中考英语重点动词分类讲解与习题

中考英语重点动词分类讲解与习题动词是英语句子的灵魂，在中考英语中占据着举足轻重的地位。无论是阅读理解中的语义理解，还是完形填空中的语境搭配，亦或是书面表达中的句式构建，都离不开对动词的精准把握。本文将结合中考考点，对重点动词进行分类讲解，并辅以针对性习题，帮助同学们系统梳理、扎实掌握，从而在考试中灵活运用，取得佳绩。一、系动词(LinkingVerbs)系动词本身有一定词义，但不能单独作谓语，其后必须接表语（多为形容词、名词或介词短语），构成“主系表”结构，用以说明主语的性质、状态或特征。常见系动词及用法：1.状态系动词：be(am,is,are,was,were)*用法：表示主语的身份、性质、状态。*例句：Sheisadiligentstudent.(她是个勤奋的学生。)Theflowersarebeautiful.(花很漂亮。)2.感官系动词：look,sound,smell,taste,feel*用法：分别表示“看起来”、“听起来”、“闻起来”、“尝起来”、“摸起来”，其后常接形容词作表语。*例句：Thesongsoundssweet.(这首歌听起来很甜美。)Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.(丝绸摸起来柔软光滑。)*用法：表示主语从一种状态转变为另一种状态。*例句：Itgetsdarkeranddarker.(天变得越来越黑了。)Theleavesturnyellowinautumn.(树叶在秋天变黄。)Hebecameateacheraftergraduation.(他毕业后成了一名老师。)（注：go多用于不好的变化，如gobad,gowrong）*用法：表示主语持续或保持某种状态。即时小练：1.Themilk_______(go)badifyoudon'tputitinthefridge.2.Hisface_______(turn)redwhenheheardthenews.二、及物动词与不及物动词(TransitiveVerbs&IntransitiveVerbs)区分及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)是正确运用动词的基础，尤其在完形填空和语法填空中经常考查。1.及物动词(TransitiveVerbs):后面必须跟宾语，才能表达完整的意思。*例句：Sheboughtanewbook.(bought后接宾语anewbook)TheyvisitedtheGreatWalllastsummer.(visited后接宾语theGreatWall)2.不及物动词(IntransitiveVerbs):本身意义完整，后面不需要跟宾语。若要接宾语，需在动词后加适当的介词。*例句：Thesunrisesintheeast.(rises后无宾语)Wearrivedatthestationontime.(arrived后接介词at+宾语thestation)Helistenscarefully.(listens后无宾语；若接宾语，需用listentosth./sb.)难点提示：*有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，意义可能有所不同或相近。*Hestudieshard.(vi.学习)HestudiesEnglish.(vt.学习……科目)*Thedooropened.(vi.门开了，主动表被动)Heopenedthedoor.(vt.他打开了门)*不及物动词没有被动语态。即时小练：1.Themeeting_______(begin)ateighto'clockyesterdaymorning.(begin为vi.)2.Myfather_______(teach)mehowtoswimlastsummer.(teach为vt.)3.Weshould_______(listen)totheteachercarefullyinclass.三、动词+不定式(todo)vs.动词+动名词(doing)许多动词后面需要接非谓语动词（不定式或动名词）作宾语，这是中考的重中之重，也是同学们容易混淆的难点。1.只能接不定式(todo)作宾语的动词：*want,hope,wish,decide,plan,try,manage,agree,promise,refuse,learn,afford,choose,offer等。*例句：Shewantstogoshopping.(她想去购物。)Hedecidedtostudyabroad.(他决定出国留学。)2.只能接动名词(doing)作宾语的动词：*enjoy,mind,practice,finish,suggest,keep,avoid,miss,consider,imagine,can'thelp,giveup等。*例句：IenjoyreadingEnglishnovels.(我喜欢读英文小说。)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?(你介意打开窗户吗？)Hehasfinisheddoinghishomework.(他已经做完作业了。)3.接不定式和动名词意义基本相同的动词：*start,begin,continue,like,love,hate,prefer(有时可互换，但细微差别需注意，中考阶段侧重基本用法)。Iliketoswim/swimminginsummer.(我喜欢夏天游泳。)4.接不定式和动名词意义不同的动词：*remembertodosth.(记得去做某事，未做)vs.rememberdoingsth.(记得做过某事，已做)*Remembertoposttheletter.(记得去寄信。)Irememberpostingtheletter.(我记得寄过信了。)*forgettodosth.(忘记去做某事，未做)vs.forgetdoingsth.(忘记做过某事，已做)*Don'tforgettolockthedoor.(别忘了锁门。)Iforgotmeetinghimbefore.(我忘了以前见过他。)*stoptodosth.(停下来去做另一件事)vs.stopdoingsth.(停止正在做的事)*Hestoppedtohavearest.(他停下来休息一下。)Hestoppedtalking.(他停止了说话。)*trytodosth.(努力/试图做某事)vs.trydoingsth.(尝试做某事，看看结果如何)*I'lltrytohelpyou.