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2023色高考英语语法知识清单+强化训练讲义

专题06而同时态语态(过去时)(解析版)

讲义目录

考点清单五、一般过去时三种典型用法

考点清单六、过去进行时四种典型用法

考点清单七、过去完成时四种典型用法

考点清单八、过去将来时三种典型用法

分层训练(一)高考真题

分层训练(二)高考真题

分层训练(三)单句改错

分层训练(四)句式升级(书面表达)

分层训练(五)语篇运用(外刊原创)

分层训练(六)好题快递(最新模拟)

考点清单五、一般过去时三种典型用法

要点精讲1:一般过去时多表示过去已发生的动作,并有明确的时间状语,theotherday,yesterday,last

week,in1980等。

例1:Tomdidn7cometoclassyesterday.

彳列2:Oh,John.IneverthoiiahtImetyouhere.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

1.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit(come)onthemarketin1973.

2.(2013安徽)I'mcallingabouttheapartmentyou(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellme

mereaboutit?

3.(2013福建)Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,(invite)toperformatth?opening

ceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.

4.(2017•江苏)ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which(be)bothwidelyreviewedand

highlypraised,strengthenedDickens'statusasaleadingnovelist.

【答案与解析】

1.cameo从句右明显时间状语in1973,应用一般过去时。故答案是came。

2.advertisedo从句有明显时间状,吾theotherday,应用一般过去时。故答案是advertised。

3.wasinvitedo句子有明显时间状语attheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo,应用•般过去

时〉故答案是wasinvitedo

4.was。结合语境这里描述过去的行为,应用一般过去时。故答案是was。

要点精讲2:一般过去时表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作,常与often,usually,seldom等须度副词

连用。

例:WhenIwasinthecountryside.Ioftencalledonmyoldfriendsthere.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的止确形式。

5.(2015湖南)Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but(hold)backthankfully

bytheshopwindow.

6.Thethreeofus(travel)aroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.

7.(2019全国II)Pickingupher“Li能timeAchievemenf'award,proudIrene(declare)shehadnoplans

toretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.

【答案与解析】

5.washeldoholdback表示“阻止,隐瞒”,结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是washeld。

6.travelledo本句是易错题,句子虽然有时间状语foraboutamonth,但结合语境这里表示过去某段时间一

直发生的事情。故答案是travelled。

7.declared.根据语境容易判断空白处应该使用一般过去时。故填declared。

要点精讲3:一般过去时用于虚拟语气特定句型,表示与现在事实相反的情况,如Iwish…Ifonly…I

wouldratherthat....,Itistimethat....及if虚拟条件句等。

例1:Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.

例2:Itishiahtimethatwehadourlunch.

例3:/wish1wereabird,Hyingfreelyinthesky.

例4:Ifo心1knewhowtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.

例5:IfI卬erey。”,Iwouldtrymybesttograspthechance.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

8.HowIwisheveryfamily(have)alargehousewiihabeautifulgarden!

9.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit(break).

10.Jackisagreattalker.Ifshightimethathe(do)somethinginsteadotjusttalking.

11.Sorry,I'mtoobusynow.IfI(have)time,Iwouldcertainlygofbranoutingwithyou.

【答案与解析】

8.had。结合语境从句与现在事实相反,故应用一般过去时。故答案是had。

9.werebrokenoitlookasif…表示"看起来好像..”,从句与现在事实相反,应用一般过去时;结合语境应

用被动语态。故答案是werebroken>.

10.did/shoukldo。Itishigh/abouttime后面常用did或shoulddo,should不能省,意为“早该....■故

答案是did/shoulddo。

11.had。语境暗示从句与现在事实相反,应用一般过去时。故答案是had。

考点清单六、过去进行时四种典型用法

要点精讲1:过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,常有明确的时间状语暗示,如at7:00lastnight

等,

例I:Iwasdoin父myhomeworkat(his(imeyesterday.

例2:ShewasplayingthepianowhileIwasreadingthenewspaper.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

12.Hermother(cook)inthekitchenatthistimeyesterday.

