八年级英语下册Unit1单元语法讲练

新人教版八年级英语（下）Unit1

TimetoRelax单元语法讲练

Howdowespendyourfreetime?Shelikestoplaytheflute.Sheplaysittorelax.Shelikestoswim.Shestartedswimmingtogetoverherfear.Shelikestopaint.Shesawhermotherpaint.Shedecidedtogiveitago.Shelikestotryiceskating.Herinstructortoldhernottogiveupsoeasily.Canyoudividethesesentencesinto2or3groups?Workingroups1.理解每句话中todo/do的含义。2.根据含义将句子分类。Shelikestoplaytheflute.Sheplaysittorelax.Shelikestoswim.Shestartedswimmingtogetoverherfear.Shelikestopaint.Shesawhermotherpaint.Shedecidedtogiveitago.Shelikestotryiceskating.Herinstructortoldhernottogiveupsoeasily.Canyoudividethesesentencesinto2or3groups?Workingroups1.理解每句话中todo/do的含义。2.根据含义将句子分类。不定式做

宾语不定式做

目的状语不定式做

宾语补足语1.什么是不定式？不定式是看起来很像动词，却具有

等不同性质的词类，可以在句子里扮演“主语”“宾语”“补语”的角色。不定式?名词形容词副词2.不定式的形式不定式之所以看起来像动词，是因为它一般是由to+动词原形组合而成的。+=to动词原形不定式例Idon’twanttogo.不定式Theyliketostayhere.不定式3.不定式的用法1做名词用1.做句子的主语例Toleavehereisimpossible.Toseehermakesmenervous.主语主语不定式做主语时，可视其为一个不可数名词，因此动词必须使用单数形式。注当不定式为句子的主语时，我们常会用it来代替不定式作为句子的“形式主语”（也就是假的主语），并把真正的主语（不定式）移到句子后面。3.不定式的用法1做名词用1.做句子的主语注it(形式主语)todo(真正的主语)我是主语。我才是真的主语。例Tocheatiswrong.→=Itiswrongtocheat.真正主语形式主语3.不定式的用法1做名词用2.做动词的宾语不定式可以接在动词后面，作为动词的宾语。例Peterwantstogo.Youneedtosleep.togo(去)为动词want的宾语tosleep(睡)为动词need的宾语3.不定式的用法2做形容词用一般形容词是放在名词前面:Sheisacutegirl.而不定式做形容词时，则是放在名词后面:1.Ihavesomethingtosay.2.Themanneedsaplacetolive.tosay(说)修饰前面的代词somethingtolive(住)修饰前面的名词aplace不定式也可以做形容词3.不定式的用法3做副词用1.不定式可以放在动词后，修饰动词，以表示动作的“目的”。Hesatdown

torest.Theyallgoout

tohelp.2.不定式可以放在形容词后，修饰形容词Iamglad

toseeyou.Wewereexcited

towatchthegame.torest(休息)修饰动词短语sitdown,表示坐下来是为了休息torest(帮忙)修饰动词短语goout,表示出去是为了帮忙toseeyou(见到你)修饰形容词glad，表示“见到你”是“高兴的”towatchthegame(观看比赛)修饰形容词excited，表示“看比赛”是“很兴奋的”4aReadthesentences.Decideifeachinfinitive(不定式)inboldfunctionsasanobjectcomplement(宾语补足语)oradverbial(状语).Whatdoyoudoinyourfreetime?Iplaytheflutetorelax.Howdidyouspendyourweekend?Iwenttothesportscentretoiceskate.Howdidyougetintopainting?Isawmymotherpaint.Idecidedtogiveitago.Whatdidyourinstructorsay?Shetoldmenottogiveupsoeasily.作目的状语作目的状语省略to的不定式作宾语补足语作宾语补足语getinto开始做某事；进入giveitago试一试某事语法知识导图动词不定式作目的状语和宾语补足语动词不定式作目的状语动词不定式作宾语补足语→可位于句首，也可位于句尾

