2025届湖北省八校联考高三下学期三模英语试题（含答案）

第第页2025届湖北省八校联考高三下学期三模英语试题一、A​​​​​​​Hereareseveralplaceswhichwillsurpriseyou.DeathValley,California,USAVerylivelyatnightbutcompletelydeadduringtheday,thisplaceisnothingbutdryhotdesert.Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord.AsthedriestplaceintheUSA,thisplaceisactuallyinhabitedeventhoughlessthanathousandpeoplelivethere.Kebili,TunisiaTunisia'scloselocationtotheMediterraneanSeasuggeststhatitshouldbeniceandcoolbutKebiliisadeserttownwhichhasthehighesttemperaturerecordedat55℃.Thepeopleinhabitingtheareahaveadjustedtotoughconditionsandlearnedtospendmostoftheirtimeintheshade.Datepalmsareoneofthekeyfeaturesofthisplace.WādīHalfā,SudanThecityislocatedontheshoresofLakeNubia,andduststormsareaprettycommonthinginthesummer.Withanaveragetemperatureof41℃,itstillmanagedtomakeitto53℃in1967.YouwouldthinkthatitshouldbealittlebitcoolerforitisthemostnorthernplaceinSudan.Dasht-eLutDesert,IranIt'sanotheruninhabiteddesertwhichisactuallygettingsuperhot.Inthepast20years,thetemperaturesof70℃havebeenrecorded.Thesaltdesertspreadsover200milesandevenwildlifeisnotthatspread.Theplaceispopularwithtouristsandnaturalistswhowouldliketoexperienceextremelandscapes.1．WhatcanwesayaboutDeathValley?A．Thereislittlerainfallinit.B．Over1,000peoplelivethere.C．Thereisnothingbutdryhotsandinit.D．Itsaveragetemperatureis56.7℃.2．Whichplacehasthehighesttemperatureeverrecorded?A．DeathValley. B．Dasht-eLutDesert.C．WādīHalfā. D．Kebili.3．Whatdothefourplaceshaveincommon?A．Theyareplacessuitabletosettlein.B．Theyarelocatedclosetodeserts.C．Theyarethehottestplacesonearth.D．Theyaremorepopularwithtouriststhanotherplaces.二、B​​​​​​​RecentlyIboughtabookaboutsignposts.Signpostsaren'tveryinteresting,you'rethinking.Well,that,ofcourse,dependsonwhetheryouhappentobelost!Ancienttravelerswouldhavebeengratefulforthesewhensettlementsweresmallerandfurtherapart.Inwinter,theabilitytoreachshelterforthenightcouldbethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.Oneoftheveryearliestway-marksdiscoveredisinCumbria.DatingfromRomantimes,ithadlainfallenuntil1836,whenafarmerploughinghisfieldscameacrossasandstoneshaft(碑文).Thereareotherstonepoststhathavestoodbyroadsidesforcenturies.Itwasn'tuntil1697thatanactwaspasseddeclaringthatguide-stonesmustbebuilt.Thisappliedtoremotepartsofthecountrywheretheremightbeconfusionastowhichpathledtothenearestmarkettown.Later,withtheappearanceoftheRoyalMail,thenumberrosestillfurther.Nowadaysmanyoftheseearlyroadsignsaredesignated(指定)asListedMonuments."Howtimeschange!"Lucy,anenthusiasticwalker,towhomIloanedthebook,exclaimed."Isupposenowweallrelyfarmoreuponmobilephonestoguideus.""Yettheyaren'tperfect.WheneverIgoout,Ipreferamap.Ineverhavetoworryaboutrunningoutofbattery.""I'malwaysgratefultowhoeverisplacingway-markersalongtheroute,"sheadded,"Isupposethathoweversureweare,alittleoutsideconfirmationisalwayswelcome."Lucyisquiterightthere.Lifeitselfcanofferusagreatmanychoicesofpath,andsometimesitisn'teasytoknowifwe'vechosenthebestone.Perhapswhenitcomestogratitude,weshouldalsoincludethanksforthosepeoplewhoappearinourliveswhenwemostneedthem—eithergivingusgentlewarningthatwemightbeheadinginthewrongdirection,orreassurancethatweareontherighttrack.Afterall,we'dbelostwithoutthem!4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"these"inthefirstparagraphreferto?A．