Itrequireslittletechnicalupgrade29.Governmentpoliciesforgreendevelopmentaimto______.[A]lowerenterprises’burden[B]tightentraderestrictions[C]accelerateresourceexploitation[D]unifyindustrialstandards30.Thetextmainlydiscusses______.[A]challengesofindustrialtransformation[B]harmonybetweenecologyandeconomy[C]functionsofenvironmentalsupervision[D]developmentofgreentechnologiesText3Thepopularizationofartificialintelligencehasreshapedscientificresearchinunprecedentedways.AIalgorithmscanprocessmassivedata,identifyhiddenpatternsandsimulatecomplexscientificmodels,greatlyimprovingresearchefficiency.YetthewideapplicationofAIalsoraisesconcernsaboutacademicauthenticityandintellectualaccountability.Traditionalscientificresearchreliesonhumanreasoning,logicaldeductionandrepeatedverification.Everyconclusioncanbetracedbacktospecificexperimentalprocessesandtheoreticalfoundations.Incontrast,mostadvancedAIsystemsoperateas“blackboxes”.Researcherscannotfullyinterprethowalgorithmsgeneratecertainresults,makingitdifficulttoassessthereliabilityofAI-assistedfindings.Anothercontroversyliesinacademicauthorship.CurrentacademicrulesfailtoclearlydefinetheroleofAIinresearch.ItremainsunclearwhetherAIqualifiesasaresearchcontributorormerelyaresearchtool.Ambiguousregulationsmayleadtoacademicmisconduct,includingdatafabricationandresultmanipulation.ScholarssuggestthatstandardizedAIapplicationrulesshouldbeestablishedurgently.ResearchersmustclearlydiscloseAIusageinpapers,ensuringtransparencyandtraceability.Academicinstitutionsshouldalsostrengthenreviewmechanismstodistinguishhumaninnovationfrommachine-generatedcontent.31.AIapplicationinscientificresearch______.[A]completelyreplaceshumanwork[B]improvesresearchefficiencygreatly[C]ensuresresultauthenticity[D]simplifiesresearchprocedures32.The“blackbox”featureofAIrefersto______.[A]uninterpretablealgorithmlogic[B]unknowndatasources[C]invisibleexperimentalprocesses[D]uncertainapplicationscope33.TheambiguousAIacademicrulesmaycause______.[A]delayedresearchprogress[B]academicirregularities[C]weakenedAIfunctions[D]disordereddatastorage34.Scholarsproposeto______forAIresearch.[A]banmachineparticipation[B]reducedatadependence[C]buildstandardizednorms[D]simplifyreviewprocedures35.Thebesttitleforthetextis______.[A]AI’sRevolutioninScientificResearch[B]HiddenRisksofAIinAcademia[C]HowtoRegulateAIDevelopment[D]AIandFutureTechnologyInnovationText4Historicalpreservationisnolongermerelyaculturalundertakingbutakeycomponentofurbansustainabledevelopment.Manycitiesprioritizetherenovationofhistoricdistrictsinsteadoflarge-scaledemolition,balancingurbanrenewalandculturalinheritance.Thisshiftrepresentsamatureunderstandingofurbandevelopmentlogic.Oldbuildingsandhistoricdistrictscarryuniqueculturalmemoriesandurbanidentities.Blinddemolitioneraseshistoricaltracesandleadstohomogeneousurbanlandscapes.Preservinghistoricalarchitecturehelpsmaintainurbandiversityandenrichculturalconnotations,forminguniqueurbancharmthatmodernbuildingscannotreplicate.Properhistoricalpreservationalsodeliverseconomicvalue.Well-protectedhistoricdistrictscandevelopculturaltourism,createcommercialvitalityanddrivelocaleconomicgrowth.Manyancientblockshavebecomeurbanbusinessandculturallandmarks,attractingtouristsandinvestmentwhileinheritingtraditionalculture.However,historicalpreservationfacespracticalchallenges.Renovationcostsareusuallyhigherthannewconstruction.Strictpreservationstandardsrestrictcommercialdevelopment.Balancingculturalprotection,residentlivingdemandsandeconomicdevelopmentremainsatoughtaskforurbanmanagers.36.Modernurbandevelopmenttendsto______.