13.Tdliketoknowwhatyou(do)at9:00lastnight.

【答案与解析】

12.wascookingo时间状语atthistimeyesterday表明过去某时正在发生的动作,应用过去进行时。故答案

是wascooking,

13.weredoing。时间状语at9:00lastnight表明过去某时正在发生的动作,应用过去进行时。故答案是were

doingo

要点精讲2:过去进行时还可以表示过去一段时间内频繁发生或一直进行的动作。

例1:We卬eretalkingaboutyouthewholemorning.

例2:Hewaswatching,TVathomefrom3:00to5:00yesterdayafternoon.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

14.Wewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit(decorate).

15.(2014四川)She(phone)someone,soInoddedtoherandwentaway.

【答案与解析】

14.wasbeingdecoratedo结合语境表示该段时间内一直进行的动作一装修图书俯。故答案是wasbeing

decorated。

15.wasphoningo结合语境“她正在给别人打电话,我对她点头走开了°”故答案是wasphoning。

要点精讲3:go,come,leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示将要发生的动作。

例:ShesaidshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextmonth.

要点、精讲4:过去进行时用于as,when,while等状语从句,表示另一动作发生的背景。

例I:Itwassnowingas(hemedicalleammadeitswaytothefront.

例2:Tomslippedintothehousewhennoonewaslooking.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的止确形式。

16.Jim(watch)alatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,the

televisionwentblank.

17.i(clean)thestreetsinourneighborhoodthistimeyesterdaywhenyoucalledme.

【答案与解析】

16.waswatchingo结合语境这是wasdoing…when...句式。故答案是waswatchingo

17.wascleaningo结合语境这是wasdoing…when…句式。故答案是wascleaning。

要点精讲5:always,forever,continually,constantly频度副词与过去进行时连用表示赞扬,抱怨等感情色

彩,

例1:Thegirlwas。/卬ayschanainahermind.

例2:Inthepasthewasco〃sS〃山askin史meformoney.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

18.Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,people(alwayswarn)notiotouchany

unattendedbag.

19.(2015湖南)HemusthavesensedthatI(look)athim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaid

quietly,"Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat?"

20.(2016北京)Jack(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.

【答案与解析】

18.werealwaysbeingwarned(>always与过去进行时连用,表示过去某段时间内一直进行的动作(被频繁提

醒);又是被动含义。故答案是werealwaysbeingwarnedo

19.waslookingo结合语境判断这里表示当时在进行的动作,故用过去进行时。故答案是waslooking。

20.wasworkingo这是wasdoing...when…句式。是故答案是wasworking。

考点清单七、过去完成时四种典型用法

要点精讲1:过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常

用by,bytheendof,bethetime…引导的时间状语或以before,until,when,than等词引导的内含一般过去

时的时间状语从句。概括为:过去的过去。

例1:&5:00yesterdaymorningwehaddonethatwork.

例2:Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIentered(heuniversity.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

21.(20141东)Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretiire-consumingthanwe

(expect).

22.(2015安徽)JustasIgottotheschoolgate,Irealized1(leave)mybankinthecafe.

23.(2016浙江)Silk(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyaboutKM)

BC.

24.(2017北京)Inthe1950siniheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones

(notinvent)yet.

【答案与解析】

21.hadexpectedo结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去故答案是hadexpected。

22.hadleft,结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去力故答案是hadleft。

23.hadbecome。byabout100BC是解答本题关键,应用过去完成时。故答案是hadbecome。

24.hadn,tbeeninvented»结合语境应用过去完成时表示“过去的过去”;又是被动含义。故答案是hadn'tbeen

inventedo

要点精讲2:intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个

本来打算做而未做的事。

例1:Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldn'tgethereintime.

例2:Ihadintendedtocallonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

25.1(plan)tohelpyoubutcouldn'tgethereintime.