Signposts. B．Abilities. C．Settlements. D．Shelters.5．Whatcontributedtotheinitialspreadofsignposts?A．Themarkettrade. B．Theactpassedin1697.C．Thediscoveryofthesandstone. D．TheappearanceoftheRoyalMail.6．WhatdoesLucythinkofsignposts?A．Popular. B．Outdated. C．Imperfect. D．Helpful.7．Whatdoestheauthorlearnfromsignposts?A．Tochooserighttracks. B．Toliveacolorfullife.C．Tohaveagratefulmind. D．Toofferpracticalchoices.三、C​​​​​​​ScientistsatPurdueUniversitycreatedtheworld'swhitestpaint—adiscoverythatnotonlyaddsyetanotherchoicetothe"whichwhiteshouldwepaintthiswall"dilemma,butalsomighthelptheclimatecrisis.ThepaintwasdevelopedbyPurduemechanicalengineeringprofessorXiulinRuanandhisteam.Itworksthroughapassivecoolingtechnologythatoffersgreatpromisestoreducespacecoolingcostandglobalwarming."Whenwestartedthisprojectsevenyearsago,wehadsavingenergyandfightingclimatechangeinmind,"Ruansaidinapodcast(播客)episodeofThisIsPurdue.Theywantedtocreateapaintthatwouldreflectsunlightawayfromabuilding,dramaticallydecreasingtheneedforairconditioning.Heating,cooling,andlightingaccountfor28percentoftheworld'stotalgreenhousegasemissions.Andoverusingairconditioningcanoverwhelmacity'spowergridandcauseblackouts(停电).InaQueensblackoutin2006,175,000peoplewereleftwithoutpower,whichleadto40deaths.Thispaintcouldeffectivelybeanalternativetoairconditionersinsomeplaces.Thepaintreflects98.1%ofsolarradiationwhilealsogivingoutinfrared(红外线的)heat.Becausethepainttakesinlessheatfromthesunthanitgivesout,asurfacecoatedwiththispaintiscooledbelowthesurroundingtemperaturewithoutusingpower.Coveringaroofareaof1,000squarefeetwiththepaintcouldcreate10kilowattsofcoolingpower,theresearchersfound."That'smorepowerfulthantheairconditionersusedbymosthouses,"RuantoldThisIsPurdue.Youcan'tbuythepaintjustyet,butresearchersarepartneringwithacompanytoputthepaintonthemarket.Whileindividualactiontofightelimatechangecanhelpsaveourplanet,it'simportanttonotethatthevastmajorityoftheworld'sgreenhousegasemissionscanbetracedbackto100companies.Maybewecandouse(浇)thosecompanieswiththiswhitepaint,too—itcouldbeworthashot.8．Whatisknownaboutthepaint?A．Ithasdifferentcolors. B．Itdoesn'tcostmuch.C．Itusesheatingtechnology. D．Itisclimate-friendly.9．WhatistheQueensblackoutmentionedtoshow?A．Thepoormanagementofpower. B．Thesignificanceofthepaint.C．Theimportanceofairconditioning. D．Theresultofglobalwarming.10．WhichaspectofthepaintistalkedaboutinParagraph4?A．Itsapplication. B．Itsfunction.C．Itscomposition. D．Itsdisadvantage.11．Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A．Thequalityofthepaintneedsimproving.B．