第11讲阅读理解细节理解题-2023年高考英语一轮复习

第11讲阅读理解细节理解题（测）

时间：45分钟满分：50分

姓名得分

阅读理解（每题2分，共50分）

A

（2021.天津・高考真题）JobforYou!

FamilyAllianceMealDelivery

FamilyAllianceislookingforpeoplewhocan

deliverhotChinesemealsonetotwotimesaLancasterDesign

Weprovidefullfurnishings,likedonatedkitchen

weekforpeoplewithdisabilitiesinnorthsuburban

equipmentandfurnitureitems,fbrthenewhomesof

FairfieldCounty.

Allapplicantsmusthaveadriver'slicenseandpeoplewhowereoncehomeless.

accesstoacar.GaswillbecoveredforeachWeneedpeoplewhocanworkatourwarehouse（仓

delivery.库）sortingandpackingitems（obedeliveredto

Workinghours:10a.m.to1p.m.Tuesdaysandfamilies,repairdonatedfurnitureandmore.Candidates

Fridayswillbematchedwithataskbasedonskillset.

Formoreinformation,contactCharlesChenInterested?Submityourapplicationto

Orcall740-6668988Orcall740-6119735

LancasterWeekly

ParkviewNursingHome

Wouldyouliketheopportunitytoearnextracash

Caregiversarewanted.Weseekpeoplewhoarepatient

closetohome?Ifsowehaveavacancyinour

learnwhichwouldsuityou.andcaring,andwhohaveexperienceandinterestin

Bothadultsandyoungstersaged13+arerequiredworkingwitholderadults.

todeliverournewspaper.YoumayIhavetocoverAspartofthepackage,initialandfollow-uptraining

somedistance.Bicyclesareavailableifneeded.sessionsareprovidedandaccommodationisavailable

Workinghours:8a.m.to10a.m.Saturdaysifrequired.

FormoreinformationFormoredetails,visitusatUnit3ParkViewLane

Call740-6538360OrcontactEllenWhiteat740-6968399

1.Whichjobrequiresadriver'slicense?A.Deliveringmeals.

B.Deliveringnewspapers.

C.Workinga((hewarehouse.

D.Workingatthenursinghome.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheLancasterDesignjob?

A.Applicantsarcexpectedtodesignfuniiturc.

B.Workisarrangedaccording(oone'sskillset.

C.Itinvolvescollectingfurniturefromhomes.

D.Itfavorsapplicantswhoarehomeless.

3.Amiddle-schoolstudentismostlikelytobehiredby.

A.FamilyAllianceMealDelivery

B.LancasterDesign

C.LancasterWeekly

D.ParkviewNursingHome

4.Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoworkwiththeelderly?

A.740-6668988.

B.740-6119735.

C.740-6538360.

D.740-6968399.

B

(2021•浙江•高考真题)Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anArr.ericanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatkins

madepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulationgrowth,mobilephonesandincreasing

heightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginoneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.

Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2,()(X)stepsskortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedtoavoid

beingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedioschool,whilein2010,itwasaslowas15

percent.

Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepressedfortime,manywithbothparents

workingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-depcndentneighborhoods

withlimitedpublictransport.

Theothersideofthecoinisequallyadeprivation:forhealthandwell-being,aswellaslostopportunities（机

会）forchildrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforparentstherearclostopportunitiestowalkandtalk

withtheiryoungscholarabouttheirday.

Mostparentswillhaveeagerlyaskedtheirchildabouttheirday,onlytomeetwitha“good"，quicklyfollowed

by"I'mhungry”.Thisisalsomyexperienceasamother.Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson's

daycomesout.1hearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparental

opportunitytohearmore.

Manyprimaryschoolssupportwalkingschool-busroutes（路线）,withdaysofregular,parent-accompanied

walks.Doingjustoneoftheseafewtunesaweekisbetterthannothing.Itcanbetoughtobeginandtakesalittle

planning-runningshoesby（hefrontdoor,lunchesmadethenightbefore,umbrellasonrainydaysandhatsonho（

ones-butit'scertainlyworthtrying.

5.WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins'predictionsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Tomakecomparisons.B.Tointroducethetopic.

C.lbsupportherargument.D.Toprovideexamples.

