考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷614

考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷614

一、阅读(补全短文)(本题共20题，每题7.0分，共

20分。)

[A]Theresearcherscalculatedthedifferentwaterfootprintsofthreedifferentdietsfbr

eachregion:1.thecurrentdietintheregion(basedonnationalfoodconsumption

statisticsfor1996-2005);2.ahealthydietbasedonregionalguidelines;and3.a

vegetariandiet,whichwasbasedonthehealthydiet,butwiththemeatsubstitutedwith

othersourcesofprotein,suchaspulsesandnuts,etc.[B]DifferentEuropeanregions

haveverydifferentdietsandenvironmentalconditions,meaningtheirwaterconsumption

varieswidely.Despitethis,switchingtovegetariandietsinkeepingwithregional

variationwouldsubstantiallyreducewaterconsumptioninallareas,anewstudy

concludes.Wherepeoplechoosetocatmeat,adoptingahealthydietlowinoilsandsugar

willalsoreducewaterconsumption,althoughtoalesserdegree.[C]Thereisincreasing

pressureonglobalwaterresources,withdemandrisingandtheeffectsofclimatechange

causingconcern.Wateruseefficiencyisthereforeakeyissue.IntheEU,the

consumptionofagriculturalproductsrepresents89%ofthewater"footprint",accounting

for4265led(litresperpersonperday)outofatotalof48151cd.Dietis,therefore,

thoughttohaveasubstantialinfluenceonwaterconsumption.[D]Inthesouth,the

currentwaterfootprintwaslargest,asexpectedforhottercountrieswhere,fbrexample,

irrigationmayberequiredforcropproduction.However,consumptionofmeatwasalso

high,withthecurrentconsumptionof58.9kgperpersonperyearalmostthreetimesthe

regionalrecommendationof20.8kg.Thesoutherntotalof5875leddroppedby30%

underthehealthydietand41%underthevegetariandiet.Countriesintheeasteatthe

leastmeatandcurrentwaterconsumptionof4053leddroppedby11%forthehealthy

dietandby27%forthevegetariandiet.[E]Thisstudyshowsthatreducingtheamountof

meat,sugarandoilsinadietcanhaveasignificanteffectonthewaterfootprint,even

whenregionaldifferencesarctakenintoconsideration.Theresearchersdonoteone

importantlimitation:waterfootprintestimatesforfisharenotavailableandcouldnotbe

included;however,theynotethatthiswillinfactresultinunderestimationofcurrent

waterfootprint.[F]Theresultsdemonstratethatvegetariandietsachievethegreatest

reductioninwaterconsumptionacrossallfourregions.Thetwolowestfootprintsofthe

currentdietswereinthenorthandwest.Inthenorth,thecurrentwaterfootprintis

calculatedas31971cdandthisdroppedby3%to3091ledunderthehealthydietandby

32%to21661cdunderthevegetariandiet.Inthewest,thetotalof3761ledwasreduced

by26%asaresultofthehealthydietand4i%forthevegetarian.|G]Inthisstudy,

researchersexaminetheeffectsofdietonwaterfootprint,takingintoaccountthe

differencesinregionaldiets.Thefourregionswerethosegeographicalregionsdefinedby

theUNforthecompilationofstatistics.Theyincludedthenorth(Denmark,Estonia,

Finland,Ireland,Latvia,Lithuania,SwedenandtheUK);theeast(theCzechRepublic,

Bulgaria,Hungary,Poland,RomaniaandSlovakia）;thewest（Austria,Belgium,France,

Germany,LuxembourgandtheNetherlands）;andthesouth（Croatia,Cyprus,Greece,

Italy,Malta,Portugal,SloveniaandSpain）.

1.7ct2.—►3.一♦4・-*ft.—♦E

1、

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题可以先用排除法。C和E的位置已经给出，不必考虑。A、F、G

的开头分别含特指名词Theresearchers、Theresults^thisstudy,这三段均不可能成

为首段。B先讲述欧洲各地因饮食习惯和环境条件不同而导致耗水量迥异，接着通

过一项研究结果引出“采用素食餐饮能有效减少水耗''这个话题，符合开篇段落惯用

的行文模式。D讲的是调查结果，属于具体分析部分，上文还没介绍研究的大体情

况，此处不可能直接进入对研究结果的详细讲解。相比之下，B更适合做文章首

段，故为正确答案。

2、

标准答案：G

知识点解析：G介绍了上文所讲研究的研究对象（范围），即欧洲的四个统计区域，

并分别介绍这几个区域包括哪些国家。可以看出此处应该是这四个区域在文中首次

出现的地方。A出现的eachregion说明A应该在G之后。D和卜分别介绍上述儿

个区域水足迹的研究调查结果，也都应该在G之后。故本题选G。

3、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：上一段（即G）对上文提及的研究作了大致介绍，包括研究的目的和对