Thepaintwillbringprofitstothe100companies.C．Researcherswanttoseethepaintincommercialuse.D．Individualeffortsmatterincreatingthewhitestpaint.四、D​​​​​​​Humanresponsestomoraldilemmas(两难选择)canbeinfluencedbystatementswrittenbytheartificialintelligencechatbotChatGPT,accordingtoastudypublishedinScientificReports.Thefindingsindicatethatusersmayunderestimatetheextenttowhichtheirownmoraljudgmentscanbeinfluencedbythechatbot.SebastianKrigelandcolleaguesaskedChatGPTmultipletimeswhetheritisrighttosacrifice(牺牲)thelifeofonepersoninordertosavethelivesoffiveothers.TheyfoundthatChatGPTwroterandomstatementsarguingbothforandagainstsacrificingonelife,indicatingthatitisnotbiasedtowardsacertainmoralstance(立场).Theauthorsthenpresented767U.S.participants,whowereonaverage39yearsold,withadilemmawhethertosacrificeoneperson'slifetosavefiveothers.Beforeanswering,participantsreadastatementprovidedbyChatGPTarguingeitherfororagainstsacrificingonelifetosavefive.StatementswerefromeitheramoraladvisororChatGPT.Afteranswering,participantswereaskedwhetherthestatementtheyreadinfluencedtheiranswers.Eightypercentofparticipantsreportedthattheiranswerswerenotinfluencedbythestatementstheyread.However,theauthorsfoundthattheanswersparticipantsbelievedtheywouldhaveprovidedwithoutreadingthestatementswerestillmorelikelytoagreewiththemoralstanceofthestatementtheydidreadthanwiththeoppositestance.ThisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluenceofChatGPT'sstatementsontheirownmoraljudgments.Theauthorssuggestthatthepotentialforchatbotstoinfluencehumanmoraljudgmentshighlightstheneedforeducationtohelphumansbetterunderstandartificialintelligence.Theyproposethatfutureresearchshoulddesignchatbotsthateitherdeclinetoanswerquestionsrequiringamoraljudgmentoranswerthesequestionsbyprovidingmultipleargumentsandwarnings.12．WhatareChatGPT'sanswerstoacertainmoralstancelikeaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Inconsistent. B．Valuable. C．Creative. D．Simple.13．Whatislearnedabouttheparticipants?A．TheyadmittedthepowerofChatGPT.B．Theywereinterviewedbyamoraladvisor.C．TheywereaffectedbyChatGPTunknowingly.D．Theywerepresentedwithdifferentmoraldilemmas.14．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Differentfindingsofthestudy.B．Futurepotentialsforchatbots.C．Majorfocusesoffutureeducation.D．Solutionstotheimpactofchatbots.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ChatGPTTendstoCauseMoralPanicsB．ChatGPT:IsItLikelytoAffectOurLife?C．ChatGPT:WhyIsItMakingUsSoNervous?D．ChatGPTCanInfluenceHumanMoralJudgments五、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。​​​​​​​Learninghowtocareforasadpersonwillhelpyoubethereforyourlovedonesandfriendswhentheyaredown.However,knowinghowtocareforasadpersonisnotsomethinganindividualisbornwith.16．Hereareafewtipsthatwilleventuallyhelpyouliftthespiritofasadperson.Giveahug.Huggingsomeoneshowsyouraffectionandcare.17．