26.(2019天津)I(hope)tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn'tmanage

【答案与解析】

25.hadplanned(>intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个

本来打算做而未做的事。故答案是hadplannedo

26.hadhoped0intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示一个

本来打算做而未做的事。故答案是hadhoped0

要点精讲3:在Itwasthefirst/second/third…timethat…句型中,that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。

例1:ThiswasthefirstMmetheyhadmetinthirty-nineyears.

例2:Itwasthefourthtimeshehadshoppedonlineforhours.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的止确形式。

27.Therewasaknockonthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeone(interrupt)methatevening.

28.Thatwasthefirsttimeshe(leave)aloneathomeduringtheweekends,boredtodeath.

【答案与解析】

27.hadinierrupled。在Itwasthefirst/second/third...timethat…句型中,ihal引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。

故答案是hadinterruptedc

28.hadleft。在Il/Thatwasthefirst/second/third...timethat…句型中,thal引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。

故答案是hadlefto

要点精讲3:在hardly/scarcely...when…和nosooner…than…句型中,主句常用过去完成时。

例1:Shehardlyhadgonetobedwhenthebellrang.

例2:Nosoonerhadtheyleftthebuildingthanabombexploded.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

29.Shenosooner(get)totheoffice(hanshegotdowntowritingthereport.

30.HardlyhadIarrivedhomewhenthetelephone(ring).

【答案与解析】

29.had;goto在hardly/scarccly...when…和nosooner…than…句型中,主句常用过去完成时。故答案是had;

goto

30.range在hardly/scarccly...when…和nosooner...than…句型中,主句常用过去完成时,从句仍用一般

过去时。故答案是rang。

要点精讲4:过去完成时用于虚拟语气特定句型,表示与过去事实相反的情况,如Iwish….,Ifonly….,I

wouldratherthat….及if虚拟条件句等。

例1:/wishthat1hadseenheryesterday.

例2:Ifeltasthoughwehadknov/neachotherforyears.

例3:IfIhadknownherearlier!

例4:/wouldratherIhadn'tseenihatfilmyesterday.

例5:Ifithadnoirainedthismorning,Ishouldhavegoneshopping.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

31.(2018天津)Ifwe(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthe

beach.

32.HowIwishI(buy)thatskirtwhenitwasavailable!Ugh!Iregretiteverytime.

33.(2015北京)一DidyouhavedifficultyfindingAnn'house?

—Notreally.She(give)uscleardirectionsandwewereabletofinditeasily.

【答案与解析】

31.hadcaughto这时if虚拟条件句,从句与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。故答案是hadcaught。

32.hadboughtoIwishihat….从句与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。故答案是hadbought。

33.hadgiveno结合语境“给我们清楚指导”发生在前,应用过去完成时。故答案是hadgiven。

考点清单八、过去将来时三种典型用法

要点精讲1:一般过去将来时是由“should/would+动词原形”构成,表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发

生妁动作,多用于主从复合句中.

例I:Hesaidtheywouldarrangeaparty.

例2:HeaskedmeyesterdaywhenishouldleaveforParis.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

34.Didyoupredictthatmanystudents(sign)upfor(hedancecompetition?

【答案与解析】

35.wouldsigiuDidyoupredict是解答本题的关键,暗示应用过去将来时。故答案是wouldsign。

要点精讲2:用于was/wereabouttodo…when…句型,表示:正要...这时发生另一件事。was/weretodo

也可以用于过去将来时。

彳列:Iwasaboutlostartwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.

35.Hewasabouttogotobedtherewasaknockonthedoor.

36.Whenhe(open)thedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.

37.(2UI5陕西)Atcollege,BarackUbamadidn'tknowthathe(become)thetirs(blackpresident

oftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

wastobecome

【答案与解析】

35.when。这是was/wereabouttodosth.when…句型。故答案是when。

36.wastoopen.结合语境这里应用过去将来时表示从当时看将要发生的动作“将要开门”。故答案是wasto

open。

37.wastobecomeo结合语境这里应用过去将来时表示从当时看将要发生的动作“将要成为美国第一位黑

人总统”。故答案是wastobecome。

要点精讲3:过去将来时用于虚拟语气特定句型,表示与将来事实相反的情况,如Iwish…Ifonly…I

wouldratherthat….及if虚拟条件句等。

例1:/wishhewould女。withmeiothecinematonight.

