2012年高考英语试卷（全国卷ii）（含解析版）

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：⒈本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。⒉答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。⒊答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。⒋考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷第一部分英语知识运用(满分50分)第一节语音知识(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：have A.gave B.save C.hat D.made答案是C。⒈theater A.treasure B.wheat C.season D.realize⒉persuade A.usual B.insist C.sugar D.trousers⒊company A.alone B.carrot C.money D.knock⒋opposite A.service B.outside C.pioneer D.police⒌society A.official B.recent C.chocolate D.difficult第二节语法和词汇知识(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild___heorshewants. A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever答案是B。⒍–Whatshallwedotonightthen?–___–whateveryouwant. A.Helpyourself B.It’sadeal C.Noproblem D.It’suptoyou⒎Hemissed___goldinthehighjump,butwillget___secondchanceinthelongjump. A.the;the B.不填;a C.the;a D.a;不填⒏Thatevening,___Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate. A.that B.which C.what D.when⒐Sarahmade___totheairportjustintimetocatchherplanethismorning. A.herself B.this C.that D.it⒑Tonylentmethemoney,___thatI’ddoasmuchforhim. A.hoping B.tohope C.hoped D.havinghoped⒒Ihadhardlygottotheoffice___mywifephonemetogobackhomeatonce. A.when B.than C.until D.after⒓We___topaintthewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday. A.setabout B.setup C.setout D.setdown⒔Nexttobiology,Ilikephysics___. A.better B.best C.thebetter D.verywell⒕–DidyouaskSophiaforhelp?–I___needto–Imanagedperfectlywellonmyown. A.wouldn’t B.don’t C.didn’t D.won’t⒖Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy___anythingthathappenedtobeon. A.towatch B.watching C.watched D.tohavewatched⒗100℃isthetemperature___whichwaterwillboil. A.for B.at C.on D.of⒘I’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifI___findthemoney. A.can B.might C.would D.need⒙Themanager___theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9a.m. A.hastold B.istelling C.hasbeentelling D.willhavetold⒚TheHarryPotterbooksarequitepopular;theyareingreat___inthiscity. A.quantity B.progress C.production D.demand⒛–Trynottoworkyourselftoohard.Takeiteasy.–Thanks.___ A.Sowhat? B.Noway. C.Whatfor? D.You,too.第三节完形填空(每小题1.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AroundtwentyyearsagoIwaslivinginYork.21IhadalotofexperienceandaMaster’sdegree,Icouldnotfind22work.Iwas23aschoolbustomakeendsmeetand24withafriendofmine,forIhadlostmyflat.Ihad25fiveinterviews(面试)withacompanyandonedaybetweenbusrunstheycalledtosayIdidnot26thejob.“Whyhasmylifebecomeso27?”Ithoughtpainfully.AsIpulledthebusoverto28alittlegirl,shehandedmeanearring29Ishouldkeepit30somebodyclaimed(认领)it.Theearringwaspaintedblackandsaid“BEHAPPY”.AtfirstIgotangry.Thenit31me–Ihadbeengivingallofmy32towhatwasgoingwrongwithmy33ratherthanwhatwasright!Idecidedthenandtheretomakea34offiftythingsIwashappywith.Later,Idecidedto35morethingstothelist.Thatnighttherewasaphonecallfor36fromaladywhowasadirectoratalarger37.SheaskedmeifIwould38aone-daylectureonstress(压力)managementto200medicalworkers.Isaidyes.My39therewentverywell,andbeforelongIgotawell-paidjob.TothisdayIknowthatitwasbecauseIchangedmywayof40thatIcompletelychangedmylife.21.A.As B.Though C.If D.When22.A.successful B.extra C.satisfying D.convenient23.A.driving B.repairing C.taking D.designing24.A.working B.travelling C.discussing D.living25.A.preparedfor B.attended C.askedfor D.held26.A.lose B.like C.find D.get27.A.hard B.busy C.serious D.short28.A.waveat B.dropoff C.callon D.lookfor29.A.ordering B.promising C.saying D.showing30.A.incase B.orelse C.asif D.nowthat31.A.hurt B.hit C.caught D.moved32.A.feelings B.attention C.strength D.interests33.A.opinions B.education C.experiences D.life34.A.list B.book C.check D.copy35.A.connect B.turn C.keep D.add36.A.her B.apassenger C.me D.myfriend37.A.hospital B.factory C.restaurant D.hotel38.A.listento B.review C.give D.talkabout39.A.plan B.choice C.day D.tour40.A.operation B.speaking C.employment D.thinking第二部分阅读理解(满分45分)第一节语篇阅读(每小题2分)第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(每小题2分)(A)Coldweathercanhardonpets,justlikeitcanbehardonpeople.Sometimesownersforgetthattheircatsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter(住所)astheyare.