象，A介绍了研究的方法，两段语义衔接。此外，F和D中均按照“日常饮食-

健康的饮食—素食”这几个对比条件来分析调查结果，由此判断F和D之前应该

已介绍过这三种条件。综上所述，确定本题选A。

4、

标准答案：F

知识点解析：F介绍了欧洲北部和西部在三种饮食条件下，水足迹的变化。D介绍

了欧洲南部和东部两个地区的调查结果。两段都是讲调查结果，F首句的The

resultsdemonstratethat...提示F会在D之前。故选F。

5、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：上文指出研究的对象（范围）包括欧洲的四个区域，上一段（即F）介绍

了其中两个区域的水足迹情况，可见接卜来的这一段应该会对应着讲述另外两个区

域的水足迹变化情况。D的内容与此相符，故为答案。

[A]Accordingtoatwo-yearstudy,wearablefitnesstrackersdesignedtocoaxusersinto

bustingmovesandburningcaloriesthroughouttheirdailylivesdidn'thelpanyonelose

weight.Infact,overweightdietersusingthearm-mountedgizmosactuallygainedmore

weightonaveragethanthoseusingold-fashioned,tcch-lcssdietingschemes.Thestudy,

publishedTuesdayinJAMA,contradictsearlierstudiesthatfoundthetrackerscanboost

weightloss.Butthoseearliertrialstendedtobesmallerandshorter.|B]Forthestudy,

Dr.Jakicicandhiscolleaguesstartedwithoneofthoseeffectivebehavioralinterventions.

Theyenrolled471youngadults(aged18-35)whowereoverweight(withanaverage

weightofaround210pounds)andwantedtoslimdown.Forthefirstsixmonths,the

participantshadtosticktoalow-caloriediet,aprescribedfitnessplan,logtheirprogress

indietdiaries,andattendweeklygroupcounselingsessions.[C]Aftersixmonths,

everyonehadlostweight—about17-19poundsonaverage.Next,theparticipantswere

dividedintotwogroups.Onegroupgotthefitnesstrackerfor18months,whiletheother

justhadtologtheiractivityintoastudywebsite(consideredastandarddietingmethod).

Bythe24-monthmark,rranyparticipantsinbothgroupshadregainedsomeofthe

weighttheylostinthefirstsixmonths.Thoseonthestandardplanwere,onaverage,13

poundslighterthanwhentheystartedthewholething(beforethesix-month

intervention).Butthoseusingthefitnesstrackerswere,onaverage,onlyabout8pounds

lighter.|D|Jakicicsaysfuturestudieswillbenecessarytoteasesuchpotentialfactors

out,plustesttheeffectivenessofdifferentwearablefitnesstrackingdevices."Probably

moreimportantly/'hesaid,"isforustotrytounderstandforwhomandwhenthese

devicesareactuallyveryeffective."Forsomepeople,fitnesstrackersmightwork,he

said.Forothers,theymightbackfire.[E]Chiminginwithreminders,data,andtips,our

sleekgadgetsandhandyappswanttoprogramusintobeingbetterversionsofourselves:

moreresponsible,moreproductive,andhealthier.But,sadly,sometechnologyisno

matchforthechaoticcodeofanemotionalhuman—particularlyonestrugglingonadiet.

|F|Whiletheresultssurprisedtheresearchers,thedatadidn'tprovideanyclearcluesas

towhythefitnesstrackersseemedtosabotagedieters*weightlossefforts.Perhapsthe

devicesworkedtogetpeoplemoving,butthenledthemtobehungrierandovereat.Or

it'spossiblethatpeoplemighthavefeltdiscouragediftheykepttrackoftheirfitnesseach

day,felttheyweren'tgoingtomeettheirdailygoal,andthengaveupearly.[G]Thenew

data,theauthorssay,suggeststhattossingtechnologyatbigproblems,likefitness,diet,

willpower,andmotivation,isn'tstraightforwardandrequiresmorenuanced,long-term

studies."1thinkwehavecobealittlebitcautiousaboutsimplythinkingthatwhatwecan

doisjustaddtechnologytothesealreadyeffectiveinterventionsandexpectbetter

results,"leadstudyresearcherJohnJakicic,oftheUniversityofPittsburgh,saidinan

interviewwithJAMA.

