错失恐惧对大学生抑郁的影响：学业拖延的中介作用和网络依赖的调节作用

摘要目的：探讨错失恐惧对大学生抑郁的影响，及学业拖延的中介作用和网络依赖的调节作用。方法：采用错失焦虑量表、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表简体中文版、学业拖延量表、中文网络成瘾量表（修订版）对455名大学生施测。结果：（1）错失恐惧与大学生抑郁正相关，且学业拖延在在这一关系中起中介作用；（2）错失恐惧和网络依赖的交互项对学业拖延的预测作用显著，学业拖延和网络依赖的交互项对抑郁的预测作用显著。结论：学业拖延在错失恐惧与大学生抑郁之间起中介作用。网络依赖调节学业拖延中介过程的前半段和后半段路径，对于低网络依赖水平大学生，错失恐惧对学业拖延存在正向预测作用；随着网络依赖水平的升高，学业拖延对大学生抑郁的正向影响越强。关键词：错失恐惧、抑郁、学业拖延、网络依赖、大学生AbstractObjective:ThisstudyaimedtoexploretheimpactofFearofMissingOut(FoMO)ondepressivesymptomsamongcollegestudents,aswellasthemediatingroleofacademicprocrastinationandthemoderatingroleofinternetdependence.Methods:Asampleof455collegestudentswasassessedusingtheFearofMissingOutScale(FoMOs),theChineseVersionofDASS-21,theChineseVersionofProcrastinationAssessmentScale-Students(PASS),andtheChineseInternetAddictionScale-Revised(CIAS-R).Results:(1)FoMOwaspositivelycorrelatedwithdepressivesymptoms,andacademicprocrastinationmediatedthisrelationship;(2)TheinteractiontermbetweenFoMOandinternetdependencesignificantlypredictedacademicprocrastination,andtheinteractiontermbetweenacademicprocrastinationandinternetdependencesignificantlypredicteddepressivesymptoms.Conclusion:AcademicprocrastinationmediatestherelationshipbetweenFoMOanddepressivesymptoms.Internetdependencemoderatedboththefirsthalf(FoMO→academicprocrastination)andthesecondhalf(academicprocrastination→depressivesymptoms)ofthemediatingpathway.Specifically,FoMOpositivelypredictedacademicprocrastinationamongstudentswithlowinternetdependence,whilethepositiveeffectofacademicprocrastinationondepressivesymptomsstrengthenedasinternetdependencelevelsincreased.Keywords:FearofMissingOut(FoMO);DepressiveSymptoms;AcademicProcrastination;InternetDependence;CollegeStudents目录1 引言 引言随着社交媒体的普及，错失恐惧（FearofMissingOut,FoMO）作为一种新型数字焦虑现象，逐渐成为影响大学生心理健康的重要风险因素。已有研究表明，错失恐惧与抑郁情绪存在显著正相关ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"OHDu6SSk","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[1,2]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[1,2]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":37,"uris":["/users/17089240/items/FZTMBE9X"],"itemData":{"id":37,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Socialmediautilitieshavemadeiteasierthanevertoknowabouttherangeofonlineorofflinesocialactivitiesonecouldbeengaging.Ontheupside,thesesocialresourcesprovideamultitudeofopportunitiesforinteraction;onthedownside,theyoftenbroadcastmoreoptionsthancanbepursued,givenpracticalrestrictionsandlimitedtime.ThisdualnatureofsocialmediahasdrivenpopularinterestintheconceptofFearofMissingOut–popularlyreferredtoasFoMO.Definedasapervasiveapprehensionthatothersmightbehavingrewardingexperiencesfromwhichoneisabsent,FoMOischaracterizedbythedesiretostaycontinuallyconnectedwithwhatothersaredoing.Thepresentresearchpresentsthreestudiesconductedtoadvanceanempiricallybasedunderstandingofthefearofmissingoutphenomenon.ThefirststudycollectedadiverseinternationalsampleofparticipantsinordertocreatearobustindividualdifferencesmeasureofFoMO,theFearofMissingOutscale(FoMOs);thisstudyisthefirsttooperationalizetheconstruct.Study2recruitedanationallyrepresentativecohorttoinvestigatehowdemographic,motivationalandwell-beingfactorsrelatetoFoMO.Study3examinedthebehavioralandemotionalcorrelatesoffearofmissingoutinasampleofyoungadults.ImplicationsoftheFoMOsmeasureandforthefuturestudyofFoMOarediscussed.","container-title":"ComputersinHumanBehavior","DOI":"10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014","ISSN":"07475632","issue":"4","journalAbbreviation":"ComputersinHumanBehavior","language":"en","page":"1841-1848","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"Motivational,emotional,andbehavioralcorrelatesoffearofmissingout","volume":"29","author":[{"family":"Przybylski","given":"AndrewK."},{"family":"Murayama","given":"Kou"},{"family":"DeHaan","given":"CodyR."},{"family":"Gladwell","given":"Valerie"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",7]]}}},{"id":27,"uris":["/users/17089240/items/S4STIULY"],"itemData":{"id":27,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"错失恐惧是指个体因担心错失他人的新奇经历或正性事件而产生的一种弥散性焦虑。错失恐惧受人格特质、心理需要、社交媒体使用行为和年龄等因素的影响。错失恐惧对社交媒体使用、心理社会适应具有重要影响,且在其他变量对其影响中起中介作用。未来研究的关键在于邻近概念的区分、测量方式和研究方法的改进以及影响因素和后效的探讨。","call-number":"11-4766/R","container-title":"心理科学进展","ISSN":"1671-3710","issue":"3","language":"zh","note":"CNKICite:292","page":"527-537","title":"错失恐惧:我又错过了什么?","volume":"26","author":[{"family":"柴唤友","given":""},{"family":"牛更枫","given":""},{"family":"褚晓伟","given":""},{"family":"魏祺","given":""},{"family":"宋玉红","given":""},{"family":"孙晓军","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[1,2]，其机制可能涉及个体因过度关注社交动态而分散学业注意力，进而引发拖延行为ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"oA8niq59","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[3,4]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[3,4]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":59,"uris":["/users/17089240/items/W6W49M7X"],"itemData":{"id":59,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"ComputersinHumanBehavior","DOI":"10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.057","ISSN":"07475632","journalAbbreviation":"ComputersinHumanBehavior","language":"en","page":"111-119","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"Collegestudents’academicmotivation,mediaengagementandfearofmissingout","volume":"49","author":[{"family":"Alt","given":"Dorit"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",8]]}}},{"id":125,"uris":["/users/17089240/items/A8Y64PKV"],"itemData":{"id":125,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"目的:检验错失焦虑量表（FoMOs）在大学生群体中的适用性。方法:选取哈尔滨市2所高校的大学生共1021名,其中553名（样本1）用于条目分析和探索性因子分析,468名（样本2）用于验证性因子分析和内部一致性信度检验。间隔2周后,在样本1中选取86名进行重测。在样本2中选取228名施测状态特质焦虑量表（STAI）、社交网站使用强度量表（FIS）检验效标效度。结果:探索性因子分析得到错失信息恐惧、错失情境恐惧2个因子,累积解释量表总变异量的57.42%;验证性因子分析显示模型拟合良好（χ²/df=3.90,CFI=0.95,GFI=0.97,TLI=0.92,IFI=0.95,RMSEA=0.08）;效标效度检验显示,FoMOs中文版与STAI、FIS得分均呈正相关（r=0.30、0.31,均P<0.001）。总量表的Cronbachα系数为0.72,2个因子的α系数分别为0.78、0.70;总量表的重测信度为0.85,2个因子的分别为0.80和0.66。