表示目的或意图，通常意为“为了.....”(重点）用于“命令、要求、允许”类动词后用于“希望、期望”类动词后用于使役动词和感官动词后（重点）用于其他动词后本单元重点讲动词不定式作目的状语和宾语补足语。TheinfinitivetodoGrammar2）动词不定式的用法

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的功能，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语（宾补）、定语、状语等。e.g.TolearnChinesewellisusefulforus.（作________）

(=It’susefulforustolearnChinesewell.)学好语文对我们有用。(动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,将真正的主语不定式置于句尾。)Mytasktodayistohelpyouwithyourhomework.（作________）

我今天的工作是帮助你完成作业。IdecidetovisitChangsha.（作_________）我决定去长沙旅游。Iheardhimsingeverymorning.（作________）我每天听到他唱歌。Wouldyouliketohavesomethingtodink？（作定语）你想喝点什么吗？Igetupearlytocatchthecarlybus.（作___________）

我每天早晨早起是为了赶早班公共汽车。主语表语宾语宾补(目的)状语Grammar考向1

动词不定式作目的状语①动词不定式（短语）作目的状语时，通常意为“为了······”，用于说明

动作的目的或意图。②动词不定式（短语）作目的状语时可放在句首，一般用逗号与后面

的内容隔开，也可放在句尾。e.g.Togetthereontime,theystartedearly.为了准时赶到那儿,他们很早就出发了。=Theystartedearlytogetthereontime.特别提醒：表示目的也可用inorderto和soasto，但soasto

通常

不位于句首。e.g.Hereadseverydayinorderto/soastoimprovewritingskills.

为了提高写作技能，他每天阅读。

练习：

（无锡中考）Thechildrendidalotofresearchinthelab__________(finish)thescienceproject.tofinishGrammar拓展：动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语

动词不定式（短语）作状语往往表示目的、结果或原因等。

①

作目的状语

作目的状语的动词不定式可置于句首，也可置于句末，

可与inordertodo互换。注意：常用于todo、inordertodo/soastodo等结构中,表示“为了做”。e.g.Hecameheretoseeme.他来这儿是为了见我。

②

作结果状语

常用于too....todosth.(太.......而不能做某事)、....enoughtodosth.(足够......做某事)、so/such...astodosth.(如此.......以至于做某事)等结构中。e.g.Heistooyoung_________(go)toschool.=Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.他太小了，不能去读书。togoGrammar拓展：动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语

动词不定式（短语）作状语往往表示目的、结果或原因等。③

作原因状语

不定式作原因状语时往往跟在表示高兴、愉快、生气、荣耀、遗憾等情感形容词之后，说明产生这种情感的原因。常用于beglad/sad/happy/sorry/pleased/surprised/disappointed/...todosth.结构中。e.g.I'mpleasedtobeinvitedtotalkhere.

我很高兴被邀请来这里谈话。练习：我很开心带领你们参观公园。(show...around)I’mveryglad___________________thepark.toshowyouaroundGrammar考向2

动词不定式作宾语补足语

用于补充说明宾语的动作或状态，通常用于某些动词之后，构成“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构。

①用于“命令、要求、允许”类动词后，如ask、tell、order、require、

allow、permit。e.g.Samaskedmetohelphim.萨姆让我帮助他。Theteacheralwaystellsusnottoswimintheriver.

老师总是叮嘱我们不要在河里游泳。②用于“希望、期望”类动词后，如want、wish、expect、wouldlike。e.g.Parentswanttheirchildrentogrowuphealthily.

父母希望孩子健康成长。Grammar③用于使役动词（如make、have、let等）和感官动词（如see、watch、

notice、hear、listento、feel等）后时，动词不定式通常省略to。e.g.Didyounoticeherleavethehouse？你注意到她离开屋子了吗？Isawhergetintothecar.我看见她上了车。Hisparentslethimsweepthefloor.他父母让他扫地口诀：

一感(feel)

二听

(hear,listento)

三使

(have,make,let)

四看(see,watch,notice,observe)

半帮助

(help)→动词不定式(短语)在help后作宾语补足语时，

可带to也可不带to。考向2

动词不定式作宾语补足语Grammar考向2

动词不定式作宾语补足语拓展：作宾语补足语

有的动词后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语；有的动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语（如：感官动词和使役动词后）。注意：这些感使动词在“主动变被动”时，to要补回来，let除外。e.g.Thebossmadetheworkersworklonghours.=Theworkersweremadetoworklonghoursbytheboss.

