高中英语选修7-unitGrammar不定式

动词不定式结构

:todo(否定)nottodo

大家好动词不定式的作用

FunctionsofInfinitive

1主语(subject)2表语(predicative)3宾语(object)4宾补(objectcomplement)5定语(attribute)6状语(adverbial)

7.独立结构(absoluteconstruction)

大家好三.用法/功能Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.(1).主语句型转换Tolookaftermypetsproperlytakesalotoftime.

It

takesalotoftimetolookaftermypetsproperly.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.(2).表语大家好Iwanttogohome.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(3)宾语think/consider/findit+adj.+todo

常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.

大家好Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.(4).宾补warn/tell/allow/help/ask/force等+sb.todosth.大家好e.g.Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).注意1>help后面的“to”可省去e.g.Theyoftenhelpthegrandma(to)carrywater.2>see,hear,watch,feel,notice等感官动词和let,make,have等使役动词后面，不定式作宾语时要省“to”

（注：被动语态不省to）大家好1.Theysawtheboyfallsuddenlyfromthetree.Theboywasseentofallsuddenlyfromthetree.Exercise：将下列句子改成被动语态

MothermadeJohnwashthecarforaweek.

Johnwasmadetowashthecarforaweek.大家好3>不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式(do/did/does),那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3).Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep.大家好Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.注意：如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Eg：请给我一支写字的笔.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.大家好1.不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后

(1)Shewasverybusyandhadnotimetovisitherfriends.

(2)Ladiesandgentlemen,Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时

eg:

Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.(5).定语大家好4.如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词

Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite____.Shehasanicepentowrite_____.Heboughtaflatforthefamilytolive____.onwithin3.也可用在have…todo和therebe句型中。Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Ihavenojewelrytowear.大家好3.结果状语:③Wehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.onlytodoonlytobedone表示意外的结果1.Wehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.2.Wehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadleft.大家好Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)状语（表示目的或结果）inorderto,

soasto,enoughto,too….to.,onlyto,（表达意想不到的结果）Eg:Wehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.大家好(7).独立结构tobefrank,tobehonest,Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.类似的结构大家好(8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.

Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.

Myquestioniswhentostart.

(宾语)

(主语)

(表语)

Whynotdo……?大家好固定词组和句型1.preferdoingtodoing

2.prefertodoratherthando3.wouldratherdo4.advise/allow/permit/forbidsb.

todo(advise/allow/permit/forbiddoing)大家好1.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.3.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.Identifyitsfunction.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想大家好4.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.5.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.6.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.7.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.(attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)大家好8.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.9.SomedaysIamtootiredtogetoutofbed.10.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmentto

givefinancialassistancetodisabled

people.(adverbial)(adverbial)(objectcomplement)大家好exercise大家好Myteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.beingBDCwant/need/require用doing的形式表示被动wantdoing=wanttobedone这句句子需要再被翻译一次

大家好?4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave?5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn?6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffBDC大家好几对易混淆的词组：stoptodosth.停止去做某事

doingsth.停止正在做．．．forgettodosth.忘记去做．．．

doingsth.忘记已做了．．．remembertodosth.记得去做．．．

doingsth.记得曾经做．．．大家好7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudyBA大家好?9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned?10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished?11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogoBDB大家好12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade?13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg?14.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingreadAAC大家好动词不定式的时态和语态todotohavedonetobedoingtobedonetohavebeendone大家好(1)Theypretendednottoseeus.(2)Hepretended

tobeworkinghardwhenhisbosspassedhim.(同时或不定式动作后发生。)(同时发生，且不定式动作正在进行)(不定式动作先发生)大家好hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned…+tohavedone表示过去没有实现的期待或者计划Hewantedtohavemetyouattheairport,buthedidn’tgetthereintime.Iintendedtohaveresignedfromthecompany.大家好Exercise30大家好1.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying?2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake3.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects?31大家好4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows____.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit6.Themotherdidn’tknow____toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why32大家好7.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learned D.learning?8.Weagreed____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet?9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto33大家好10.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented34大家好13.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep15.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake35大家好1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_______________arebothgreathappiness.2中国人民决不会征服。TheChinesepeoplerefuse_________________3据说他已经完成了他的工作。Heissaid_______________