Thiscanmakethemfeelrelaxedandopentoyou.Thiscanalsohelpthemrecognizethatyouaretheretohelpthemgothroughthismoment.Withnokindandlovingwords,youractionshavealreadysaidalot.18．Now,goonandsaysomekindwords.Wordslike"I'mhere","weareinthistogether","you'llgetoverthis","leanonme"andsoon,canhelpasadpersonfeelbetterandknowthatyou'retheretotakehim/herthroughthesadmoment.Usetherighttoneofvoice.19．Theygoalongwithtonetoconveyameaningtothelistener.Toconveyyourwordswithfaiththatwouldcreateapositiveeffectonthesadperson,youwouldneedtosayitwiththerighttoneofvoice.Listenpatiently.Peopleasklotsofquestionsbuttheyenduppayinglittleattentiontogettingthefeedback(反馈)thattheywanted.Don'tbethatperson.Afteraskingthequestions,listenpatientlytoknowwhatthesadpersonwouldappreciateatthattime.20．A.Saykindlovingwords.B.Makeuseofpoliteexpressions.C.Thenchoosetoappreciateotherstoo.D.Rememberthatwordsdonotstandalone.E.Itwillhelpyouknowhowtoofferthebestfittinghelp.F.Thisknowledgeisgainedthroughresearchandpractice.G.Whenyoudothistosomeone,theycanfeelyourwarmth.六、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。​​​​​​​I'vebeeninan18-yearlove-haterelationshipwithablackwalnut(黑核桃树)．InlateSeptemberorearlyOctober,fallingfruitsas21．asbaseballsputyourheadatrisk.Patio(露台)umbrellasarea22．whiledininginthegardenbeginninginearlyAugust,andbecauseoftheamountoffruitthisseason,I23．myhelmetwhileworkinginthegarden.Also,theblackwalnutproducesachemicalsubstance(物质)throughitsrootsasa24．strategy,whichispoisonoustoseveralcommonplants.TherehavebeenmanynewplantvarietiesIbroughthomewith25．thatthewalnutwould26．acceptthem,buttheyallfailedtogrowwell.Whatdoes27．arenativeplantsthatnaturallygrowinthearea.Theyareimportanttohavearoundsincetheyprovidebeneficialpollinators(传粉者)likebirds,beesandbutterflieswithseedsand28．toahealthyenvironment.Nativeplantsforthisareaaregenerallyeasytogrow,sotheyexperienceless29．．HaveIthoughtofgettingridofthisgiant30．inmybackyard?Yes,31．,removingthistreestandingat50feetisnexttoimpossible.I'malso32．underthetree.Treesareimportanttotheurbanforestandforallofthosethatliveinit.Treesabsorbairpollutionandkeepcitiescoolerandmorelivable.Theyarehometomanybirdsandinsectspeciesandare33．forkeepingourenvironmentbalanced.Sometimes,I34．mylifewithouttheblackwalnut.Ican't35．aspringwithoutthebirdswhoarriveeveryyearandsingloudlybeforedawn.ImissfallingasleeponlazyweekendafternoonsasIlookupintoitsleavesbeforethe36．threatentofall.Everyspring,Iwonderwhattheseason37．:Whatarethechancesofbeingknocked38．whilebarbecuing?Likeanygoodrelationship,I'llneverbepleased.I'mstuckwiththistree,soI'lllistentoitsneedsandgiveitthespaceit39．.Inreturn,mywalnutoffersahometowildlifeandareminderthat40．,insteadofresistance,isthebetterwaytobe.21．A．aggressive B．powerful C．fast D．hard22．A．comfort B．must C．favor D．decision23．A．carry B．keep C．wear D．prepare24．A．competitive B．basic C．conservative D．successful25．A．hopes B．curiosity C．directions D．enthusiasm26．A．suddenly B．generally C．possibly D．carefully27．A．improve B．