例2:IfIhadachancetostudyabroad,IwouldalCambridgeUniversity.

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

38.IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,he(be)abletospeakitmuchbetter

now.

39.Ifthecaptainhadbeenmorecareful,hisship(sink).

40.(2019江苏)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe(have)agoodtimetogether.

【答案与解析】

38.wouldbe.>本句是虚拟语气含蓄条件句,now说明主句与现在事实相反,应用woulddoo故答案是would

be。

39.wouldn'thavesunk。结合语境主从句与过去事实相反,主句应用wouldhavedone,且是否定形式。故

答案是wouldn'thavesunk。

1().wouldhavehadoor引导含蓄条件句,句意为:真可惜!你错过了游览观光,否则的话我们会有一段美

好时光的。表示与过去事实相反,应用wouldhavedone。故答案是wouldhavehad。

分层训练(一)高考真题

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

1.(2022全国乙)ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety(address)theopening

ceremony.t4AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,hesaid.

2.(2022新高考I)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat

(bc)prcviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthorityto

increaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.

3.(2022新高考II)Henry(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawEric

hangingfromthebalcony.

4.(2021•全国甲)TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.h

(build)originallytoprotect(hecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修

复).

5.(2021全国甲)We〔hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldand

shakybutdidthejob.

6.(2021新高考I)Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit

(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.

7.(2020全国I)TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探测器)一thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoon

goddess(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.

8.12020全国III)Theartistwassurehewould(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpieceto

theemperor'schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.

9.(2020新高考)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,(form)thecore

collectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.

10.(2020浙江卷)Byabout600()BC,people(discovcr):hcbestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.

【答案】

I.addressed2.were3.wasfixing4.wasbuilt5.hired6.was7.touched8.bechosen9.fbnned10.had

discovered

分层训练(二)高考真题

【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

11.(2020江苏)InsteadofgettingdowntoanewtaskasI(expect),heexaminedthepreviouswork

again.

12.(2019•全国IH)Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand(recommend)wonderfulplaces

toeat,shop,andvisit.Forbreakfast,wewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthe

backyard.

13.(2019江苏)AfewmonthsafterhehadarrivedinChina,Mr.Smith(fall)inlovewiththepeople

andculturethere.

14.(2018北京)Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey(drive)afewmorekilometers.

15.(2018江苏)Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan(carry)out

inihepasttwoyears.

)6.(2018北京)Susanhadquitherwell-paidjoband(work)asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenI

visitedherlastyear.

17.(2017北京)Ifthenewsafetysystem(put)touse.theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.

18.(2018北京)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho(trap)inthemountainsfbrtwo

days.

19.(2017天津)I(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.

20.(2017江苏)Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe(follow).

【答案】

11.recommended12.hadhoped13.fell14.haddriven15.hadbeencarried16.wasworking17.hadbeenpul18.

hadbeentrapped19.wasdriving20.wasbeingfollowed

分层训练(三)单句改错

【即时训练】下列各句均有一处错误,请指出并纠正。

21.BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonhasgraduatedfromcollege.

22.Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,hehaditforaverylongtime.

23.Thediamondminediscoveredbyalittleboywhenhewasplayinghide-and-seek.

24.OnMondaymorningsi(usuallytookmeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20

miles.

25.Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparationshavemade.

26.Sofialookedaroundatallthefaces:shehadtheimpressionthatshehasseenmostoftheguestsbefore.

27.1foundthelecturehardtofollowbecauseitstartedwhenIarrived.

28.Excuseme.Idon'trealizethatIwasblockingyourway.

29.Actually,IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold,butIhavelongbeenoutofpractice.

30.Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwentto(hecountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabig

changethere.

