考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷87

考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷87

一、阅读9翻译句子）（本题共25题，每题7.0分，共

25分。）

Rumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncrcationism/cvolutionarcinthepublisher's

pipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.[Fl]Thegoalofallwillbelotrytoexplainlo

aconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcilizenrythal(herearenottwoequallyvalid

scienlifktheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,

andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountof

whathappened.[F2]Scientificcrealionism,whichisbeingpushedbysomeforequal

timeintheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbased

onreligion,nolscience.Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnon-fundamentalist

religiousleadershavecometoregardscientificcreationismasbadscienceandbad

religion.ThefirstfourchaptersofKitchefsbookgiveaverybriefintroductionto

evolution.Atappropriateplaces,heintroducesthecriticismsofthecreationistsand

providesanswers.Inthelastthreechapters,hetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthe

creationistsagoodbeating.[F3]Hedescribeslhoi>programmesandlactics、and,for

ihoseunfamiliarwilhihewaysofcrealionists,iheexlenlofiheirdecemionanddislo「lion

maycomeasanunpleasanlsurprise.Whentheirbasicmotivationisreligious,onemight

haveexpectedmoreChristianbehavior.Kitcherisphilosopher,andthismayaccount,in

part,fortheclarityandeffectivenessofhisarguments.[F4]Thenon-specialistwillbe

abletoobtainatleastanotionofthesortsofdataandargumentthatsupportevolutionary

theory.Thefinalchapteronthecreationistswillbeextremelycleartoall.Onthedust

jacketofthisfinebook,StephenJayGouldsays:Thisbookstandsfbrreasonitself.

[F5]Andsoitdoes-andallwouldbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinIhe

creationism/evolutiondebate.

1、[Fl]

标准答案：所有这些书的目的都试图向迷惑而且通常还没有被启发的普通民众解

释：不可能有两种同样站得住脚的关于宇宙和生命的起源和演化的科学理论同时存

在。

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、[F2]

标准答案；科学的神造说/特创论——不论什么时候谈到进化的科学解释的时候，

某些人就会要求在教室里获得同等的时间来解释这一学说——是以宗教为基础的，

而不是以科学为基础。

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、[F3]

标准答案：他揭露了这些人的纲领和手段，对那些不了解创世纪论者惯用手法的人

来说，其欺骗和歪曲事实的程度会让他们感到气愤和吃惊。

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、[F4]

标准答案：非专业人士起码可以了解支持进化论的各种数据和观点。

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、[F5]

标准答案：的确如此一如果理性是创世纪论和进化论之争的唯一裁判，一切问题

就已解决了。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.Isthis

whatyouintendedtoaccomplishwithyourcareers?SenatorRobertDoleaskedTime

Warnerexecutiveslastweek.Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournation

andthreatenourchildrenaswell?AtTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimply

thelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversince

thecompanywasburnin1990.[Fl]Il'sascl「-exanii【ialiunlhu(has,alvarious(iu心,

involvedissuesofresDonsibility、creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.Atthe

coreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverforthelateSteveRossin

1992.[F2]Onihefinancialfront,LevinisunderpressuretoraiseSheslock“iceand

reduceIhecompany'smounlainousdebtwhichwillincreaseto$17.3billionafterIwo

newcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructure

thecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.[F3]Theflapoverrapisnot

makinglifeanyeasierfoihim,Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany'srapmusic

onthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasing

Ice-T'sviolentrapsongCopKiller,Levindescribedrapaslawfulexpressionofstreet

culture,whichdeservesanoutlet.[F4]Theofanydemocraticsociety,hewroteina

WallStreetJouinalcolumn,liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhether

itgivesfreedomof[houghtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatilude,however

disputableoriiritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wcwon'tretreatinthefaceofany

threats.Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthe

chairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthe

discussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth'sstockholders'meeting.Levinassertedthat

musicisnotthecauseofsociety'sillsandevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,New

York,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.[F5]Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe

balancedstrugglebetweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheannounced

ihalihccuiuDdiiywouldlaunchadriveludcvclupslaudu心15disUibuliuuandlabcliiig

ofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.The15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerally

supportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhave

showntheirconcernsinthismatter."Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthat

thefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotallyunlimited,"saysLuce.Ithinkit

isperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecently

cometorealizethis.

6、[Fl]

标准答案：这是一种在不同时期会涉及责任、创作自由和公司底线问题的自我反

省。

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、[F2]

标准答案：财政方面，他承受着抬高股价和减少公司巨额债务的压力。在两笔新的

有线电视交易谈妥后，债务将达到173亿美元。

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、[F3]

标准答案：人们对说唱音乐的焦虑并没使他的日子变得好过，莱文一向以它是一种

富于表现力的演唱方式这个理由来为公司的说唱音乐辩护。

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、[F4]

标准答案：他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章中写道：对任何一个民主社会的检验

不在于它能多有效地控制各种情感的表达，而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最

广泛的自由，尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒。

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、[F5]

标准答案：但他也谈到了在创作自由和社会责任之间要保持平衡的问题，他还宣布

公司将致力于为一些人们可能会反感的音乐制定发行和标识的标准。

知识点解析：暂无解析

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedor

madeillegal.[Fl]Butoneinsidiousfonncontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,for

thoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,refers[odiscriminationagainstthosewhose

suniamcsbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.Ithaslongbeenknownthat

ataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomers

thumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdam

AbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman.[F2]Englishnamesar〉fairlyevenlyspread

betweenthehalvesofthealphabet,yetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehave

surnamesbeginningwilhlettersbetweenAandK.[F3]ThusiheAmericanpresident

andvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorge

Bush'spredecessors(includinghisfalher)hadsurnamesinihefirsihalfof(healphabet

againstjus116inihesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsof

governmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,

Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld'sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,

DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreally

usesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld'sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,

EllisonandAlbrecht）.Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthe

sparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.