(我会尽力帮你。)Whynottrytakingabus?(为什么不试试坐公交呢？)即时小练：2.Mybrotherpractices_______(play)thepianoeveryevening.3.Don'tforget_______(turn)offthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.4.Theydecided_______(notgo)therebyplane.5.Ican'thelp_______(laugh)whenIseethatfunnypicture.四、常见动词短语(PhrasalVerbs)动词短语是中考的高频考点，由“动词+介词/副词”构成，其意义往往不是单个词的简单叠加，需要同学们在平时学习中注意积累和辨析。1.动词+介词(prep.)：这类短语相当于及物动词，后面必须接宾语。宾语只能放在介词后面。*例句：Whatareyoulookingfor?(你在找什么？)Sheislookingafterhersickmother.(她在照顾生病的妈妈。)2.动词+副词(adv.)：这类短语有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词。*giveup(放弃),puton(穿上),takeoff(脱下/起飞),turnon(打开),turnoff(关闭),pickup(捡起/接某人),putaway(收拾好),writedown(写下)*及物性质时：宾语是名词时，可放在副词前或后；宾语是代词时，必须放在副词前。*Putonyourcoat./Putyourcoaton.(穿上你的外套。)*Putiton.(把它穿上。)(不能说Putonit.)*不及物性质时：后面不接宾语。*Theplanetookofftenminutesago.(飞机十分钟前起飞了。)中考高频动词短语举例(需灵活运用)：*getup(起床),geton/off(上/下车),getto(到达),getalongwith(与……相处)*makeup(编造/组成),makesure(确保),makefriends(交朋友)*takecareof(照顾),takepartin(参加),takephotos(拍照)*lookup(查阅/向上看),lookout(小心)*giveback(归还),givein(屈服)即时小练：1.Couldyoupleasehelpme_______(lookup)thewordinthedictionary?2.Don't_______(giveup)easilywhenyoumeetdifficulties.3.He_______(puton)hishatandwentout.4.Ineedto_______(writedown)theimportantinformation.五、中考动词考点综合练习题一、单项选择A.nottospendB.tonotspendC.don'tspendD.notspend—Intenminutes.A.reachB.arriveatC.gettoD.arrive3.Heusedto_______uplate,butnowheisusedto_______upearly.A.get;getB.getting;gettingC.get;gettingD.getting;get4.Wouldyoumind_______thedoor?It'sabitcold.A.closeB.closingC.tocloseD.closed5.She_______Englishforthreeyearsandshecanspeakitwellnow.A.learnsB.learnedC.haslearnedD.willlearn二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1.Heusually_______(walk)toschool,butyesterdayhe_______(ride)hisbike.2.Listen!Someone_______(sing)inthenextroom.3.Mymotherasksme_______(clean)myroomeveryweekend.4.Weshouldtryourbest_______(help)peopleinneed.5.Isawhim_______(play)basketballontheplaygroundjustnow.(seesb.dosth.看见某人做某事的全过程)三、完形填空(动词搭配专项)Tomisagoodstudent.Healways1._______(tries/wants)hisbesttostudyeverysubject.Helikes2._______(reading/toread)booksinthelibraryafterclass.Lastweek,histeacheraskedhimtogiveaspeech.Hewasalittlenervous,buthe3._______(decided/suggested)toacceptthechallenge.Hespentalotoftime4._______(preparing/toprepare)forit.Finally,hedidagreatjobandeveryone5._______(clapped/laughed)forhim.---参考答案及解析：【即时小练】一、系动词1.willgo/goes(if引导条件状语从句，主将从现；或描述一般情况)2.turned3.feels二、及物与不及物1.began2.taught3.listen三、todovs.doing2.playing3.toturn4.nottogo5.laughing四、动词短语1.lookup2.giveup3.puton4.writedown【中考动词考点综合练习题】一、单项选择1.A(tellsb.nottodosth.告诉某人不要做某事)2.D(arrive为不及物动词，后面没有宾语；reach,arriveat,getto后均需接宾语)3.C(usedtodosth.过去常常做某事；beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事)4.B(minddoingsth.介意做某事)5.C(forthreeyears提示用现在完成时)二、用括号内所给动