老板让员工长时间工作。练习：IhavealovelygoldfishandIoftenwatchit________happilyinthetank.A.swimsB.swimmingC.toswimD.swimDGrammar考向2

动词不定式作宾语补足语④用于其他动词后，如teach、warn、invite、encourage等。

练习：（云南中考改编）

Ourheadmasterwillinviteascientist__________(give)usaspeechonspacetechnology.解析：句意：我们的校长将邀请一位科学家为我们做一次关于航天技术的演讲。invitesb.todosth.“邀请某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填togive。togiveGrammar拓展：疑问词+动词不定式“疑问词+动词不定式（短语）”

动词不定式（短语）可以和疑问代词who、whom、what、which或疑问副词when、how、where及连词whether连用构成“疑问词/连词+动词不定式（短语）”结构，该结构在句中充当主语、

宾语、表语等成分。e.g.Whattodoisanimportantthing.(作主语)

要做什么是一件重要的事情。Ican'tdecidewhattodo.(作宾语)我决定不了做什么。Thequestioniswhentostart.(作表语)问题是什么时候开始。练习：WhenIfeeldown,mybestfriendalwaysknowshow______meup.A.cheerB.cheeringC.tocheerD.cheersC如何区分不定式作宾补还是状语？

成分作用句子逻辑例句宾补状语补充说明宾语的动作/状态说明谓语动词的目的主语让/叫/要求宾语做某事主语做某事是为了达成某个目标Heaskedme

toopenthedoor.Hestooduptoopenthedoor.动词不定式其它用法1.

It'stimeforsth/todosth…该干……了2.

It's+adj/n.+(for/ofsb.)+todosth（对某人）做某事是……3.sb.think/find/considerit+adj.+todosth认为/发觉作某事……怎么样4.It'sbetter/thebesttodosth.

最好做某事5.tryone'sbesttodo尽某人最大的努力做……6.It'sone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做……start/beginstart/begintodostart/begindoingsth开始做......preferprefertodopreferdoingsth更喜欢做......love/likelike/lovetodolike/lovedoingsth喜欢做......动词后既可以用todo也可以用doingregretregrettodosthregretdoingsth遗憾要做...(未做)stopstoptodosthstopdoingsth停下来做......(未做)后悔做过...(已做)停止做......(已做)rememberremembertodosthrememberdoingsth记得去做...(未做)forgetforgettodosthforgetdoingsth忘记去做......(未做)记得做过...(已做)忘记做过......(已做)挑战一：用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.(2025福建中考改编）Wewillattendtheteafestivalinourtown____________(learn)moreaboutteaculture.2.(2025宿迁中考改编）KittywillgototheEnglishCorner____________(practise)herEnglishthisSaturdayafternoon.3.Teachersoftenencourageus____________(work)hardtoachieveourdreams.4.IwatchedJohn____________(walk)acrossthestreetjustnow.tolearntopractisetoworkwalk挑战二：根据所给汉语完成句子。1.我们需要带些零食在野餐时吃。Weneedtotakesomesnacks____________________atthepicnic.2.妈妈告诉我不要在公园里摘花。Momtoldme____________________inthepark.3.在野营前，我请求我的朋友教我搭帐篷。Iaskedmyfriend____________________thetentbeforecamping.4.我们的老师提醒我们去远足时要带足够的水。Ourteacherremindsus____________________whenwegohiking.toeatnottopickflowerstoteachmetoputuptotakeenoughwater挑战三：阅读短文，从方框中选择合适的词，并用其正确形式填空。Todaywewenttothezoo.Thepandasinthezoowerereallycuteandtheymadeus1.____________Isawababylion2.____________toitsmother.MrWuaskedusnot3.____________theanimalstherebecauseitmightmakethemsick.Thistripwasmeaningfulbecauseithelpedus4._______________theimportanceofprotectinganimals.iking.