work C．stand D．change28．A．relate B．adapt C．contribute D．stick29．A．harm B．disaster C．survival D．stress30．A．assignment B．thrill C．pain D．treasure31．A．however B．even C．instead D．somehow32．A．planted B．protected C．removed D．managed33．A．suitable B．practical C．responsible D．necessary34．A．livethrough B．thinkabout C．focuson D．callfor35．A．see B．welcome C．forget D．imagine36．A．nuts B．worries C．trees D．branches37．A．produces B．values C．holds D．undertakes38．A．unbearable B．unbelievable C．unable D．unconscious39．A．requires B．saves C．chooses D．creates40．A．patience B．acceptance C．preference D．tolerance七、第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Threemillionyearsmayseemlikealongtime.ButwhenyouconsiderthatplanetEarthismorethan4.5billionyearsold,itisaprettyshortperiodoftime.Thebluewhale,41．(weigh)morethaneventhebiggestdinosaurs,isthelargestanimal42．haseverlived.Theycangrowto30meterslongandbeasheavyas130,000kilograms.Butformillionsofyears,theywerenotnearlythatlarge,scientistssaid."Allofasudden—‘boom'—wesee43．(they)getverybig,"saidscientistNickPyenson.Heandother44．(researcher)recentlypublishedanarticleonwhalesize."It'slikegoingfromwhalesthesizeofminivans(面包车)tolongerthantwoschoolbuses,"Pyensonadded.Thescientistsbelieve45．causedwhalestogetsolargewasachangeintheEarth'sclimateonlyabout3millionyearsago.Thischangeledtofoodbecomingmore46．(easy)available.47．oncomingiceagemadetheoceanwatercoldand48．(bring)morenutrients,resultinginmorefoodforlargewhales.Whaleswhichwereabletoquickly-eatalotoffoodsurvived,andgot49．(large)."Overthenextthreeorfourmillionyears,thebluewhalesgrew10timesbiggerthanthey50．(be),"thescientistssaid.八、第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加个漏字符号（/\），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Withthedevelopmentofnetwork,distancelearningisgainingmorepopular.People'sopinionsaboutitvariesfromonetoanother.Inmyopinion,itwon'treplacewithtraditionallearning.Firstly,itisn'tsuitablyforstudentswhopreferdirectcommunicationwithteachers.What'sbad,studyingonlinetoolongwilldoharmtostudents'eyes.However,itisitsflexibilityintimeandplacewhichbenefitsteachingandlearning.Also,itreleasesteachersfromrepeatthesamecontentssincethevideooraudiomaterialscanplayedrepeatedly.Soitisaeffectiveadditiontotraditionallearning.Briefly,thecombinationofdistancelearningandtraditionallearningcanhelpstudentsrealizetheirpotentialwhenputtingintopractice.九、第二节书面表达(满分25分)52．请你以"ScienceAndTechnologyInfluenceOurLife"为题，给校刊"英语角"栏目写一篇英文稿件，内容包括：1.举例说明科学技术给学校教育和我们生活带来的新变化；2.你的感受。注意：1.短文词数不少于100词。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3.文中不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。ScienceAndTechnologyInfluenceOurLife_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．B3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几处会令人感到惊奇的地方，包括美国加利福尼亚州的死亡谷、突尼斯的凯比利、苏丹的瓦迪哈勒法以及伊朗的卢特沙漠，讲述了这些地方的极端高温情况及其他一些特点。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．推理判断题。