结论:错失焦虑量表中文版在大学生样本中具有良好的效度和信度,可以作为评估大学生错失焦虑程度的工具。","call-number":"11-1873/R","container-title":"中国心理卫生杂志","ISSN":"1000-6729","issue":"4","language":"zh","note":"CNKICite:145","page":"312-317","title":"错失焦虑量表测评大学生的效度和信度","volume":"33","author":[{"family":"李琦","given":""},{"family":"王佳宁","given":""},{"family":"赵思琦","given":""},{"family":"贾彦茹","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[3,4]。学业拖延作为中介变量，在错失恐惧与抑郁之间的传导作用已得到部分验证ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"9eiBz0Ub","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[5,6]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[5,6]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":116,"uris":["/users/17089240/items/3TXDVUMI"],"itemData":{"id":116,"type":"paper-conference","abstract":"青少年的学业拖延现象一直是普遍存在的,这不仅会滋生消极情绪,更严重影响了他们的学业成绩和未来发展。以往有研究发现错失恐惧与拖延呈正相关,由错失恐惧引发的问题行为可能会造成精力分散,从而加剧拖延,但关于错失恐惧对学业拖延的影响机制还未有太多探究。前人依据时间折扣理论认为,人们使用社交媒体时间越长,频率越高,则拖延程度越严重,许多研究也发现自我控制与拖延关系密切,所以推测自我控制会调节社交媒体使用对拖延的影响。同时大量研究表明,基于自我决定理论,个体的错失恐惧水平越高,其问题性社交媒体使用就越严重。因此本研究探讨错失恐惧与学业拖延之间的关系,并提出一个有调节的中介模型,考察问题性移动社交媒体使用的中介效应和自我控制的调节效应。研究采用问卷调查的方式,对500名中学生进行施测,测量工具包括错失恐惧量表、问题性移动社交媒体使用量表、自我控制量表、中学生学业拖延量表。结果表明:(1)错失恐惧显著正向预测学业拖延。(2)错失恐惧会增加青少年的问题性移动社交媒体使用,进而增加学业拖延,即问题性移动社交媒体使用在错失恐惧与学业拖延之间起着中介作用。(3)错失恐惧通过问题性移动社交媒体使用对学业拖延行为的间接影响会受自我控制的调节,表现为在自我控制水平低的个体中,这种效应更为显著。综上所述,问题性移动社交媒体使用是错失恐惧与中学生学业拖延的重要中介机制,且对中学生学业拖延的影响受自我控制的调节。因此,本研究不仅有助于揭示青少年学业拖延的潜在作用机制,而且启示我们,在开展针对中学生学业拖延的措施时,我们可以从环境和个体两方面综合考虑,既要降低完成学习任务与翻阅手机之间即时价值的差距,将翻阅手机的成本提高,比如关机或者将手机放到远离学习地点的地方,使他们不能过度使用移动社交媒体,同时也要从他们个人身上下手,提高自我控制的能力。","DOI":"10.26914/kihy.2021.039889","note":"CNKICite:3","page":"221-223","publisher":"中国心理学会","title":"错失恐惧对中学生学业拖延的影响：有调节的中介模型","author":[{"family":"贺宁","given":""},{"family":"苗振东","given":""},{"family":"柯杰","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]}}},{"id":40,"uris":["/users/17089240/items/DY58BBAP"],"itemData":{"id":40,"type":"thesis","abstract":"近年来,学业拖延已成为自主学习研究领域的热门话题,大学生的学业拖延则成为了相关研究领域的重要研究对象。社交网络的发展以及网络信息的复杂纷繁,使社交网络成为当今社会人际交流和互动的主要工具,大学生作为社交网络使用的主要力量,在社交网络上的不良使用上已经反映出许多心理和生理问题。错失恐惧是指个体担忧因错过一些有价值的信息而损害自身的相关利益所产生的一种弥散性焦虑。在当今的时代背景下已有不少研究证明错失恐惧与社交网络成瘾息息相关,但对于大学生的错失恐惧对学业造成的影响,目前的研究较少涉及,并且社交网络成瘾在二者的关系间起到什么作用,以及是否有其他因素在当中起到重要作用都值得探索。因此,本文旨在研究在社交网络广泛使用的背景下,探讨错失恐惧与学业拖延之间的关系,并以社交网络成瘾和基本心理需要作为中介变量来探究其内部作用机制。研究主要采用问卷调查法来探讨错失恐惧、社交网络成瘾、基本心理需要满足以及学业拖延之间的联系,并进一步探讨在错失恐惧对学业拖延的影响中社交网络成瘾和基本心理需要的链式中介作用。通过对492名在校大学生的数据进行相关和中介效应分析,研究结果发现:(1)错失恐惧与社交网络成瘾、学业拖延存在正相关,而与基本心理需求的满足呈负相关。社交网络成瘾与学业拖延呈正相关,而基本心理需求满足与学业拖延呈显著负相关。(2)错失恐惧在年级、专业以及是否独生子女上存在显著性差异。本科一年级和四年级学生的错失恐惧水平显著高于本科二年级学生和研究生。其次,在整体年级分组中,本科生四年级错失恐惧程度最高,而研究生错失恐惧的程度最低。理工科学生的错失恐惧程度高于文科学生。独生子女的错失恐惧程度明显高于非独生子女。(3)社交网络成瘾在年级和父母教养方式上存在显著性差异。本科四年级学生的社交网络成瘾程度最高,显著高于其他年级学生,本科二年级学生的社交网络成瘾程度在总体年级分组中显示最低。父母教养方式为放养型的学生社交网络成瘾显著高于民主型教养方式的学生。(4)基本心理需要在父母教养方式上存在显著性差异。父母教养方式为民主型的学生其基本心理需要的满足水平显著高于权威型教养方式的学生。(5)学业拖延在各人口学变量上均无显著性差异。(6)社交网络成瘾在错失恐惧和学业拖延之间起中介作用。(7)社交网络成瘾与基本心理需要在错失恐惧对学业拖延的链式中介效应中显著,起完全中介作用。综上所述,本研究从实际问题出发,丰富了学业拖延的相关研究。证明错失恐惧对大...","genre":"硕士","language":"zh","note":"CNKICite:1","publisher":"杭州师范大学","title":"错失恐惧对学业拖延的影响：社交网络成瘾和基本心理需要的链式中介作用","author":[{"family":"刘琼琼","given":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[5,6]。