A,J—艮_」一|B~|—叵一1±」-CO

6、

标准答案：E

知识点解析：本题可用排除法。A和B的位置已经给出，不必考虑。C段首的

Aftersixmonth*表明前文应该有讲六个月之前的情况，且C第二句出现了特指名

词theparticipants,因此C不会是首段。D提及人名Jakicic,前文应该有关于此人

的简单介绍或说明，故D也不可能是第一段。F和G开头分别出现了特指表达the

results和theresearchers.以及Thenewdata和theauthors,故它们也不能做首段。

E开头无特指名词，也无暗示先后次序的表达，适合作为开篇段落；该段末尾引出

文章话题，指出对于节食的人来说，科技可能起到适得其反的作用。故本题选E。

7、

标准答案：G

知识点解析：本题在A和B之间。C是介绍研究后期的过程，而B介绍的是研究

的前期过程，因此C应在B之后。D是对穿戴式设备研究未来发展方向的展望，

与A和B的主题都相去甚远，不能衔接，故也排除。F是对研究结果的成因进行

猜测，G说的是面对研究结果，研究人员提出的想法。从语义来看，二者似乎都能

与上文衔接。但是下一段（即B）提到Dr.Jakicic,而G出现了此人的基本介绍，包

括全名、供职单位、头衔等，可见该人名首次出现在G,故G在B之前。此外，A

最后提到该研究得出的结论与早期的研究相悖.包含新旧对比之意，G中的The

newdata正好呼应了这一潜在语境。故答案选G。

8、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：上一段（即B）介绍了该项研究的前期过程，C介绍了该项研究的后期

过程，且C首句的Aflersixmonlhs正好对应B末句的Forihefirstsixmonlhs,两段

语义衔接，故木题选C、

9、

标准答案：F

知识点解析：C结尾处讲述研究发现的结果：健身追踪设备的减重效果不如传统方

式。F首句提及研究结吴使研究者吃惊，结合该句后半部分讲的“健身追踪设备妨

碍节食者减重”（ihefitnesstrackers...sabotage...weightlossefforts）,可知F

首句的theresults即指C说的研究结果。故选F。

10、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题为文章的末段，科普文在结尾处常会指出不足或未来的研究方

向。D指出未来关于佩戴式追踪设备的研究方向，符合文章结尾的行文特点。上一

段（F）提到目前的研究未能揭示这类设备起到反作用的原因，并对可能的原因作r

猜测，D则指出未来需要弄清楚这些潜在的因素，两段语义相承。故选D。

[A]Privateschoolsalsotendtoemphasizeaholisticapproachtoeducationinorderto

developmorewell-roundedindividuals.Theirsmallerstudentnumbersmakeitpossible

forthemtoinvestbothresourcesandtimeinbuildinginstate-of-the-artfacilitiesand

developingrobustextracurricularprograms.Lookattheirartsandsportsprogramsin

particularwhenselectingaschool;theyareinvariablymuchmorecomprehensiveand

theirimportancecannotbeundervalued.Theyteachstudentsvaluablelifeskillssuchas

teamwork,responsibilityandconfidence—thingsyoucannotlearnfrombooksand

blackboards.[B]Alowerstudent-teacherratioalsoenablestheteacherstodevotemore

timetowardsengagingwithparentsandkeepingthemup-to-dateontheirchild's

progress,asprivateschoolsalsorecognizethatgivingachildagoodeducationisthe

responsibilityofboththeschoolandtheparents.Sendingparentsregularemailsand

newslettersonschooleventsandstudentperformanceispartofthisprocess,butprivate,

schoolswillgotheextramilebyholdingsocialeventssuchasparentbreakfastsand

fundraiserdinners.[C]Inmanyaspects,privateschoolsareabletoofferacademicand

environmentaladvantagesthatpublicschoolscannot,v/hichmakesthemanattractive

optionforparentswhofeelthattheirchildrenneedsomethingmorethanwhatthepublic

schoolingsystemcanoffer.Despitetheextracostsincurred,theimpactthatagood

schoolcanhaveinthelong-termdevelopmentofachild'sskills,mindsetandcharacter

shouldmakeprioritizingthequalityofyourchild'seducationaworthyinvestment.[D]