根据DeathValley,California,USA部分中的"Verylivelyatnightbutcompletelydeadduringtheday,thisplaceisnothingbutdryhotdesert.Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord.AsthedriestplaceintheUSA,thisplaceisactuallyinhabitedeventhoughlessthanathousandpeoplelivethere."这个地方晚上很热闹，但白天完全死气沉沉，只不过是干热的沙漠。它实际上保持着最热空气温度的记录。它的平均温度为46℃，但在1913年达到了56.7℃，被认为是目前的记录。作为美国最干旱的地方，这个地方实际上有人居住，尽管那里只有不到1000人。可知DeathValley是美国最干旱的地区；由此可知，这个地方很少下雨。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据DeathValley,California,USA部分中的"Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord."它实际上保持着最高气温的记录。它的平均气温为46℃，但在1913年达到了56.7℃，被认为是目前的记录；Kebili,Tunisia部分中的"Tunisia'scloselocationtotheMediterraneanSeasuggeststhatitshouldbeniceandcoolbutKebiliisadeserttownwhichhasthehighesttemperaturerecordedat55℃."突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它应该是凉爽宜人的，但Kebili是一个沙漠小镇，有记录的最高温度为55℃；WādīHalfā,Sudan部分中的"Withanaveragetemperatureof41℃,itstillmanagedtomakeitto53℃in1967."这里的平均气温为41℃，但在1967年却达到了53℃；以及Dasht-eLutDesert,Iran部分中的"It'sanotheruninhabiteddesertwhichisactuallygettingsuperhot.Inthepast20years,thetemperaturesof70℃havebeenrecorded."这是另一个无人居住的沙漠，实际上变得超级热。在过去的20年里，已有温度达到了70℃的记录。可知，有记载的最高温度在伊朗的Dasht-eLut沙漠，达到70℃。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据DeathValley,California,USA部分中的"Verylivelyatnightbutcompletelydeadduringtheday,thisplaceisnothingbutdryhotdesert.Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord.AsthedriestplaceintheUSA,thisplaceisactuallyinhabitedeventhoughlessthanathousandpeoplelivethere."晚上非常热闹，但白天完全死气沉沉，这个地方只不过是干燥炎热的沙漠。它实际上保持着最热空气温度的记录。它的平均温度为46℃，但在1913年已达到56.7℃，被认为是目前的记录。作为美国最干燥的地方，这个地方实际上也有人居住，尽管只有不到一千人居住在那里；Kebili,Tunisia部分中的"Tunisia'scloselocationtotheMediterraneanSeasuggeststhatitshouldbeniceandcoolbutKebiliisadeserttownwhichhasthehighesttemperaturerecordedat55℃.Thepeopleinhabitingtheareahaveadjustedtotoughconditionsandlearnedtospendmostoftheirtimeintheshade."突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它应该是凉爽宜人的，但Kebili是一个沙漠小镇，有记录的最高温度为55℃。居住在该地区的人们已经适应了恶劣的条件，并学会了大部分时间都在阴凉处度过；WādīHalfā,Sudan部分中的"ThecityislocatedontheshoresofLakeNubia,andduststormsareaprettycommonthinginthesummer.Withanaveragetemperatureof41℃,itstillmanagedtomakeitto53℃in1967."这座城市位于努比亚湖畔，沙尘暴在夏天是很常见的事情。这里的平均气温为41℃，但在1967年却达到了53℃；以及Dasht-eLutDesert,Iran部分中的"It'sanotheruninhabiteddesertwhichisactuallygettingsuperhot.Inthepast20years,thetemperaturesof70℃havebeenrecorded.Thesaltdesertspreadsover200milesandevenwildlifeisnotthatspread.Theplaceispopularwithtouristsandnaturalistswhowouldliketoexperienceextremelandscapes."这是另一个无人居住的沙漠，实际上变得超级热。在过去的20年里，气温达到了70℃。盐沙漠绵延200多英里，甚至连野生动物都没有那么广泛。这个地方很受想体验极端风景的游客和博物学家的欢迎。可知，这四个地区共同之处是它们都是地球上最热的地方。故选C。【答案】4．A5．B6．D7．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了路标的历史和作用，引发对生活中指引的思考，指出我们应对那些在关键时刻出现、为我们指引正确方向或给予警示的人心怀感激，因为他们如同路标一样，让我们在生活中不至于迷失。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。4．代词指代题。