6.WhathascausedthedecreaseinAustralianchildren'sphysicalactivity?

A.Plainlaziness.B.Healthproblems.

C.Lackoftime.D.Securityconcerns.

7.Whydocstheauthorfindwalkingwithhersonworthwhile?

A.Shecangetrelaxedafterwork.B.Shecankeepphysicallyfit.

C.Shecanhelpwithherson'sstudy.D.Shecanknowhersonbetter.

C

（2021•浙江•高考真题）Morethan25yearsago,SarooBrierleylivedinrural（农村）India.Oneday,heplayed

withhisbrotheralongtheraillineandfellasleep.Whenhewokeupandfoundhimselfalone,the4-ycar-old

decidedhisbrothermightbeonthetrainhesawinfrontofhim-sohegoton.

Thattrainlookhimathousandmilesacrossthecountrytoatotallystrangecity.Helivedonthestreets,and

（heninanorphanage（孤儿院）.There,hewasadoptedbyanAustralianfamilyandflowntoTasmania.

Ashewritesinhisnewbook.ALongWayHome,Brierleycouldn'thelpbutwonderabouthishometownback

inIndia.Herememberedlandmarks,butsincehedidn'tknowhistown'sname,findingasmallneighborhoodina

vastcountryprovedtobeimpossible.

Thenhefoundadigitalmappingprogram.Hespentyearssearchingforhishometownintheprogram's

satellitepictures.In2011,hecameacrosssomethingfamiliar.Hestudieditandrealizedhewaslookingatatown's

centralbusinessdistrictfromabird's-eyeview.Hethought,“Ontheright-handsideyoushouldseerhe

(hree-platfbrmtrainstation^^—andthereitwas."Andontheleft-handsideyoushouldseeabigfountain"-andthere

itwas.Everythingjuststartedtomatch.

Whenhestoodinfrontofthehousewherehegrewupasachild,hesawaladystandingintheentrance.

"There'ssomethingaboutme,"hethought—andittookhimafewsecondsbuthefinallyrememberedwhatshe

usedtolooklike.

InaninterviewBrierleysays,"Mymotherlookedsomuchshorterthan1remembered.Butshecameforthand

walkedforward,andIwalkedforward,andmyfeelingsandtearsandthechemicalinmybrain,youknow,itwas

likeanuclearfusion(核聚变).Ijustdidn'tknowwhattosay,because1neverthoughtseeingmymotherwould

evercometnie.AndhereIam,standinginfrontofher.”

8.WhywasBrierleyseparatedfromhisfamilyabout25yearsago?

A.Hegotonatrainbymistake.

B.Hegotlostwhileplayinginthestreet.

C.Hewastakenawaybyaforeigner.

D.HewasadoptedbyanAustralianfamily.

9.HowdidBrierleyfindhishometown?

A.Byanalyzingoldpictures.

B.By(ravellingallaroundIndia.

C.Bystudyingdigitalmaps.

D.Byspreadinghisstoryviahisbook.

10.WhatdoesBrierleymainlytalkaboutintheinterview?

A.Hisloveforhismother.

B.Hisreunionwithhismother.

C.Hislongwaybackhome.

D.Hismemoryofhishometown.

D

(2012•四川•高考真题)Inarecentannouncement.HarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology

(MIT)saidthattheyhavejoinedforcestoofferfreeonlinecoursesinanefforttoattractmillionsofonline

learnersworldwide.

Beginningthisfall,anumberofcoursesdevelopedbyteachersatbothuniversitieswillbeofferedonline

throughanew$60millionprogram,knownasedX."AnyonewithanInternetconnectionanywhereintheworld

canuseouronlinecourses,“HarvardPresidentDrewFaustsaidduringameetingtoannouncetheplan.

MIThasofferedaprogramcalledOpenCourseWarefortenyearsthatmakesmaterialsfrommorethan2.000

classesfreeonline.Ithasbeenusedbymorethan100millionpeople.InDecember,theschoolannounceditalso

wouldbeginofferingaspecialcertificate,knownasMITx,forpeoplewhocompletecertainonlinecourses.

Harvardhaslongofferedcoursestoawiderpopulationthroughasimilarprogram.

TheMITxwillserveasthefoundationfor(henewlearningplatform.