runlaughunderstandfeedlaughruntofeed(to)understand4bCompletetheconversationswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.1.A:Thanksforyouradvice!Itmademe____________(decide)totryskiing.B:You'rewelcome.Try____________(forget)yourfearsandhavefun!2.A:Mycousinoftenasksme____________(fly)kiteswithherwhenit'swindy.B:Thatsoundsfun!I'dlovetowatchyou____________(fly)kitessometime.3.A:Ilovetowatchkungfumovies____________(relax).B:Really?WhenIwant____________(relax),Iwatchanimalvideos.4.A:Myparentstoldme____________(notpush)myselftoohard.B:Yes,it'simportant_______________(notforget)torelaxonceinawhile.decidetoforgettoflyflytorelaxtorelaxnottopushnottoforgetmake使役动词+省略to的不定式作宾语补足语trytodosth.

作宾语asksb.todosth.

作宾语补足语(宾补)watchsb.dosth.(观看全过程)

省略to,作宾补作目的状语want

todosth.

作宾语tellsb.nottodosth.

作宾补pushoneselftoohard逼自己太狠It’s+adj.+(not)todosth.

it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语onceinawhile偶尔地；间或Languagepoints4b3.①

Itmademedecidetotryskiing．它让我决定尝试滑雪。

②Trytoforgetyourfearsandhavefun!

尽量忘记你的恐惧，玩得开心！

trydoingsth.

试着做某事

trytodosth.尽力做某事辨析：trydoingsth.与

trytodosth.

trydoingsth.

尝试做某事

表示尝试，并没有明确的目的性。

trytodosth.

努力做某事,尽力做某事

侧重为达到目的而努力。e.g.Wetriedtosetoffearly,buttherewasatrafficjam,sowehadto

tryfindinganotherway.我们尽量早出发了，但（因为）交通堵塞，

所以我们不得不尝试找另一条路。练习：Englishisveryimportant.Wemusttry________itwell.A.learningB.learnC.learnsD.tolearnDLanguagepoints4b4.Myparentstoldmenottopushmyselftoohard.

我父母告诉我不要逼我自己太狠。1）

push

v.督促；推

【动词】(1)督促；鞭策

pushoneselftoohard把自己逼得太紧

pushsb.todosth.督促／鞭策某人做某事e.g.Justrelax.Don'tpushyourselfsohard.

放轻松。别把自己逼得太紧。（枣庄中考）Ahealthycompetitivespiritcanpushpeopletotrytobebetter.

健康的竞争精神可以促使人们努力变得更好。（扬州中考）

（2）推

反义词是pull“拉”。e.g.YoupushandIpull.你推我拉。拓展：【及物动词】按下（按钮、开关等）

同义词是press。e.g.Igotinandpushedthebuttonforthefourthfloor.

我进去后按了去四楼的按钮。Languagepoints4b4.Myparentstoldmenottopushmyselftoohard.

我父母告诉我不要逼我自己太狠。2）myself

pron.我自己

【反身代词】在句中可作宾语、同位语或表语。e.g.Icanlookaftermyselfwell.

我可以照顾好自己。（作lookafter的宾语）I'llspeaktohermyself.我要亲自去跟她说。（作I的同位语）I'mnotmyselftoday.我今天不太舒服。（作表语）练习：1)Don’tpush________toohard.Ifyou’retired,restforawhile.A.youB.yourselfC.meD.myself2)WangChuqinandSunYingshamadehistoryacoupleofdaysago.Ibelievetheywillcontinuetopush________harderandgetbettergrades.A.himselfB.herselfC.themselvesD.yourselvesBCLanguagepoints4b5.Yes,it'simportantnottoforgettorelaxonceinawhile.

对，重要的是不要忘记偶尔放松一下。

onceinawhile

偶尔地；间或

常用来表示频度，其前可加every，相当于nowandthen、attimes、fromtimetotime。e.g.Heusuallycooksathome,butonceinawhileheorderstakeout.