根据第一段中的"RecentlyIboughtabookaboutsignposts.Signpostsaren'tveryinteresting,you'rethinking.Well,that,ofcourse,dependsonwhetheryouhappentobelost!"最近我买了一本关于路标的书。你在想，路标没什么意思。嗯，那当然要看你是不是碰巧迷路了；以及"Ancienttravelerswouldhavebeengratefulforthesewhensettlementsweresmallerandfurtherapart."当定居点更小、距离更远的时候，古代旅行者会很感激这些。可知，划线单词these指的就是上文中提到的路标。故选A。5．细节理解题。根据第二段"OneoftheveryearliestwaymarksdiscoveredisinCumbria.DatingfromRomantimes,ithadlainfallenuntil1836,whenafarmerploughinghisfieldscameacrossasandstoneshaft(碑文).Thereareotherstonepoststhathavestoodbyroadsidesforcenturies.Itwasn'tuntil1697thatanactwaspasseddeclaringthatguide-stonesmustbebuilt."最早发现的路标之一是在坎布里亚郡。它始建于罗马时代，直到1836年，一个农民在耕地时偶然发现了一个砂岩井。还有一些石柱已经矗立在路边几个世纪了。直到1697年才通过一项法案，宣布必须建造路标。可知，1697年通过的法案促成了路标最初的传播。故选B。6．推理判断题。根据第六段"‘Yettheyaren'tperfect.WheneverIgoout,Ipreferamap.Ineverhavetoworryaboutrunningoutofbattery.'‘I'malwaysgratefultowhoeverisplacingway-markersalongtheroute,'sheadded,‘Isupposethathoweversureweare,alittleoutsideconfirmationisalwayswelcome.'""然而，它们并不完美。无论我什么时候出去，我都喜欢带着地图。我从来不用担心没电了。"无论谁在沿途设置路标，我都很感激，"她补充说，"我想，无论我们多么确定，一点外界的确认总是受欢迎的。"可推知，露西对路标的看法是认为它是有帮助的。故选D。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段"Perhapswhenitcomestogratitude,weshouldalsoincludethanksforthosepeoplewhoappearinourliveswhenwemostneedthem—eithergivingusgentlewarningthatwemightbeheadinginthewrongdirection,orreassurancethatweareontherighttrack."也许说到感恩，我们也应该感谢那些在我们最需要他们的时候出现在我们生活中的人——他们要么温和地警告我们可能走错了方向，要么安慰我们走在正确的道路上。毕竟，没有他们我们会迷路的！可推知，作者从路标中学到了要有感恩的心。故选C。【答案】8．D9．B10．B11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，普渡大学科学家研发出世界上最白的涂料，该涂料通过被动冷却技术能反射大部分太阳辐射并释放红外线热量，可降低建筑对空调的需求，减少空间制冷成本和全球变暖影响，虽尚未上市但前景可期；同时指出个人行动虽有助于应对气候变化，但全球大部分温室气体排放源于少数公司，引发对更广泛减排举措的思考。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的"ThepaintwasdevelopedbyPurduemechanicalengineeringprofessorXiulinRuanandhisteam.Itworksthroughapassivecoolingtechnologythatoffersgreatpromisestoreducespacecoolingcostandglobalwarming."这种涂料是由普渡大学机械工程教授阮秀林和他的团队开发的。它的工作原理是一种被动冷却技术，这种技术很有希望降低空间冷却成本和全球变暖。可知，关于涂料我们知道它是气候友好型的。故选D。9．推理判断题。根据第三段中的"InaQueensblackoutin2006,175,000peoplewereleftwithoutpower,whichleadto40deaths.Thispaintcouldeffectivelybeanalternativetoairconditionersinsomeplaces."在2006年皇后区的一次大停电中，17.5万人没有电，导致40人死亡。在一些地方，这种涂料可以有效地替代空调。可推知，皇后区停电事件是为了说明涂料的意义。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Thepaintreflects98.1%ofsolarradiationwhilealsogivingoutinfrared(红外线的)heat.Becausethepainttakesinlessheatfromthesunthanitgivesout,asurfacecoatedwiththispaintiscooledbelowthesurroundingtemperaturewithoutusingpower.Coveringaroofareaof1,000squarefeetwiththepaintcouldcreate10kilowattsofcoolingpower,theresearchersfound.‘That'smorepowerfulthantheairconditionersusedbymosthouses,'RuantoldThisIsPurdue."这种涂料能反射98.1%的太阳辐射，同时还能发出红外线。由于这种涂料从太阳吸收的热量比散发的热量少，涂上这种涂料的表面可以在不使用电力的情况下冷却到周围温度以下。研究人员发现，用这种涂料覆盖1000平方英尺的屋顶可以产生10千瓦的冷却功率。"这比大多数家庭使用的空调更强大，"阮告诉ThisIsPurdue。可知，第四段主要谈论了涂料的功能方面的内容。