南京大学网络教育入学测试专升本英语样卷一

南京大学网络教育入学测试专升本英语样卷一I.VocabularyandStructure(40points)Directions:Thereare40incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we_inEuropefortwoweekA.shallstayB.havestayedC.willhavestayedD.havebeenstaying2.Iappreciate_toyourhomA.tobeinvitedB.tohaveinvitedC.havinginvitedD.beinginvited3.Themanagerpromisedtokeepme_ofhowourbusinesswasgoingoA.tobeinformedB.oninformingC.informedD.informing4.Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds_hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheorA.tobebasedonB.tobaseonC.whichtobaseonD.onwhichtobase5._evidencethatlanguageacquiringabilitymustbestimulateA.ItbeingB.ItisC.ThereisD.Therebeing6.ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebut_thepolicA.calledinB.callinginC.callinD.tocallin7.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,_,infact,IwastalkingaboutmyowndaughteA.whomB.whereC.whichD.while8.Thestormsweepingoverthisareanowissuretocause_ofvegetablesinthecomingdayA.rarityB.scarcityC.invalidityD.variety9.HewroteanarticlecriticizingtheGreekpoetandwon_andascholarshiA.faithB.statusC.fameD.courage10.Jackwishesthathe_businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversitA.studiedB.studyC.hadstudiedD.hadbeenstudying11.TheolderNewEnglandvillageshavechangedrelativelylittle_agasstationortwoinrecentdecadeA.exceptforB.inadditiontoC.exceptD.besides12.TheCarClubcouldn’t_tomeetthedemandsofallitsmemberA.ensureB.guaranteeC.assumeD.confirm13.Extensivereportingontelevisionhashelpedto_interestinawidevarietyofsportsandactivitieA.gatherB.generateC.assembleD.yield14.Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembers_ofhowthenegotiationsweregoingoA.informB.informingC.beinformedD.informed15.Eatingtoomuchfatcan_heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressurA.contributetoB.attributetoC.attendtoD.devoteto16.Allthetasks_aheadoftime,theydecidedtogoonholidayforaweeA.hadbeenfulfilledB.werefulfilledC.havingbeenfulfilledD.beenfulfilled17.Thisarticle_moreattentiontotheproblemofculturalinterferenceinforeignlanguageteachingandlearninA.caresforB.appliesforC.allowsforD.callsfor18.Hewaspunished_heshouldmakethesamemistakeagaiA.unlessB.lestC.ifD.provided19.Petrolisrefinedfromthe_oilwetakeoutofthegrounA.crudeB.freshC.rudeD.original20._intheUnitedStates,St.Louishasnowbecomethe24thlargestcitA.ThefourthbiggestcityitwasB.OncethefourthbiggestcityC.BeingthefourthbiggestcityD.Itwasoncethefourthbiggestcity21.Hedidn’thavetimetoreadthereportwordforword:hejust_iA.skimmedB.observedC.overlookedD.glanced22.Theleaderoftheexpedition_everyonetofollowhisexamplA.promotedB.reinforcedC.sparkedD.inspired23.Whatalovelyparty!It’sworth_allmylifA.rememberingB.torememberC.toberememberedD.beingremembered24.Whowouldyourather_withyou,GeorgeormA.goingB.togoC.havegoneD.went25.The_goalofthebookistohelpbridgethegapbetweenresearchandteaching,particularlythegapbetweenresearchersandteacherA.intensiveB.conciseC.jointD.overall26.Theownerandeditorofthenewspaper_theconferencA.wereattendingB.weretoattendC.istoattendD.aretoattend27.Weleftthemeeting,thereobviously_nopointinstayinA.wereB.beingC.tobeD.having28.Theirproductsarefrequentlyoverpricedand_inqualitA.influentialB.inferiorC.superiorD.subordinate29.Theneighborhoodboysliketoplaybasketballonthat_loA.validB.vainC.vacantD.vague30.Thesepeopleoncehadfameandfortune;now_islefttothemisutterpovertA.allthatB.allwhatC.allwhichD.thatall31.Toour_,Geoffrey’sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehadfeareA.anxietyB.reliefC.viewD.judgment32.Manypeoplelikewhitecolorasitisa_ofpuritA.symbolB.signC.signalD.symptom33.Theresidents,_hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCrosA.alltheirhomesB.allwhosehomesC.allofwhosehomesD.alloftheirhomes34.Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatwe_duringthedaA.shouldhavedoneB.wouldhavedoneC.mayhavedoneD.musthavedone35.I’dratheryou_makeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeinA.don’tB.wouldn’tC.didn’tD.shouldn’t36.Isupportyourdecision,butIshouldalsomakeitclearthatIamnotgoingtobe_toiA.connectedB.fastenedC.boundD.stuck37.TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(n)_ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversatioA.altitudeB.latitudeC.multitudeD.attitude38.Inmyopinion,he’s_themostimaginativeofallthecontemporarypoetA.inallB.atbestC.forallD.byfar39.Hedidn’tgototheparty,buthedoeswishhe_therA.