他通常在家做饭，但偶尔也会点外卖。练习：IlivefarawayfrommyparentssoIcanonlyvisitthem________.A.intimeB.onceinawhileC.inplentyoftimeD.ontimeBPracticeCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.1.Mydadencouragedme____________(keep)trying.2.Igototheparkeverymorning____________(run).3.Sheaskedhim____________(notbe)late.4.Weuseapps____________(learn)English.5.Iheardher____________(sing)inthenextroom.tokeepencouragesb.todosth.

作宾补torun作目的状语nottobeasksb.not

todosth.

作宾补tolearn作目的状语singhearsb.dosth.(听到全过程)

省略to,作宾补4cCompletethepassagewiththeinfinitiveformsoftheverbsinthebox.Whatdoyouusuallydooutdoors?(not)comedolistenplayspendstaywatchMytwinbrotherandIlookalike,butwearesodifferent.Ilovesport,andIoftenmeetmyfriends__________footballandtennis.Mybrotherjoinedustoplayfootballonceortwice,buthedecided____________afterthat.Hedoesn'tlikesportverymuch!Instead,helikes__________athomeand__________movies,__________tomusic,andchatwithfriendsonline.Ourparentswereworriedabouthimstayinghometoomuch.Theyalsowantedus__________moretimetogetherasafamily.So,nowtheyletus__________ourfavouriteactivitiesonSaturdays,butonSundays,wegoonafamilyoutingtogether!toplaynottocometostaywatchlistentospenddotostay,watch,listen,chat作likes的并列宾语letsb.dosth.使役动词let,省略to,作宾补

goonanouting外出游玩作目的状语作宾语作宾补stayathome待在家里chatwithsb.与某人聊天beworriedabout=worryabout

担心Languagepoints4c6.chat闲聊

chat

v.&n.闲聊（1）【不及物动词】过去式和过去分词为chatted，现在分词为chatting。

chatwithsb.与某人闲聊

chataboutsb./sth.

聊起某人／某事e.g.Hedoesn'tknowhowtochatwithothers.他不知道如何和别人聊天。Theyoftenchatabouttheirhobbies.他们经常聊他们的爱好。（2）【可数名词】

haveachatwithsb.=chatwithsb.

与某人聊天练习：Itisfunhavingachatwithyou.跟你聊天很有趣。=Itisfun__________________you.

chattingwithLanguagepoints4c7....butonSundays,wegoonafamílyoutingtogether!······但在周日，我们家会一起出外游玩！

outing

n.出外游玩；远足

通常指集体出外游玩或学习，时间一般不超过一天。

goonanouting出外游玩e.g.Thechildrenwereonaday'soutingfromschool.

孩子们离校游览了一天。TheywentonanoutingtothebeachlastSunday.

上周日他们去海滩游玩了。练习：()WhichofthefollowingactivitiesisprobablyNOTarecreation(消遣)?A.makingpottery(陶器)B.goingonanoutingC.watchingthestagedramaD.doinghouseholdchoresDLet’sbecomethebestplannersanddesigna“perfectrelaxingday”plan!

SectionGuidingQuestionsExampleDestinationWherewillyougotohavefun?Wewillgototheparktoflykitesandhaveapicnic.ActivitiesWhatwillyoudotorelaxyourmind?FoodPlanWhatwillyoupreparetoeat?

...

Workingroupstomakeyourplanandcompletethetable.Youcanuseinfinitives.MakeaplanReportandsharePrepareashortspeechtomakeeveryoneloveyourplan!Youcanusethefollowingexpressions....willmakeyoufeelrelaxedandhappy....willmakeeveryoneforget......askourfriendstojoinourwonderfulpicnic....letyouhavea...day.Youcan...andhear......Eachgrouphas2minutestopresent.Andlet’sseehowmanystarsyourgroupcanget.Let’sfindthebestplan!Howmanystarscanyouget?1.Useinfinitivescorrectly(atleast4times).2.Makeacreative&detailedplan.3.Haveafluentandclearpresentation.4.Goodteamwork&persuasionTotalstarsReportandshare一、动词不定式作目的状语Summary二、动词不定式作宾语补足语一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Miss