【答案】

21.has改为had22.had前力口had23.discovered前力口was24,took改为takes25.have后力口been26.has改为

had27.started前力口had28.don't改为didn't29.start改为started30.find改为found

分层训练(四)句式升级

书面表达句式升级:请运用准确动词时态语(过去时)态翻译下列各句。

31.(2022全国乙)联合国2009年正式确定6月8日为国际海洋日。

32.(2022全国乙)总之,我们早该采取措施来保护海洋。

33.(2022新高考I)TalkandTalk栏目成立十年了。

34.(2021全国I)上个月我考试不及格情绪低落,她轻拍我的肩膀给我巨大鼓励。

35.(2021全国H)上周末学生会红织一群志愿者去希望农场帮助农民采摘桃子。

36.(2021全国H)我们先摘取颜色鲜艳的桃子,然后是那些成熟变软的桃子。

37.(2021全国II)多亏了这次采摘活动,我感谢这次接近大自然的机会。

38.(2021新高考1)上周口见证一次了不起的越野活动,这吸引了每个师生的注意。

39.(2021新高考I)最后所有选手成功到达终点线,接受四面八方的欢呼声。

40.(2021新高考D这个活动受到高度评价,因为他给我们提供锻炼机会,还能让我们更合作。

【答案】

31.June8thwasofficiallynamedbytheUNin2009asWorldOceansDay.

32.Allinall,itishightimethatwetookmeasurestoprotect(heoceans.

33.Itistenyearssincelalkandl'alkwasestablished.

34.WhenIfailedtheexamlastmenthandwasinlowspirits,shepattedmegentlyontheshoulderandgaveme

greatencouragement.

35.OrganizedbytheStudentUnion,agroupofvolunteerswenttoHopeFanntohelpthefarmerspickpeaches

lastweekend.

36Wefirstpickedtheonesthatweremostbeautifulincolor,thenthosethatwereripeandsoft.

37.Thankstoihepickingactivity,Iwasgratefulforthisopportunitytogetclosetonature.

38.LastSundaywitnessedanexlraordinarycross-countryrunningrace,whichnearlydrewtheattentionofevery

studentandteacherofourschool.

39.Atlast,alltherunnersmanagedtoreachthefinishline,receivingcheersfromallthedirections.

40.Theactivitywashighlyspokenof,becausenotonlydiditprovideachanceforustoexercise,butalsomade

usmorecooperative.

分层训练(五)语篇运用(外刊原创)

热点话题:中欧货运列车搭建生命走廊体裁:说明文

BEIJING,Aug.18(Xinhua)-Some109,000tonnesofanti-pandcmicproducts41(send)to

EuropethroughtheChina-Europefreighttrainserviceby(heendofJuly,anofficialsaidThursday.

WhileseaandairtransportationwerehithardbytheCOVID-19pandemic,thetrainservice42

(effective)guaranteedthestabilityofinternational43(industry)andsupplychains,XuJianping,an

officialoftheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission.

TheChina-Europefreighttrainservicebeganoperationsin2011and44(witness)booming

developmentinparticularsincetheimplementationoftheBeltandRoadInitiative.Totalannualtraintripssurged

from1,702in20164515,183lastyear.

Wiih82routes46(reach)Europe,ihetrainsnowreach196citiesin24Europeancountries,

transportingmore(han50,000lypesofgoodsincludingITproducts,automobilesandparts,clothes,grain,wines,

coffeebeans,andtimber.

ThetrainservicebuiltanewlogisticschannelbetweenAsiaandEurope47operatesaroundthe

clock,hasalargecarryingcapacity,andisgreen,low-carbonandsate.

Thetrainserviceimprovedregionalopening-up,expandedeconomicandtradeexchangesanddeepened

internationalindustrialcapacity48(cooperate).

The49(late)datashowedthenumberoftraintripsinJulyincreasedby11percentyearonyear

tohit50record1,517,withshipmentsof149,00020-footequivalentunitsofgoods.