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段"Youcan'tbuythepaintjustyet,butresearchersarepartneringwithacompanytoputthepaintonthemarket.Whileindividualactiontofightelimatechangecanhelpsaveourplanet,it'simportanttonotethatthevastmajorityoftheworld'sgreenhousegasemissionscanbetracedbackto100companies.Maybewecandouse(浇)thosecompanieswiththiswhitepaint,too—itcouldbeworthashot."你现在还不能买到这种涂料，但研究人员正在与一家公司合作，将这种涂料推向市场。虽然个人行动对抗气候变化可以帮助拯救我们的地球，但重要的是要注意，世界上绝大多数温室气体排放可以追溯到100家公司。也许我们可以把这些公司也涂上这种白漆——值得一试。可推知，研究人员希望看到这种涂料在商业上的应用。故选C。【答案】12．A13．C14．D15．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项发表于《科学报告》的研究表明，人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写的陈述会影响人类对道德困境的反应，用户可能低估了自身道德判断受聊天机器人影响的程度。研究人员让ChatGPT就"牺牲一人救五人"的道德困境给出不同陈述，然后让美国参与者阅读相关陈述后作答，尽管多数参与者称陈述未影响其答案，但实际结果显示他们可能低估了这种影响。作者由此指出，聊天机器人影响人类道德判断的潜在可能性凸显了开展教育以助人类更好理解人工智能的必要性，并提议未来研究应设计拒绝回答道德判断问题或提供多种论点和警告的聊天机器人。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和标题归纳四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。12．推理判断题。根据第二段中的"TheyfoundthatChatGPTwroterandomstatementsarguingbothforandagainstsacrificingonelife,indicatingthatitisnotbiasedtowardsacertainmoralstance(立场)."他们发现，ChatGPT随机写出支持或反对牺牲一条生命的陈述，这表明它并不偏向于某种道德立场。可推知，ChatGPT对某种道德立场的回答不一致。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"ThisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluenceofChatGPT'sstatementsontheirownmoraljudgments."这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响。可知，参与者在不知不觉中受到了ChatGPT的影响。故选C。14．段落大意题。根据最后一段"Theauthorssuggestthatthepotentialforchatbotstoinfluencehumanmoraljudgmentshighlightstheneedforeducationtohelphumansbetterunderstandartificialintelligence.Theyproposethatfutureresearchshoulddesignchatbotsthateitherdeclinetoanswerquestionsrequiringamoraljudgmentoranswerthesequestionsbyprovidingmultipleargumentsandwarnings."作者认为，聊天机器人影响人类道德判断的潜力凸显了教育的必要性，以帮助人类更好地理解人工智能。他们提出，未来的研究应该设计出这样的聊天机器人：要么拒绝回答需要道德判断的问题，要么通过提供多种论证和警告来回答这些问题。可知，最后一段主要讲解决聊天机器人影响人类道德判断力的方法。故选D。15．标题归纳题。根据第一段中的"Humanresponsestomoraldilemmas(两难选择)canbeinfluencedbystatementswrittenbytheartificialintelligencechatbotChatGPT,accordingtoastudypublishedinScientificReports."发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写言论的影响；以及倒数第二段中的"ThisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluenceofChatGPT'sstatementsontheirownmoraljudgments."这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响；并结合文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。可知"ChatGPT可以影响人类的道德判断"适合做文章标题。故选D。【答案】16．F；17．G；18．A；19．D；20．E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，指出人们并非天生就懂得如何照顾伤心的人，随后给出了一些能最终帮助提振伤心者情绪的建议，包括给予拥抱、说贴心话、使用恰当的语调以及耐心倾听。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Learninghowtocareforasadpersonwillhelpyoubethereforyourlovedonesandfriendswhentheyaredown.However,knowinghowtocareforasadpersonisnotsomethinganindividualisbornwith."学习如何关心一个伤心的人会帮助你在你爱的人和朋友倒下的时候陪在他们身边。然而，知道如何照顾一个伤心的人并不是一个人与生俱来的。提到"知道如何照顾一个伤心的人并不是一个人与生俱来的"，说明需要通过研究和实践获得，F.Thisknowledgeisgainedthroug