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime,thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout,stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou’recoldenoughtogoinside,theyprobablyaretoo.Iyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime,makesuretheyhaveawarm,solidshelteragainstthewind,thickbedding,andplentyofnon-frozenwater.Ifleftaloneoutside,dogsandcatscanbeverysmartintheirsearchforwarmshelter.Theycandigintosnowbanksorhidesomewhere.Watchthemcloselywhentheyareleftoutdoors,andprovidethemwithshelterofgoodquality.Keepaneyeonyourpet’swater.Sometimesownersdon’trealizethatawaterbowlhasfrozenandtheirpetcan’tgetanythingtodrink.Animalsthatdon’thavecleanandunfrozenwatermaydrinkdirtywateroutside,whichmaycontainsomethingunhealthyforthem.41.WhatdowelearnaboutpetsfromParagraph1? A.Theyareoftenforgottenbytheirowners. B.Theyareusedtolivingoutdoors. C.Theybuildtheirwonshelters. D.Theyliketostayinwarmplaces.42.Whyarepetownersaskedtostaywiththeirpetswhentheyareoutincoldweather? A.Toknowwhentobringtheminside. B.Tokeepthemfromeatingbadfood. C.Tohelpthemfindshelters. D.Tokeepthemcompany.43.Ifpetsareleftontheirownoutdoorsincoldweather,theymay___. A.runshortofcleanwater B.digdeepholesforfun C.dirtythesnownearby D.getlostinthewild44.Whatisthepurposeofthistext? A.Tosolveaproblem. B.Togivepracticaladvice. C.Totellaninterestingstory. D.Topresentaresearchresult.(B)Youmaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport,butitisreallynothardtolearnit.Youdonotneedtobestrong.Butyouneedtobequick.Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind.First,youmustaskyourself,“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside?”Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail.Let’sstartwiththewindblowingfrombehind.Thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection.Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata90°angle(角度)totheboat.Thenitwillcatchthewindbest.Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside,itisblowingacrosstheboat.Inthiscase,youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45°angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind,butitshouldn’tflap(摆动).Itshouldn’tlooklikeaflagonaflagpole.Ifitisflapping,itisprobablyouttoofar,andtheboatwillslowdown.Sailingintothewindisnotpossible.Ifyoutry,thesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop.Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.Itispossible,butyoucan’tgoinastraightline.Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.Whenyouaretacking,youmustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat.45.Whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing? A.Sailors’strength. B.Wavelevels. C.Winddirections. D.Sizeofsails.46.Whatdoestheword“It”underlinedinParagraph4referto? A.Theboat. B.Thewind. C.Thesail. D.Theangle.47.Whatdoyouhavetodowhensailingagainstthewind? A.Moveinastraightline. B.Allowthesailtoflap. C.Lowerthesail. D.Tacktheboat.48.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext? A.Inapopularmagazine. B.Inatouristguidebook. C.Inaphysicstextbook. D.Inanofficialreport.(C)Facialexpressionscarrymeaningthatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships.Forexample,inAmericanculture(文化)thesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure.Yetitalsohasotheruses.Awoman’ssmileatapoliceofficerdoesnotcarrythesamemeaningasthesmileshegivestoayoungchild.Asmilemayshowloveorpoliteness.Itcanalsohidetruefeelings.Itoftencausesconfusion(困惑)acrosscultures.Forexample,manypeopleinRussiaconsidersmilingatstrangersinpublictobeunusualandevenimproper.YetmanyAmericanssmilefreelyatstrangersinpublicplaces(althoughthisislesscommoninbigcities).SomeRussiansbelievethatAmericanssmileinthewrongplaces;someAmericansbelievethatRussiansdon’tsmileenough.InSoutheastAsianculture,asmileisfrequentlyusedtocoverpainfulfeelings.Vietnamesepeoplemaytellasadstorybutendthestorywithasmile.Ourfacesshowemotions(情感),butweshouldnotattemptto“read”peoplefromanothercultureaswewould“read”someonefromourownculture.Thefactthatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenlyasdomembersofanotherdoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperienceemotions.Rather,thereareculturaldifferencesintheamountoffacialexpressivenesspermitted.Forexample,inpublicandinformalsituationsmanyJapanesedonotshowtheiremotionsasfreelyasAmericansdo.Whenwithfriends,JapaneseandAmericansseemtoshowtheiremotionssimilarly.ItisdifficulttogeneralizeaboutAmericansandfacialexpressivenessbecauseofpersonalandculturaldifferencesintheUnitedStates.PeoplefromcertainculturalbackgroundsintheUnitedStatesseemtobemorefaciallyexpressivethanothers.Thekeyistotrynottojudgepeoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionaredifferent.Ifwejudgeaccordingtoourownculturalhabits,wemaymakethemistakeof“reading”theotherpersonincorrectly.49.WhatdoesthesmileusuallymeanintheU.S.? A.Love. B.Politeness. C.Joy. D.Thankfulness.50.TheauthormentionsthesmileoftheVietnamesetoprovethatsmilecan___. A.showfriendlinesstostrangers B.beusedtohidetruefeelings C.beusedinthewrongplaces D.showpersonalhabits51.Whatshouldwedobeforeattemptingto“read”people? A.Learnabouttheirrelationswithothers. B.Understandtheirculturalbackgrounds. C.Findoutabouttheirpastexperience. D.Figureoutwhattheywilldonext.52.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetest? A.CulturalDifferences B.SmilesandRelationship C.FacialExpressiveness D.HabitsandEmotions(D)ADDISABABA,Ethiopia–Oneoftheworld’smostfamousfossils(化石)–the3.2million-year-oldLucyskeleton(骨骼)unearthedinEthiopiain1974–willgoonanexhibitiontourabroadforthefirsttimeintheUnitedStates,officialssaidTuesday.EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital,AddisAbaba,isareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.AteamfromtheMuseumofNationalScienceinHouston,Texas,spentfouryearsdiscussingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tour,whichwillstartinHoustonnextSeptember.“Ethiopia’srichcultureofboththepastandtoday,isoneofthebestkeptsecretsintheworld,”saidJoelBartsch,directoroftheHoustonmuseum.Thesix-yeartourwillalsogotoWashington,NewYork,DenverandChicago.OfficialssaidsixotherU.S.citiesmaybeonthetour.Buttheysaidplanshadnotbeenworkedout.TravellingwithLucywillbe190otherfossils.Lucy,hernametakenfromaBeatlessongthatplayedinacampthenightofherdiscovery,ispartoftheskeletonofwhatwasoncea3eq\f(1,2)-foot-tallape-man(猿人).53.Theauthorwritesthistextmainlyto___. A.introduceafewU.S.museums B.describesomeresearchwork C.discussthevalueofanape-man D.reportacomingevent54.Whatdothewords“areplica”inParagraph2referto? A.Apaintingoftheskeleton. B.AphotographofLucy C.Acopyoftheskeleton. D.AwrittenrecordofLucy.55.HowmanycitieshasLucy’sU.S.tourplanalreadyincluded? A.Four. B.Five. C.Six. D.Eleven.56.Whatwastheskeletonnamedafter? A.Anape-man. B.Asong. C.Asinger. D.Acamp.