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe40._forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitiA.HaditnotbeenB.WereitnotC.BeitnotD.ShoulditnotbeII.Cloze(20points)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe41halfofthe19thcentury;mostof42werecharitable.BothinEuropeandintheU.S.,theday-nurserymovementreceivedgreat43duringtheFirstWorldWar,when44ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedentednumbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountriesnurserieswereestablished45inmunitionsplants,underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.46thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose47,thisrisewasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,48,federal,State,andlocalgovernmentsgraduallybegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol49thedaynurseries,chieflyby50themandbyinspectingandregulatingtheconditionswithinthenurseries.The51oftheSecondWorldWarwasquicklyfollowedbyanincreaseinthenumberofdaynurseriesinalmostallcountries,aswomenwere52calledupontoreplacemeninthefactories.Onthis53theU.S.governmentimmediatelycametothesupportofthenurseryschools,54$6,000,000inJuly,1942,foranursery-schoolprogramforthechildrenofworkingmothers.ManyStatesandlocalcommunities55thisFederalaid.Bytheendofthewar,inAugust,1945,morethan100,000childrenwerebeingcared56inday-carecentersreceivingFederal57.Soonafterward,theFederalgovernment58cutdownitsexpendituresforthispurposeandlater59them,causingasharpdropinthenumberofnurseryschoolsinoperation.However,theexpectationthatmostemployedmotherswouldleavetheir60attheendofthewarwasonlypartlyfulfilled.41.A.latterB.lateC.otherD.first42.A.thoseB.themC.whoseD.imitation43.A.impetusB.inputC.imitationD.initiative44.A.sourcesB.abundanceC.shortageD.reduction45.A.hardlyB.entirelyC.onlyD.even46.A.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.Although47.A.unanimouslyB.sharplyC.predominantlyD.militantly48.A.thereforeB.consequentlyC.howeverD.moreover49.A.overB.inC.atD.about50.A.formulatingB.labelingC.patentingD.licensing51.A.outsetB.outbreakC.breakthroughD.breakdown52.A.againB.thusC.repeatedlyD.yet53.A.circumstanceB.occasionC.caseD.situation54.A.regulatingB.summoningC.allocatingD.transferring55.A.expandedB.facilitatedC.supplementedD.compensated56.A.byB.afterC.ofD.for57.A.pensionsB.subsidiesC.revenuesD.budgets58.A.prevalentlyB.furiouslyC.statisticallyD.drastically59.A.abolishedB.diminishedC.jeopardizedD.precluded60.A.nurseriesB.homesC.jobsD.childrenIII.ReadingComprehension(60points)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld'sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea'sLGElectronicsinJuly.)Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America'smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica'sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride."Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,"accordingtoRichardCavanagh,executivedeanofHarvard'sKennedySchoolofGovernment."ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,"saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,D.C.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas"agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates."61.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecauseA.ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoalB.itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbeforeC.thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitorsD.theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy62.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmericanA.TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarketB.semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprisesC.machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactionsD.autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket63.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.B.Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.C.Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.D.Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.64.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtotheA.turningofthebusinesscycleB.restructuringofindustryC.improvedbusinessmanagementD.successineducation65.Theword"handicap"inthefirstparagraphprobablymeansA.difficultyB.disadvantageC.misfortuneD.troublePassageTwoQuestions66to70arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecomecomplicated.Manyoflife'sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers,friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnforexpertinformationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeopletoday.Inadditiontothis,thereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarII.Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowofinformationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thus,thingsoncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthecasualcommunicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciouslylearned.Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicated,time-consumingandsometimesevenoverwhelming.Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakesitpossibletostorevastamountsofdatainmachine-readablefiles,andtoprogramcomputerstolocatespecificinformation.Telecommunicationsdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevision,radio,andveryshortly,electronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextendedthepowerofcommunicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.Expertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.Technologyhasfacilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformation,thusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople.Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexity,theneedforinformationisofgreatestimportance.Thosepeoplewhohaveaccurate,reliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblems,thecriticalproblemsoftheirbusiness,socialandfamilylife,willsurviveandsucceed."Knowledgeispower"maywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemostcriticalrequirementofallpeople.66.Theword"it"(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablyreferstoA.thelackofstablecommunitiesB.thebreakdownofinformalinformationchannelsC.theincreasedmobilityoffamiliesD.thegrowingnumberofpeoplemovingfromplacetoplace67.ThemainproblempeoplemayencountertodayarisesfromthefactthatA.theyhavetolearnnewthingsconsciouslyB.theylacktheconfidenceofsecuringreliableandtrustworthyinformationC.theyhavedifficultyobtainingtheneededinformationreadilyD.theycanhardlycarryoutcasualcommunicationswithanextendedfamily68.FromthepassagewecaninferthatA.electronicmailwillsoonplayadominantroleintransmittingmessagesB.itwillbecomemoredifficultforpeopletokeepsecretsinaninformationeraC.peoplewillspendlesstimeholdingmeetingsorconferencesD.eventswillbereportedonthespotmainlythroughsatellites69.WecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatA.itisnecessarytoobtainasmuchinformationaspossibleB.peopleshouldmakethebestuseoftheinformationaccessibleC.weshouldrealizetheimportanceofaccumulatinginformationD.itisofvitalimportancetoacquireneededinformationefficiently70.ThepassageismainlyaboutA.thecharacteristicsoftheinformationageB.theimportanceofacquiringinformationC.obstaclestoobtaininginformationinthemodernsocietyD.theimpactofinformationtechnologyonpeople'swayoflifePassageThreeQuestions71to75arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.71.InLine7,Para.1,"thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes"meansA.AmericansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomesB.AmericanstendtooverstatetheirincomesC.AmericanswanttohavetheirincomesincreasedD.Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes72.ThefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthatA.producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproductionB.consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducersC.producersdecidethepricesofproductsD.supplyanddemandregulateprices73.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedbyA.privatepropertyandrightsconcernedB.manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrolC.ownershipofproductiveresourcesD.freecontractsandprices74.ThepassageismainlyaboutA.howAmericangoodsareproducedB.howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoodsC.howAmericaneconomicsystemworksD.howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits75.Theword"embraces"(Line4,Para.3)probablymeansA.enclosesB.hugsC.comprehendsD.supportsPassageFourQuestions76to80arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Cyberspace,datasuperhighways,multi-media-forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor.Aswithallnewhightechnology,whiletheWestconcernsitselfwiththe"how",thequestionof"forwhom"isputasideonceagain.Economistsareonlynowrealizingthefullextenttowhichthecommunicationsrevolutionhasaffectedtheworldeconomy.Informationtechnologyallowstheextensionoftradeacrossgeographicalandindustrialboundaries,andtransnationalcorporationstakefulladvantageofit.Termsoftrade,exchangeandinterestratesandmoneymovementsaremoreimportantthantheproductionofgoods.Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarkets-withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots.Forthemtheresultisinstability.Developingcountrieswhichrelyontheproductionofasmallrangeofgoodsforexportaremadetofeellikesmallpartsintheinternationaleconomicmachine.As"futures"aretradedoncomputerscreens,developingcountriessimplyhavelessandlesscontroloftheirdestinies.Sowhataretheoptionsforregainingcontrol?Onealternativeisfordevelopingcountriestobuyinthelatestcomputersandtelecommunicationsthemselves-so-called"developmentcommunications"modernization.Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries'economies.CommunicationstechnologyisgenerallyexportedfromtheU.S.,EuropeorJapan;thepatents,skillsandabilitytomanufactureremaininthehandsofafewindustrializedcountries.Itisalsoexpensive,andimportedproductsandservicesmustthereforebeboughtoncredit-creditusuallyprovidedbytheverycountrieswhosecompaniesstandtogain.Furthermore,whennewtechnologyisintroducedthereisoftentoolowalevelofexpertisetoexploititfornativedevelopment.Thismeansthatwhilelocalelites,foreigncommunitiesandsubsidiariesoftransnationalcorporationsmaybenefit,thosewhoselivesdependonaccesstotheinformationaredeniedit.76.FromthepassageweknowthatthedevelopmentofhightechnologyisintheinterestsofA.theworldeconomyB.therichcountriesC.scientificdevelopmentD.theelite77.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatA.internationaltradeshouldbeexpandedB.theinterestsofthepoorcountrieshavenotbeengivenenoughconsiderationC.theexportsofthepoorcountriesshouldbeincreased