2026年北外入学英语测试题及答案

2026年北外入学英语测试题及答案

一、单项选择题，(总共10题，每题2分)。1.Thecommitteeinsistedthatthefinalreport____beforeFriday.A.issubmittedB.besubmittedC.wassubmittedD.hasbeensubmitted2.Notuntilthetrainarrived____howmuchluggageshehadbrought.A.sherealizedB.didsherealizeC.shehadrealizedD.hadsherealized3.Theambassador’saddresswassostirringthateventheinterpreters’voices____.A.falteredB.scatteredC.witheredD.flattered4.Theterm“softpower”wascoinedtodescribeinfluencethatderivesfrom____ratherthanmilitarymight.A.attritionB.coercionC.appealD.subjugation5.Whichofthefollowingbestparaphrases“Thenovel’stemporalshiftsarenotmereornament”?A.Thetimejumpsdecoratetheplotnicely.B.Thenarrative’schronologyisstrictlylinear.C.Thetemporaldislocationsserveadeeperpurpose.D.Theauthoravoidsflashbacksaltogether.6.Inthestudyofinterlanguage,“fossilization”referstothephenomenonwherecertainerrorsbecome____.A.variableB.systematicC.permanentD.random7.Theword“serendipity”originatedfromataletitled“TheThreePrincesof____”.A.SerendipB.SardisC.SyracuseD.Samarkand8.Whichunderlineditemcontainsaboundmorpheme?A.readerB.bookC.runD.fast9.Themaxim“Quantity”inGrice’sCooperativePrinciplerequiresspeakersto____.A.betruthfulB.provideadequatebutnotexcessiveinformationC.avoidobscurityD.berelevant10.Thepoeticline“Thoustillunravish’dbrideofquietness”isanexampleof____.A.synecdocheB.apostropheC.metonymyD.chiasmus二、填空题，(总共10题，每题2分)。11.TheLatinroot“-dict-”means“____”;thus“malediction”literallydenotes“____”.12.Inphonetics,theEnglishconsonant/ʒ/isclassifiedasavoiced____fricative.13.Thediscoursemarker“well”inconversationoftenfunctionsasa____device,signalingupcomingdisagreement.14.TheTreatyof____(1842)cededHongKongIslandtoBritain,usheringintheeraof____imperialism.15.Intransformationalgrammar,theoperationthatmovesanelementtothefrontforemphasisiscalled____movement.16.Theterm“____equivalence”wasproposedbyEugeneNidatostressreceptor-orientedtranslation.17.Thenarrativeperspectivethatlimitsknowledgetowhatasinglecharacterexperiencesiscalled____narration.18.TheOldEnglishepic“Beowulf”iswritteninametricalformknownas____verse.19.Therhetoricalappealrootedinthespeaker’scredibilityistermed____.20.Thephenomenonbywhichalanguagelosesnativespeakersandeventuallyfallsoutofdailyuseiscalledlanguage____.三、判断题，(总共10题，每题2分)。21.“News”isetymologicallyrelatedtotheword“novel”.22.InEnglish,allsyllablesmustcontainanonsetconsonant.23.Theword“data”ishistoricallyapluralformof“datum”.24.ShakespeareinventedthesonnetformknownastheShakespeareansonnet.25.Theschwa/ə/canneveroccurinastressedsyllable.26.TheGreatVowelShiftoccurredafterChaucer’sdeath.27.Inpragmatics,aperformativeutterancecanbefalse.28.Thecomparativemethodinhistoricallinguisticsreliesonwrittenrecordsonly.29.Theword“y’all”isanexampleofasecond-personpluralpronoun.30.TheInternationalPhoneticAlphabetcontainsseparatesymbolsforeveryallophoneofEnglish.四、简答题，(总共4题，每题5分)。31.Explainthedifferencebetween“code-switching”and“borrowing”inbilingualspeech,providingoneillustrativeexampleofeach.32.OutlinetwomajorfunctionsofintonationinEnglishconversationbeyondsimplestatementmarking.33.Brieflydescribehowthe“Sapir-Whorfhypothesis”influencedmid-20th-centurylanguagepolicydebates.34.Statetworeasonswhythepassivevoiceispreferredinscientificabstracts,andgiveoneconciseexample.五、讨论题，(总共4题，每题5分)。35.Discusstheethicalimplicationsofusingmachinetranslationforasylum-applicationdocuments,weighingaccuracyagainstspeed.36.EvaluatewhetherGlobalEnglishenrichmentendangerslinguisticdiversity;citeatleasttworegionsasevidence.37.Examinehowtheconceptof“face”inpolitenesstheoryvariesbetweenAnglo-AmericanandEastAsianacademicsettings.38.Assessthedesirabilityofinstitutingauniversallinguafrancafordiplomaticcommunication,consideringbothsymbolicandpracticaldimensions.答案与解析一、单项选择题1B2B3A4C5C6C7A8A9B10B二、填空题11say;evil-speaking12palato-alveolar13mitigation14Nanjing;treaty15topicalization16dynamic17internal18alliterative19ethos20death/shift三、判断题21T22F23T24F25T26T27F28F29T30F四、简答题（每题约200字）31Code-switchingisthealternationbetweentwolanguageswithinasinglediscoursesegment,governedbypragmaticorsocialcues,e.g.,“Let’sgoalmercadobeforeitcloses.”Borrowing,bycontrast,importsalexicalitemfromanotherlanguageandadaptsitphonologicallyormorphologicallyintothehostlanguage,e.g.,English“café”fromFrench.Switchingmaintainsdistinctphonologicalsystems,whereasborrowingintegratestheitemintoonesystem.32Intonationsignalsconversationalturn-management:risingpitchnearclause-endcanyieldthefloor,whilefallingpitchclaimsit.Secondly,intonationencodesattitudinalstance;ahighrisingnucleuson“Really?”conveyssurprise,whereasalowrisesuggestsskepticism.Thesemelodicchoicesoperatealongsidelexistonegotiateinterpersonalrelationsinrealtime.33ThestrongversionofSapir-Whorfsuggestedlanguagedeterminesthought,promptingpolicymakerstofearthatminoritylanguagesconfinedspeakersto“primitive”worldviews.Mid-centurydebatesthuspromotedmajority-languageeducationto“liberate”minorities,culminatinginEnglish-onlyorFrench-onlystatutes.Later,themilderlinguistic-relativityreadingencouragedpreservationprograms,acknowledgingthatlosingalanguageerodesuniqueculturalconcepts.34Passivevoiceforegroundsresearchoutcomesandsuppresseshumanagents,creatinganobjectivetone.Example:“Thesampleswereheatedto300°Cfortwohours.”Byomitting“we,”thesentencecentersonexperimentalconditions,aligningwiththescientificconventionofdepersonalizedreportingandfacilitatingglobalcomprehension.五、讨论题（每题约200字）35Machinetranslationacceleratesprocessingofasylumclaims,yetmistranslationsoftraumanarrativescanmisleaddecision-makers,violatingapplicants’righttofairhearing.Ethicalpracticedemandspost-editingbycertifiedlinguistsandinformedconsentaboutautomatedrisks,balancingefficiencywiththenon-derogabledutyofaccuracyinlife-or-deathcontexts.36InSingapore,English-mediumeducationhasdisplacedMalayvernaculars,shrinkingdomainsforKristang.Conversely,Welshrevitalizationshowsthatco-officialstatuscancoexistwithGlobalEnglishwhenpolicyfundsimmersionschools.Thus,threatlevelshingeoninstitutionalsupportratherthanonEnglishpresencealone.37Anglo-Americanacademiaprizessolidaritystrategi