MITPresidentSusanHockfieldsaidmorethan120,000peoplesignedupforthefirstMITxcourse.Shesaid

HarvardandMIThopeotheruniversitieswilljointheminofferingcoursesontheopen-sourceedXplatform.

“FastenyourseatbeltsJHockficldsaid.

Otheruniversities,includingStanford.YaleandCarncgic-Mcllon,havebeenexperimentingwithteachingtoa

globalpopulationonline.

TheHarvard-MITprogramwillbemonitoredbyanot-for-profit(非盈利的)organizationbasedinCambridge,

tobeownedequallyby(hetwouniversities.BothMITandHarvardhaveprovided$30milliontostart(heprogram.

Theyalsoplan(ousetheedXplatformtoresearchhowstudentsleaniandwhichteachingmethodsandtoolsare

mostsuccessful.

11.Accordingto(histext.edXis.

A.apartofthefreeMITOpenCourseWare

B.afreecomputerprogrambyMITandHanard

C.aHarvard-MITplatformoffreeonlinecourses

D.afreeprogramonlineforuniversitiesworldwide

12.Whatissaidaboutonlineeducationinthetext?

A.Universitieshavebeentryingonlinecourses.

B.About2,000onlinecourseshavebeenoffered.

C.Over10()millionpeoplehavefinishedcoursesonline.

D.StanfordandYaletogetherhavecoursessimilartoedX.

13.Theunderlinedpartinthetextprobablymeans"

A.Getreadyforthedifficulties

B.Getreadyforthiseducationalchange

C.Getpreparedtocompletetheonlinecourses

D.GetpreparedtomakematerialsfortheedXcourses

14.WhatcanbesaidaboutMITxaccordingtothetext?

A.1(isfirstofferedaspartof(heedXlearningprogram.

B.ItisanotherfreeMIT-Harvardonlinelearningprogram.

C.Itisastandardtorecognizeonlinelearners,achievement.

D.ItisanewkindoffreeonlinecourseofHarvardandMIT.

E

(2014•湖北•高考真题)London'snewestskyscraper(摩天大楼)iscalledtheShardanditcostabout430million

poundstobuild.Ataheightofalmost310metres,itisthetallestbuildinginEurope.TheShardhascompletely

changedtheappearanceofLondon.However,noteveryonethinksthatitisachangeforthebetter.

TheShardwasdesignedbythefamousItalianarchitectRenzoPiano.WhenhebegandesigningtheShardfor

London.Pianowantedaverytallbuildingthatlookedlikeaspire(尖•顶)•Hewantedtheglasssurfacestoreflect

theskyandthecity.Thesidesofthebuildingaren'tregular.Sothebuildinghasanunusualshape.Itlookslikea

verythin,sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename:theShard.Pianosays(hatthe

spireshapeoftheShardispartofagreatLondontradition.Theshaperemindshimofthespiresofthechurchesof

Londonor(he(allmasts(桅杆)oftheshipsthatwereonceontheriverThames.

TheShardhas87floors.Atthetop,thereisanobservatory.Atthemomentthebuildingisempty,buteventually

therewillbeafive-starhotel.Therewillalsobetopqualityrestaurants,apartmentsandoffices.

Beforebuildingworkbegan,alotofpeopledidn'twanttheShardthoughtheplanswereapproved.Nowtheyare

stillunhappyabouttheShard.Somecriticssaythatsucha(allskyscrapermightbegoodinacitylikeNewYork,

butnotinLondon.TheysaythatthebestthingabouttheShardisitsspireshape.Butthatistheonlything.Thereis

nodecoration,onlyflatsurfaces.TheEgyptiansdidthat4,500yearsago.TheyalsothinktheShardistoobigfor

London.Itdestroysthebeautyofthecity.

Othercriticsdon'tlikewhattheShardseemstorepresent.TheysaythattheShardshowshowLondonisbecoming

moreunequal.Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuytheexpensiveprivateapartmentsandstayintliehotel.But

thepeoplewholiveneartheShardareamongthepoorestinLondon.SotheShardseemsasymbolofthedivision

insocietybetweentheveryrichandthepoor.