41.hadbeensent42.effectivel>43.industrial44.haswitnessed45.to46.reaching47.that/which48.

cooperation49.latest50.a

【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道,介绍全球疫情下中欧货运列车搭建生命走廊,成为一道靓丽的风景线。

41.hadbeensento本题考查动词时态语态用法。byiheendof表示“至U……末为止”,常与过去完成时连用故

填hadbeensent。

42.effectivelyo本题考查副词用法。修饰动词应用副词。故填effectively。

43.industrialo本题考查形容词用法。修饰名词应用形容词。故填industrial。

44.haswitnessedo本题考查动词时态用法。Since短语常与现在完成时连用。故填haswitnessedc

45.to»本题考查介词用法。from…to…是固定搭配。故填10。

46.reachingo本题考查非谓语动词用法。Withsbdoing.…构成with复合结构,主动行为。故填reaching。

47.that/which0本题考查定语从句用法。定语从句缺少主语,指物,故that/which都对。故填that/which。

48.cooperationo本题考查名词用法。根据语境这里需要一个名词作宾语。故填cooperation。

49.latesto本题考查形容词最高级用法。结合语境这里表示“最新的,最晚的"。故填latest。

50.ao本题考杳不定冠词用法。这里是第一次提到该数据,故月不定冠词a。故填a。

分层训练(六)好题快递

一、阅读理解

C

[2023届江西省景德镇市高三质检英语试题】Adrugdesignedentirelybyartificialintelligenceisabout(o

enterclinicalhumantrialsforthefirsttime.Thedrug,whichisintendedtotreatobsessive-compulsivedisorder

(OCD)(强迫症),wasdiscoveredusingAlsystemsfromOxford-basedbiotechcompanyExscientia.Whileitwould

usuallytakearoundfourandahalfyearstogetadrugtothisstageofdevelopment,Exscientiasaysthatbyusingthe

Altoolsit'stakenlessthan12months.

Thedrug,knownasDSP•1181,wascreatedbyusingalgorithms(算法)toexaminepotentialcompounds(化

合物),checkingthemagainstahugedatabaseofparameters,includingapatient'sgeneticfactors.Speakingtothe

BBC,ExscientiachiefexecutiveProfessorAndrewHopkinsdescribedthetrialsasa“keymilestoneindrug

discovery“andnotedthatthereare“billions^^ofdecisionsneededtofindtherightmolecules(分子)foradrug,

makingtheireventualcreationauhugedecision.uWithAl,however,“thebeautyofthealgorithmsisthattheyarc

unknowable,socanbeappliedtoanydisease.”

We'vealreadyseenmultipleexamplesofAlbeingusedtodiagnoseillnessandanalyzepatientdata,sousingit

toengineerdrugtreatmentisanobviousprogressionofitsplaceinmedicine.ButtheAl-createddrugsdobring

aboutsomerelevantquestions.Willpatientsbecomfortabletakingmedicinedesignedbyamachine?Howwill

thesedrugsdifferfromthosedevelopedbyhumansalone?WhowillmaketherulesfbrtheuseofAlindrugresearch?

Hopkinsandhisteamhopethattheseandagreatmanyotherquestionswillheexploredinthetrials,whichwill

begininMarch.

28.WhatisspecialaboutthedrugdesignedbyAl?

A.It'sabettercureforOCD.

B.Ithasnosideeffectonhumans.

C.Itsdevelopmenttakeslesstime.

D.Itdoesn'tneedclinicalhumantrials.

29.WhichisakeyfactorincreatingthedrugaccordingtoParagraph2?

A.Trials.B.Algorithms.

C.Compounds.D.Molecules.

30.HowdoesHopkinsfeelaboutthewayofdrugcreation?

A.Optimistic.B.Doubtful.

C.Disappointed.D.Puzzled.

31.Whatcanbe(hebesttitlefor(hetext?