[A]demolishalloldbuildings[B]renewhistoricdistrictsmoderately[C]prioritizecommercialconstruction[D]ignoreculturalinheritance37.Blinddemolitionofolddistrictswill______.[A]destroyurbanuniqueness[B]lowerconstructioncosts[C]boosturbanrenewal[D]simplifycitymanagement38.Historicalpreservationcanpromoteurban______.[A]populationgrowth[B]industrialupgrading[C]economicvitality[D]trafficefficiency39.Themaindifficultyofhistoricalpreservationis______.[A]lackofculturalawareness[B]highrenovationcostandrestriction[C]resistanceoflocalresidents[D]outdatedpreservationconcepts40.Theauthor’sviewonhistoricalpreservationis______.[A]impracticalbutpopular[B]costlybutworthwhile[C]riskyandunnecessary[D]rigidandinefficientPartB（10points）Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.Thehabitofreadingisoneofthemostvaluablelifelongabilitiesapersoncandevelop.Unlikeshortvideobrowsing,deepreadingrequiresconcentration,criticalthinkingandsustainedmentaleffort.41Deepreadingshapespeople’scognitiveframework.Whenreadersengagewithcomplextexts,theyanalyzelogic,absorbviewpointsandbuildknowledgesystems.Thisprocesscultivatesindependentthinkingcapability,whichisessentialforsolvingcomplexproblemsinstudyandwork.42Readingalsoservesasaneffectivewayofemotionalregulation.Infast-pacedmodernlife,peoplefaceconstantpressureandanxiety.43Readingallowsindividualstoenterdiversespiritualworlds,relievenegativeemotionsandgaininnerpeace.Nevertheless,deepreadingisgraduallymarginalizedinthedigitalage.Instantonlineinformationprovidesfastsatisfaction,makinglongandfocusedreadingseemtedious.44Torestoredeepreadinghabits,individualsneedtosetfixedreadingtimeandreducefragmentedinformationbrowsing.Meanwhile,societyshouldcreateastrongreadingatmosphere,encouragingpeopletopursuespiritualenrichmentbesidesmaterialsatisfaction.45[A]Italsoimprovespeople’sabilitytodistinguishrightfromwrong.[B]Deepreadingbringslong-termspiritualgrowthratherthaninstantpleasure.[C]Manypeoplelackeffectivewaystorelaxtheirminds.[D]Digitalreadingcompletelyreplacestraditionalpaperreading.[E]Thistrendleadstothedeclineofpublicreadingquality.[F]Readinghabitsaredifficulttoforminnoisyenvironments.[G]Onlyinthiswaycandeepreadingthriveinthedigitalera.PartC（10points）Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.Trustisthefoundationofallsocialrelationshipsandcooperativebehaviors.Ininterpersonalcommunication,trustreducescommunicationcosts,eliminatesunnecessarysuspicionandpromotesefficientcooperation.Asocietybasedonmutualtrustoperatesmoreorderlyandstably,withhigherefficiencyandlowersocialmanagementcosts.Trustisnotinnate;itisaccumulatedthroughlong-termconsistentbehaviorsandsincereinteractions.Individualskeeptrustthroughhonestyandresponsibility,whilesocialtrustismaintainedbysoundrulesandcredibleinstitutionalguarantees.Inmodernsociety,trusthasbecomeanindispensablesocialresource,supportingthestableoperationofeconomy,cultureandpublicgovernance.SectionIIIWriting（30points）PartA（10points）Directions:Writeanotetoyouruniversity’slibrary,suggestingimprovementsonitsservice.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Youshouldinclude:1.yoursuggestions;2.yourreasons.PartB（20points）Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethepicturebriefly;2)interpretitsimpliedmeaning;3)giveyourcomments.图片主题：年轻人既要脚踏实地积累，也要仰望星空心怀理想，平衡务实与理想，砥砺前行。全套标准答案一、完形填空答案1.B2.A3.B4.B5.B6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A11.A12.B13.C14.A15.B16.A17.B18.B19.B20.A二、阅读理解答案PartA仔细阅读21.A22.B23.A24.C25.C26.B27.C28.C29.A30.B31.B32.A33.B34.C35.B36.B37.A38.C39.B40.BPartB新题型41.B42.A43.C44.E45.G三、翻译参考译文信任是一切社会关系与合作行为的基础。在人际交往中，信任能够降低沟通成本、消除无端猜忌、促进高效协作。以互信为基础的社会运行更加有序稳定，运行效率更高，社会管理成本更低。信任并非与生俱来，而是通过长期一贯的行为与真诚的互动逐