(E)MakeUpYourMindtoSucceedKind-heartedparentshaveunknowinglylefttheirchildrendefenselessagainstfailure.Thegenerationbornbetween1980and2001grewupplayingsportswherescoresandperformancewereplayeddownbecause“everyone’sawinner.”Andtheirreportcardssoundedmorepositive(正面的)thaneverbefore.Asaresult,StanfordUniversityprofessorCarolDweck,PhD,callsthem“theoverpraisedgeneration.”Dweckhasbeenstudyinghowpeopledealwithfailurefor40years.Herresearchhasledhertofindouttwoclearlydifferentmind-setsthathaveagreateffectonhowwereacttoit.Here’showtheywork:Afixedmind-setisgroundedinthebeliefthattalent(才能)isgenetic–you’reabornartist,pointguard,ornumbersperson.Thefixedmind-setbelievesit’ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame.Whenthingsgetdifficult,it’squicktoblame,lie,andevenstayawayfromfuturedifficulties.Ontheotherhand,agrowthmind-setbelievesthatnotalentisentirelyheaven-sentandthateffortandlearningmakeeverythingpossible.Becausetheego(自尊)isn’tonthelineasmuch,thegrowthmind-setseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame.Whenfacedwithadifficulty,it’squicktorethink,changeandtryagain.Infact,itenjoysthisexperience.Weareallbornwithgrowthmind-sets.(Otherwise,wewouldn’tbeabletoliveintheworld.)Butparents,teachers,andinstructorsoftenpushusintofixedmind-setsbyencouragingcertainactionsandmisdirectingpraise.Dweck’sbook,Mind-set:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,andonlineinstructionalprogramexplainthisindepth.Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren,grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure.57.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthepresentgeneration? A.Theydon’tdowellatschool. B.Theyareoftenmisunderstood. C.Theyareeagertowininsports. D.Theyaregiventoomuchpraise.58.Afixedmind-setpersonisprobablyonewho___. A.doesn’twanttoworkhard B.caresalotaboutpersonalsafety C.cannotsharehisideaswithothers D.cansucceedwiththehelpofteachers59.Whatdoesthegrowthmind-setbelieve? A.Admittingfailureisshameful. B.Talentcomeswithone’sbirth. C.Scoresshouldbehighlyvalued. D.Gettingoverdifficultiesisenjoyable.60.WhatshouldparentsdofortheirchildrenbasedonDweck’sstudy? A.Encouragethemtolearnfromfailures. B.Preventthemfrommakingmistakes. C.Guidethemindoinglittlethings. D.Helpthemgrowwithpraise.Daughter：Dad.Youloveme,don’tyou?Father：Ofcourse,Ido.61Daughter：Well,Isawthisgreatofferforafreephonehereinthenewspaper,and…Father：62Daughter：Well,thephoneisfree…afterthe＄50Ipayisreturnedtome.Father：Ah,sothat’sthecatch.63Daughter：Dad.Allmyfriendshaveone.Father：Ah,Idon’tknow.64Daughter：Butthemonthlychargeforthisserviceisonly＄29.99,with1,000freeweekdayminutesnationwide,andunlimitedweekendminutes.Father：Idon’tknow.Daughter：PleaseDad.Withthenewphoneyouwon’thavetoworryaboutmewhileI’mdrivingthenewcar.Father：65Daughter：Thenewcaryou’llneedtobuysoIcanusethephone.A.Ah…what’sonyourmind? B.Newcar?Whatnewcar?C.Free?Nothing’severfree. D.Whatdidyoudotothenewcar?E.Andwhyonearthdoyouneedaphone? F.Theyalwayschargealotfortheservice.G.Butwhatisthetermoftheserviceagreement?第II卷第三部分写作(共三节，满分55分)第一节单词拼写(每小题1分)根据下列句子及所给汉语注释，在答题卡相应题号的横线上写出空缺处各单词的正确形式(每空只写一词)。66.Doyouspeakany__________(外国)languages?67.Rebeccawasthe__________(骄傲)ofherfamily.68.Willyoustop__________(打断)mewhenI’mtalking?69.DavidBeckham’s__________(国籍)isBritish.70.The__________(现代)historyofItalydatesfrom1860.71.Bob’s__________(侄子)isafreshmanatHarvardUniversity.72.AlicewantedtoborrowJack’scomputer,buthe__________(拒绝).73.Her__________(书架)arefilledwithbooksandphotos.74.Whatareyougirls__________(耳语)about?75.Don’t__________(咳嗽)morethanyoucanhelp.第二节短文改错(每小题1.5分)此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。先对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。此行I’mwritingtotellyouopinionaboutwatersaving. 76.______Waterisimportant.We,aswellasanimal,cannotlive 77.______withoutwaterandneitheragricultureorindustrycango 78.______withoutit.Yetitseemedwaterisbecominglessandless. 79.______Manycountriesintheworldfindwedon’thaveenoughwater. 80.______Todealwithaproblem,Ithink,weshouldfirstgoall 81.______outtoplanttreesthoughtreeswillhelpsavewater.Next,no 82.______drinkingwatershouldbeleftrunning.Third,weshouldfind 83.______way