Wu

always

encourages

us

________（read）

great

books

in

our

free

time.2.The

school

doesn’t

allow

students_________（bring）

smartphones.3.Let

him_________（not

play）

the

computer

games.4.Our

teacher

told

us___________（not

run）

in

the

classroom.5.Teenagers

should

do

more

exercise________（build）

a

strong

body.to

readto

bringnot

playnot

to

runto

build二、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。6.让我们想想我们能为挽救蓝鲸做些什么。Let’s

think

about

what

we

can

do

___

_____

blue

whales.tosave7.我收藏这些旧票据是为了记住生活中重要的事情。I

collect

these

old

tickets

___

__________

something

important

in

life.toremember8.汤姆希望他的爸爸这周日带他去动物园。Tom

wishes

his

dad___

_____

him

to

the

zoo

this

Sunday.totake9.房间里太吵了。所以她请室友把音乐关掉。It

was

too

noisy

in

the

room.

So

she

asked

her

roommate

___

_____

____

the

music.toturnoff10.她每天都在练习以提高自己的唱歌技巧。She

practises

every

day

___

________

her

singing

skills.toimprove三、按要求完成句子，每空一词。11.They

went

to

the

zoo

in

order

to

see

the

pandas.（改为同义句）____

____

the

pandas，they

went

to

the

zoo.Tosee12.They

get

up

early

to

do

morning

exercises.（对画线部分提问）______

____

they

get

up

early？Whydo13.She

studies

hard

to

pass

the

final

exam.（改为同义句）She

studies

hard

____

___

fail

the

final

exam.notto14.My

friends

advise

me

to

visit

Sanya

in

winter.（改为否定句）My

friends

advise

me

____

___

_____

Sanya

in

winter.nottovisit15.The

little

boy

expected

his

father

to

give

him

some

advice.（对画线部分提问）______

____

the

little

boy

expect

his

father

___

____?Whatdidtodo四、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意思完整、通顺。

北外附中校本经典题#1stay

paint

check

explore

live

Digital

technology（数字技术）

has

helped

us

16.___________

a

wonderful

life!

I

love

checking

out

cool

pictures

and

posts

on

social

media.

They

allow

me

17._______

in

touch

with

my

friends

and

share

happy

moments.

I’ve

also

learnt

a

great

deal

through

online

learning

apps!

For

example，I

took

some

interesting

courses

on

traditional

Chinese

painting

on

an

app.

They

taught

me

18.________

bamboo

step

by

step.

（to）

liveto

stayto

paintThe

app

even

let

me

19.______

my

daily

progress.

Such

apps

also

encouraged

me

20.__________

other

fun

activities.

But

you

have

to

be

careful

and

shouldn’t

get

too

caught

up

in

it.

After

all，the

offline

world

is

also

exciting，right?#1.2checkto

explore五、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。push

chat

I

instead

video21.Sometimes

my

father

comes

to

my

room

for

a

_____

about

my

study.22.The

young

man_______the

door

open

and

walked

into

the

room

quickly.23.I

guess

that

your

brother

is

watching

some

animal_______.24.There’s

no

coffee

now.

Would

you

like

a

cup

of

tea_______?25.I

didn’t

have

breakfast.

I’m

making

a

sandwich

for_______.chatpushedvideosinsteadmyself六、根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。26.我去年偶尔去看望我的祖父母。______

___

___

______，I

visited

my

grandparents

last

year.Onceinawhile27.他们没能进入大楼，因为他们没有钥匙。They

couldn’t

____

_____

the

building

because

they

didn’t

have

the

key.getinto28.虽然爬山很难，但我想试一试。Although

it

is

difficult

to

climb

the

mountains，I

want

to

_____

___

___

____.giveitago29.埃拉，你觉得功夫电影怎么样？What

do

you

think

of

______

___

_______，Ella?kungfumovies30.这个星期天和我们一起外出游玩怎么样？How

about

______

____

____

_______

with

us

this

Sunday?goingonanouting七、语言知识运用。阅读下面的短文，从方框中选择5个恰当的词块填空，并将其正确形式写在相应的横线上。