此外，网络依赖作为调节变量，可能通过影响个体对现实任务的投入程度，改变错失恐惧与学业拖延的关联强度ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"friztvif","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[7,8]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[7,8]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":235,"uris":["/users/17089240/items/AG2JX3RT"],"itemData":{"id":235,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"以北京五所高校大学生为样本,修订了中文网络成瘾量表(CIAS-R),并在此基础上界定出正常群体,网络依赖群体与网络成瘾群体的划分标准。三类群体在网络休闲占课余时间百分比、强迫症状及人际关系敏感得分上均有显著差异。","container-title":"心理发展与教育","ISSN":"1001-4918","issue":"4","language":"zh-CN","note":"foundation:教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目网络思想教育(项目号:03JZD0037)；\ndownload:10541\nalbum:哲学与人文科学;社会科学Ⅱ辑\nCLC:B844.2;\ndbcode:CJFQ\ndbname:CJFD2005\nfilename:XLFZ200504018\nCNKICite:430","page":"99-104","source":"CNKI","title":"大学生网络依赖测量工具的修订与应用","author":[{"literal":"白羽"},{"literal":"樊富珉"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2005"]]}}},{"id":61,"uris":["/users/17089240/items/MFQQFCHC"],"itemData":{"id":61,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"AddictiveBehaviorsReports","DOI":"10.1016/j.abrep.2017.04.001","ISSN":"23528532","journalAbbreviation":"AddictiveBehaviorsReports","language":"en","page":"33-42","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"Online-specificfearofmissingoutandInternet-useexpectanciescontributetosymptomsofInternet-communicationdisorder","volume":"5","author":[{"family":"Wegmann","given":"Elisa"},{"family":"Oberst","given":"Ursula"},{"family":"Stodt","given":"Benjamin"},{"family":"Brand","given":"Matthias"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",6]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[7,8]。然而，现有研究多聚焦于单一中介或调节路径，对网络依赖如何动态调节“错失恐惧→学业拖延→抑郁”这一链式机制的探索仍不充分。尽管学界已初步揭示错失恐惧通过学业拖延影响抑郁的间接路径ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"ro0JEzyp","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[9,10]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[9,10]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":200,"uris":["/users/17089240/items/JIUWZ3ID"],"itemData":{"id":200,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"JournalofRational-Emotive&Cognitive-BehaviorTherapy","DOI":"10.1007/s10942-016-0235-1","ISSN":"0894-9085,1573-6563","issue":"3","journalAbbreviation":"JRat-EmoCognitive-BehavTher","language":"en","page":"169-186","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"ProcrastinationandDepressionfromaCognitivePerspective:AnExplorationoftheAssociationsAmongProcrastinatoryAutomaticThoughts,Rumination,andMindfulness","title-short":"ProcrastinationandDepressionfromaCognitivePerspective","volume":"34","author":[{"family":"Flett","given":"AlisonL."},{"family":"Haghbin","given":"Mohsen"},{"family":"Pychyl","given":"TimothyA."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",9]]}}},{"id":74,"uris":["/users/17089240/items/I7273N3T"],"itemData":{"id":74,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Computers&Education","DOI":"10.1016/pedu.2010.07.025"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