A.MedicalTrialsbyAlB.AnExampleinMedicalTrials

C.ACreationinAIDevelopmentD.Al-designedDrugstoBeonTrial

【答案】28.C29.B30.A31.D

【分析】这是一篇说明文。一种完全由人工智能设计的药物即将首次进入临床人体试验。这种药物是用牛

津生物技术公司Exscientia的人工智能系统制造出的,目的是治疗强迫症。短文介绍了制造这种药的关键

因素,人工智能制造药物所带来的一些问题。

【28题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Whileitwouldusuallytakearoundfourandahalfyearstogetadrugtothisstageof

development,Exscientiasaysthatbyusing(heAltoolsit'stakenless(han12months.”可知,虽然通常需要四年

半的时间才能使药物发展到这个阶段,但埃克西迪亚说,通过使用人工智能工具,只需要不到12个月的

时间。所以人工智能设计的药物芍什么特别之处在于它的开发时间更短。故选C项。

【29题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段为Thedrug,knownasDSP-1181,wascreatedbyusingalgorithms(算法)toexamine

potentialcompounds(化合物),checkingthemagainstahugedatabaseofparameters,includingapatient'sgenetic

factors.SpeakingtotheBBC,ExscientiachiefexecutiveProfessorAndrewHopkinsdescribedthetrialsasa”key

milestoneindrugdiscovery”可知,这种被称为DSP•1181药物是通过使用算法来检测潜在的化合物,并

根据一个庞大的参数数据库(包括患者的遗传因素)来检查这些化合物的。Exscientia首席执行官安德鲁霍

普金斯教授在接受英国广播公司(BBC)采访时称,这些试验是“药物发现的关键里程碑所以算法是制

造药物的关键因素。故选B项。

【30题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"WithAl,however,4tthebeautyofthealgorithmsisthattheyareunknowable,socan

beappliedtoanydisease.”然而,对于人工智能来说,“算法的优点在于它们是不可知的,因此可以应用于任

何疾病。最后一段"Hopkinsandhisteamhopethattheseandagreatmanyotherquestionswillbeexploredinthe

trials,whichwillbegininMarch.”可知,霍普金斯和他的团队希望,这些问题和其他许多问题将在3月开始

的试验中得到探索。由此判断出,霍普金斯对药品制造的方式持乐观的态度。故选A项。

[41题详解】

主旨大意题。•种完全由人工智能设计的药物即将首次进入临床人体试验。这种药物是用牛津生物技术公

司Exscienlia的人工智能系统发现的,目的是治疗强迫症。短文介绍了制造这种药的关键因素,人工智能

制造药物所带来的一些问题。所以短文最佳的标题为“人工智能设计的药物即将进入临床人体试验故选

D灰。

D

【2023届湖南省怀化市高三第一次模拟考试英语试题】Climatechangehasbeenalong-standingissue

thatcontinuouslydrivesscientiststofindgreen,sustainablefuels.Theuniverse'smostabundantelement,hydrogen

(氢),hasdrawntheirattentionandisnowonitswaytobecomingthefutureofgreenfuel.

Morethan$150billionworthofgreenhydrogenprojectswereannouncedgloballyin2020,accordingto

Reuters.Airbus,aEuropeanmultinationalaerospacecorporation,hastakentheleadinthenewsustainablefuel

industry.Ithasdesignedself-containedhydrogenfuelcellpodsthatcanbeattachedtotheundersideofairplane

wings,promotingtheuseofhydrogenfuelforlong-distanceflights,whichaimtoachievezeroemissions.The

companyplanstolaunchhydrogcn-powcrcdaircraftin2035,accordingtoDailyMail.

Comparedtofossilfuels,hydrogenisamuchmorecco-frisndlyfuel.Whenhydrogenburns,theonly

by-productiswater.However,thetraditionalwaytogelhydrogenfromnaturalgasorcoalgeneratesconsiderable

carbonemissions.Thegreenestwayistoobtainhydrogenfromwaterusingelectrolysis(电解)poweredby

renewableenergy,althoughthisprc-cessrequiressomuchelectricitythatitisquiteexpensive.Thekeytomaking

hydrogencompetitivewithfossilfuelsistolowertheproductioncosttoun

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