TheShardnowdominatestheLondonskyline.Itisnotcertain,however,thatordinaryLondoncitizenswillever

acceptitasavaluableadditiontothecity.

15.London'snewestskyscraperiscalledtheShardbecauseof.

A.itscost

B.itssize

C.itsshape

D.itsheight

16.WhenhedesignedtheShard,Pianowanteditto

A.changeLondon'sskyline

B.inheritLondon'stradition

C.imitatetheEgyptianstyle

D.attractpotentialvisitors

17.Thecriticswhorefertosocialcivisionthink（heShard.

A.isonlypreferredbytherich

B.isintendedforwealthypeople

C.isfarawayfromthepoorarea

D.ispopularonlywithLondoners

18.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheShard:CheersandClaps

B.TheShard:WorkofaGreatArchitect

C.TheShard:NewSymbolofLondon?

D.TheShard:AChangefortheBetter?

F

（2012・北京•高考真题）Decision-makingunderStress

Anewreviewbasedonaresearchshowsthatacutestressaffectsthewaythebrainconsiderstheadvantagesand

disadvantages,causingittofocusonpleasureandignorethepossiblenegative（负面的）consequencesofa

decision.

Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewaypeoplemakechoicesinpredictableways.

“Stressaffectshowpeoplelearn,“saysProfessorMaraMather.^Peoplelearnbetteraboutpositivethannegative

outcomesunderstress.”

Forexample,tworecentstudieslookedathowpeoplelearnedtoconnectimages(影像)witheitherrewardsor

punishments.Inoneexperiment,someofiheparticipantswerefirststressedbyhavinglogiveaspeechanddo

difficultmathproblemsinfrontofanaudience;intheother,somewerestressedbyhavingtokeeptheirhandsin

icewater.Inbothcases,thestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthe

punishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadn'tgonethroughthestress.

Thisphenomenonislikelynotsurprisingtoanyonewhohastriedtoresisteatingcookiesorsmokingacigarette

whileunderstress-atthosemoments,onlythepleasureassociatedwithsuchactivitiesconicstomindButthe

findingsfurthersuggest(hatstressmaybringaboutadoubleeffect.Notonlyarerewardingexperiences

rememberedbetter,butnegativeconsequencesarealsoeasilyrecalled.

Theresearchalsofoundthatstressappearstoaffectdecision-makingdifferentlyinmenandwomen.Whileboth

menandwomentendtofocusonrewardsandlessonconsequencesunderstress,theirresponsestoriskturnoutto

bedifferent.

Menwhohadbeenstressedbythecold-watertasktendedtotakemorerisksintheexperimentwhilev/omcn

respondedintheoppositeway.Instressfulsituationsinwhichrisk-takingcanpayoffbig,menmaytendtodo

better,whencautionweighsmore,however,womenwillwin.

Thistendencytoslowdownandbecomemorecautiouswhendecisionsareriskymightalsohelpexplainwhy

womenarelesslikelytobecomeaddictedthanmen:theymaymoreoftenavoidmaking(heriskychoicesthat

eventuallyhardenintoaddiction.

19.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatpeopleunderpressure(endto.

A.keeprewardsbetterintheirmemory

B.recallconsequencesmoreeffortlessly

C.makeriskydecisionsmorefrequently

D.learnasubjectmoreeffectively

20.Accordingtotheresearch,stressaffectspeoplemostprobablyir.(heir.

A.waysofmakingchoicesB.preferenceforpleasure

C.toleranceofpunishmentsD.responsestosuggestions

21.Theresearchhasprovedthatinastressfulsituation,.

A.womenfinditeasiertofallintocertainhabits

B.menhaveagreatertendencytoslowdown

C.womenfocusmoreonoutcomes

D.menaremorelikelytotakerisks

G

（2013•陕西•高考真题）In1978,1was18andwasworkingasanurseinasmalltownabout270kmawayfrom

Sydney,Australia.Iwaslookingforwardtohavingfivefaysofffromduty.Unfortunately,（heonlyonetrainaday

backtomyhomeinSydneyhadalreadyleft.SoIthoughtI'dhitcharide（搭便车）.

Iwaitedbythesideofthehighwayforthreehoursbutnoonestoppedforme.Finally,amanwalkedoverand

introducedhimselfasGordon.Hesaidth