[F4]ALihestartofIhefirstyearininfantschool,teacherssealpupilsalphabetically

fromthefront,lomakeiteasierloremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysman

juniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedby

thoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinkthey

havehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetless

individualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.Thehumiliation

continues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;

bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.[F5]

Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersand

attendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestasthey

ploughthroughthem.

11、[Fl]

标准答案：但是还有一种神秘的不公平和歧视形式继续盛行：按字母排序。对于那

些至今还没有意识到这个劣势的人来说，这指的是歧视那些姓氏首字母排在字母表

后半部分的人。

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、[F2]

标准答案：英语名字很沟匀地分布于字母表的前后两部分，不过，许多杰出人物的

姓氏首字母都在A与K之间。

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、[F3]

标准答案：美国总统和副总统的姓氏首字母分别是B和C；乔治、布什的前任中

（包括他的父亲），有26位姓氏在字母表的前半部分，而只有16位在后半部分c

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、[F4]

标准答案：在幼儿园第一学期的开始，老师们按字母表顺序从前排开始安排座位，

为的是更容易记住他们的名字。

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、[F5]

标准答案：求职面试的决选名单、投票选举单、会议发言和出席名单，所有这些往

往都是按字母顺序排列的，而人们在翻看这些东西的时候总是渐渐地失去兴趣。

知识点解析：暂无解析

[Fl]Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdo3closelyfollow【heclassical

rationalmodeloffirslclarifyinggoals,assessingiheproblem,formulatingoptions,

estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision*andonly【hentakingactionto

imDlKmentthedecision.[F2]Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,these

seniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitiontomanageanetworkof

interrelatedproblemstha(requirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,

andsurprise;and2integrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.Generationsofwriters

onmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.

Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitas

theoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.Isenberg's

recentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers'

intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinct

ways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyon

intuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitrary

orirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethat

buildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpractice

intoanintegratedpicture,ofteninanAha!experience.Fourth,somemanagersuse

intuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.[F3]Mostsenior

executivesarcfamiliarwiththefcHTnaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewho

usesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutions

suggestedbythesemethodswhichruncounlertoiheirsenseofihecorreclcourseof

action.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidly

toengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneous

cognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.Oneofthe

implicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparable

fromacting.Sincemanagersoftenknowwhatisrightbefore(heycananalyzeand

explainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.[F4]Analysisisinexlricablytied

loactioninihinking-actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopihoughtsabou【iheir

companiesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,

butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.[F5]Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmany

ofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseof

actionsimplytoIcammoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactionto

developamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking-acting

cyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthe

solution.

16、[Fl]

标准答案：大部分成功的高层管理人员并不拘泥于传统的推理模式，即：首先确定

目标，然后估定问题，摆出各种可能性，估计成功率，再做决定，最后才付诸行动

去实施。

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、[F2]

标准答案：相反，在这些人的曰常决策过程中，他们靠一种定义模糊的直觉应付大

量相关问题，这些问题陵他们必须在一堆含糊不清、自相矛盾、奇特无比或者令人

惊异的事物中做抉择，而且在考虑过程中就要有相应的行动。

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、[F3]

标准答案：大部分高层管理人员熟知传统的决策分析模式和工具，那些使用这些正

式的系统化方法做出决定的人经常会对一种情况保持警惕，那就是有时此方法得出

的结论和他们对正确行为的感觉不符。

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、[F4]

标准答案：在思考一行动的循环中，分析是必不可少的。在这其中管理者们不是靠

分析他们面对的形势来思考其公司和组织的情况，而是在同一高度进行行动和分

析。

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、[F5]

标准答案：由于管理者们经常面对许多不确定的情况，他们鼓励采取各种行动来对

问题作一番深入了解。

知识点解析：暂无解析

The21stcenturyisacenturyofbiotechrevolution.[Fl]Yntbeforehumanbaingsare

abletofullyenjoy[hefruitsof[hebiotechdevelopment,theissueofhumancloning

arisingthereforeisalreadyaproblemthatnoonecanevade.Intherecentyear,some

scientistsandorganizationshavemadepublictheirintentionstoclonehumanbeings.

Humancloningisincreasinglyareality,ratherthanadistantfantasy.Accordingtosome

scientists,thereareexpermentsonhumancloninginmostpartsoftheworld.However,

onemustrealizethathumancloningmaybringaboutcomplicatedconsequences.

Thereforetoday,mostcountries,especiallythosewithadvancedbiotechnology,explicitly

banorseverelyrestricthumancloning.Sofar,23countrieshaveregulationsexplicitly

banningreproductivecloning.[F2]Somescientists、doctorsandlegalexpertshave

evenaskedtheUnitedNationsloseekanadvisoryopinionfromtheWorldCourt

declaringhumancloninglobeacrimeagainslhumaniiy.Nevertheless,fewcanrejectthe

tremendoustemptationofwhattherapeuticcloningcandoincreatingtransplantsand

fightingdiseases.Therefore,manycountriesarenotsoresoluteandthoroughinbanning

humanembryocloning.Besides,sufficientanimalexperimentsmayservetoremovethe

technologicalobstaclesonthewaytohumancloning.[F3]Sotechn