不同噻吩长度聚合物受体的合成及其太阳能电池性能研究

[57-58]为给体，应用于本体异质结结构器件中，各电池参数如下表。表3-2聚合物P1、P2的光伏特性聚合物Voc(V)Jsc(mA∙cm‒2)FF(%)PCE(%)P10.6826.8068.4312.49P20.7325.4169.9613.00图3-4聚合物P1和聚合物P2的EQE对比图由表3-2可知，P2作为受体材料器件时，太阳能电池效率PCE达到了13%，P2的各项光伏特性参数(PCE除外):VOC=0.73V、JSC=25.41mA·cm-2、FF=69.96%。以P1为受体材料器件时，PCE=12.49%略低，其中VOC=0.68V，JSC=26.80mA·cm-2略高，FF=68.43%。由图3-4可以看出，两种聚合物的EQE比较来看，在波长为400-800nm之间P2更优，这可能会使其光电效率更高。

结论以4,7-二溴-2-(2-己基癸基)-2H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三唑-5,6-二胺为原料，通过和邻四氯苯醌环化制得中间体M1。M1分别和单噻吩锡试剂，三联噻吩锡试剂进行stille偶联聚合，分别制得聚合物P1、P2。分别对这2种聚合物进行基本的光物理性能进行测试，包括紫外光吸收、电化学能级、理论计算。聚合物P1、P2为受体材料，分别与D18(给体材料)作用，考察电池效率的影响因素，得出以下结论：在光学性质测试中：P1、P2能够溶解于THF（四氢呋喃）中，并且存在显著吸收峰，它们的最大吸收峰分别为：λmax,P1=915nm，λmax,P2=1281nm。P2与P1相对比，具有366nm的吸收峰红移，可能来自于P2较强的分子内推拉电子效应，以及更好的平面性。2.在电化学法测试中：通过实验数据处理，可得聚合物P1的HOMO能级为-3.801eV、LUMO能级为-5.519ev，能极差1.718eV；聚合物P2的LUMO能级-4.067eV、HOMO能级为-5.253eV，能极差1.186eV；能极差和理论计算值趋势相符。3.由光伏特性表可知：P1器件Voc=0.68V、Jsc=26.80mA·cm-2、FF=68.43%、PCE=12.49%，P2器件Voc=0.73V、Jsc=25.41mA·cm-2、FF=69.96%、PCE=13.00%。由数据可知，P2器件PCE效率高于P1器件，最可能的因素是P2器件具有较高的Voc(V)和FF。由P1、P2的EQE曲线可知在λ（波长）=400nm~800nm区间，P2的EQE值略高于P1，这可能会使P2光电转换效率较高。本论文的研究为太阳能电池提供更多的聚合物受体材料，为聚合物受体设计合成提供借鉴。参考文献沈祖培.第10次世界动力会议[J].锅炉技术,1978,(01):31-32.胡成春.新能源的开发利用[J].可再生能源,1989,(02):7-8.史云鹏,王莹莹,王超.光伏发电系统:一种解决能源危机的重要方法[J].今日科技,2003,(10):10-11+5.TealWG,LittleJB.Growthofgermaniumsinglecrystals[J].JournalofAppliedPhysics,1950,21(6):619-622.HallrN.Electron-holerecombinationingermanium[J].PhysicalReview,1952,87(2):387.CarlsonDE,WronskiCR.Amorphoussiliconsolarcell[J].AppliedPhysicsLetters,1976,28(4):221-223.GreenMA,EmeryK,HishikawaY.Solarcellefficiencytables(version56)[J].ProgressinPhotovoltaics:ResearchandApplications,2022,30(5):606-619.TongJ,ZhengY,CaoK.High-performancetunneloxidepassivatedcontactsolarcellswithefficiencyover26%[J].NatureEnergy,2023,8(3):223-231.KarlssonS,LundqvistM.Amorphoussiliconsolarcells:thebirthofanewphotovoltaictechnology[R].Stockholm:RoyalInstituteofTechnology,1976.SterlingG,TaylorDC.Plasma-enhancedchemicalvapordepositionofhydrogenatedamorphoussilicon[J].JournalofAppliedPhysics,1985,58(7):2670-2675.TanakaM,KurokawaY,YamamotoA.Stackedamorphoussiliconsolarcellswithefficiencyover10%[J].SolarEnergyMaterialsandSolarCells,1994,33(1-2):1-10.KearnsdP,CalvinM.Photovoltaiceffectandphotoconductivityinlaminatedorganicsystems[J].JournalofChemicalPhysics,1958,28(6):1199-1200.TangCW.Two-layerorganicphotovoltaiccell[J].AppliedPhysicsLetters,1986,48(2):183-185.Heimm,Oppeln,ScharberMC.High-performanceorganicsolarcellswithfullereneacceptors[J].AdvancedMaterials,2010,22(34):3741-3746.ZhangS,YeL,ZhouY,et.al.Single-junctionorganicsolarcellwithover15%efficiencyusingfused-ringacceptorwithAlkylthiosidechain[J].ACSEnergyLetters,2016,1(4):774-780.YangC,LiuT,SunH,et.al.Preciselycontrollingthepositionofbromineontheendgroupenableswell-regularpolymeracceptorsforall-polymersolarcellswithefficienciesover15%[J].AdvancedMaterials,2020,32(45):2004205.OreagnB,GrätzelM.Alow-cost,high-efficiencysolarcellbasedondye-sensitizedcolloidalTiO2films[J].Nature,1991,353(6346):737-740.Huaulmé‌Q,MwalukukuVM,JolyD.Photochromicdye-sensitizedsolarcellswithlight-drivenadjustableopticaltransmissionandpowerconversionefficiency[J].NatureEnergy,2020,5(6):460-468.ZhangW,WuY,BahngHW.Comprehensivecontrolofvoltagelossenables11.7%efficientsolid-statedye-sensitizedsolarcells[J].Energy&EnvironmentalScience,2018,11(4):884-894.张维伟,吴永真,朱为宏.全固态染料敏化太阳能电池效率突破11.7%[J].能源环境科学,2018,9(6):1023-1030.ParkNG,SeoJW,GrätzelMG.Leadiodideperovskitesensitizedall-solid-statesubmicronthinfilmmesoscopicsolarcellwithefficiencyexceeding9%[J].ScientificReports,2012,2:591.SeoJW,BawendiMG,ParkNG.High-performanceperovskitesolarcellsviaimprovedcarriermanagement[J].Nature,2016,532(7599):389-393.TanH,ZhangQ,YuanZC.Homogenizedcontactinall-perovskitetandemsusingtailored2Dperovskite[J].Nature,2023,620(7973):994-1001.YuG,GaoJ,Hummelen,J.C,et.al.Polymerphotovoltaiccells:enhancedefficienciesviaanetworkofinternaldonor-acceptorheterojunctions[J].Science,1995,270,1789-1791.JiaT,ZhangJ,ZhongW,et.al.14.4%Efficiencyall-polymersolarcellwithbroadabsorptionandlowenergylossenabledbyanovelpolymeracceptor[J].NanoEnergy,2020,72,104718.ZhaoJ,LiY,YangG,et.al.Efficientorganicsolarcellsprocessedfromhydrocarbonsolvents[J].Nat.Energy2016,1,15027.WienkMM,KroonJM,VerheesWJH,et.al.EfficientMethano[70]fullerene/MDMO-PPVbulkheterojunctionphotovoltaiccells[J].Ange.Chem.Int.Ed.2003,42,3371-3375.SonarP,LimJ,ChanKL.Organicnon-fullereneacceptorsfororganicphotovoltaics[J].EnergyEnviron.Sci.2011,4,1558-1574.HeY,LiY.Fullerenederivativeacceptorsforhighperformancepolymersolarcells[J].Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.2011,13,1970-1983.LinY,WangJ,ZhangZ,ZhanX,et.Al.Anelectronacceptorchallengingfullerenesforefficientpolymersolarcells[J].Advanced.Materials.2015,27,1170.ZhangH,YaoH,HouJ,et.al.Over14%efficiencyinorganicsolarcellsenabledbychlorinatednonfullerenesmall‐moleculeacceptors[J].Advanced.Materials.2018,30,1800613.ZhangS,QinY,ZhuJ,et.al.Over14%efficiencyinpolymersolarcellsenabledbyachlorinatedpolymerdonor[J].Advanced.Materials.2018,30,1800868.YanC,LiuT,ChenY,et.al.ITC-2Cl:Aversatilemiddle-bandgapnonfullereneacceptorforhigh-efficiencypanchromaticternaryorganicsolarcells[J].SolarRRL2019,4,1900377.YuanJ,ZhangY,ZhouL,ZhangG,et.al.Single-junctionorganicsolarcellwithover15%efficiencyusingfused-ringacceptorwithelectron-deficientcore.[J].Joule2019,3,1140-1151.LiuQ,JiangY,JinK,QinJ,Xu,et.al.18%Efficiencyorganicsolarcells[J].S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