Theflexibilityofprivateschoolstoadapttheircuniculumtoworldtrendsandtheir

willingnesstoexplorespecializedsubjectsmeansthattheyarebetterplacedtodevelop

childrenwithamoreglobaloutlook,withthehopethattheywillcarrythismindsetwith

themintoadulthoodandtheleadershiprolestheymaytakeoninthefuture.Studentsare

encouragedtoexamineandaddresscurrentworldissuesintheirclasswork,while

extracurricularactivitiesmayalsoincludefieldtrips—localandinternational—and

communityoutreachprojectsforstudentstounderstandtheirresponsibilitytogiveback

tothecommunity.|E|SendingyourchildtoaprivateschoolintheUSisnotadecision

tobemadelightly.AccordingtoonlineresourcesitePrivateSchoolReview,thenational

averageprivateschooltuitionfeescomesupto$9,582peryearperchild,whichisa

significantexpendituregiventhatpublicschoolsare"free'*bylaw.Sowhatmakes

privateschooleducationaworthwhileinvestmentforyourchildren'sfuture?Whatdo

youneedtolookoutforwhenchoosingthe"right"school?[F]Akeythingtolookout

forwhendecidingonaschoolisthestudcnt-tcachcrratioinclassrooms,aslowerratios

meanfewerchildrenintheclassandthusagreateropportunitytoreceiveattentionfrom

theteacher,promotingmoreactiveengagementandacademicachievement.Datafrom

theNationalCenterforEducationStatisticsshowsthatprivateschoolshaveconsistently

demonstratedalowerstudent-teacherratio,hitting12.2studentsperteacherin2013,

whilethepublicschoolratiowas16.1inthatsameyear.[G]Closetoaquarterofall

schoolsintheUSareprivate,andtheirprimaryadvantageliesintheacademicvariety

theyoffer.Whilepublicschoolsarcsubjecttostatewideeducationpolicies,supervision

andstandardizedtests,privateschoolshavemorefreereinovertheircurriculumand

staffingpolicies.Thismeansthattheyareabletoprovideacademicprogramsthatmay

notbeavailableinpublicschoolssuchastheInternationalBaccalaureate,aswellasanda

widervarietyofAdvancedPlacementcourses.

2.(ZU

II、

标准答案：E

知识点解析：本段可用排除法。F和D的位置已经给出，不用考虑。A和B的首句

都出现了ako一词，说明都必须要有上文与之对应，因此都可排除。C、E、G的

开头都没有明显提示上下文先后次序的字眼，都有可能为首段。C和G本质上都

是讲私立学校的优势，说明为何要选择入读私立学校；这正好回答了E末尾的提

问；可见C和G应该在E之后。E指出送孩子去私立学校并不是一个简单的决

定，结尾处通过提问引出下文的分析，符合开篇段落的特征。故本题答案选E。

12、

标准答案：G

知识点解析：本题在E之后。F和D的位置已给出，无需考虑。A说的是私立学校

的优势，其首句also说明上文应该已提及私立学校的其他优势，而上一段（即E）却

无相关内容，故排除A。同理，B首句的also说明上一段应该己谈及师生比例，这

也与E的内容不符。故B也排除。C属于对私立学校的优势和为何值得把孩子送

去私立学校就读的总述.比较符合文章结尾段的特征。G讲述的是私立学校的其中

一种优势——学术多样性，承继上段提问，此处进入对私立学校优势和价值的探

讨，即开始对上段问题作答，语义逻辑合理，故本题选G。

13、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题位于G和F之间，G和F讲的都是私立学校的优势，故推断本

题所选段落也应该与私立学校的优势相关。A指出私立学校更着重通过整体教学培

养更全面的人才，继G讲的学术多样性之后，这属于私立学校的又一优势，A首

句中的also很好地体现了两段之间的关系，过渡自然。故确定答案选A。

14、

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题位于F与D之间。F主要讲课堂师生比例低有利于学生更好地参

与课堂并获得更好的学业成绩。B首句的Alowerstudent-teacherratio复现了F中

的关键词：B谈论的是师生比例低的另一个好处，两段谈论的主题一致：且B首句

的also也表明B应接F后面，故本题选B。

15、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：最后一段需要选择带有总结性质的段落，C首句的Inmany

aspects...academicandenvironmentaladvantages...总结、概括上文提至U的

私立学校在各方面的优势，而末句的aworthyinvestment则与E中的aworthwhile

investment为同义表达，形成首尾呼应。C符合末段的行文规则，故为本题答案。

[A]Thehormonelevelsinthechimps'urineshowedthat,perhapsunsurprisingly,they

tendedtobemorestressedwhentheyencountered,orthoughttheyhadencountered,

animalsfromothergroups.Buttheresearchalsoshowedthatthesocialrelationships

appearedtolimitstressallthetime,notjustinthemoststressfulsituations.Thissuggests

itisimportantforchimpstohave"bondpartners"withwhomtheyregularlyengagein

friendlyandcooperativebehaviorandrarelyareaggressivetoward.[B]Theresearchers

watchedwildchimpanzeesatalong-establishedUgandanfieldsite,Sonso,overtwo

years,notingarangeofaggressiveandaffiliativesocialinteractions.Thisincludedtimes

whentheanimalswererestingandgroomingeachother,andwhentheysaworheard

membersofotherchimpgroups.Theresearchersmeasuredthechimps1stresslevelsby

extensivelycollectingurinesamplestotestforthepresenceofglucocorticoids.[C]Itis

easytomentallyreplacethechimpanzeesinthisstudywithhumans,andusetheterm

"friends"insteadof"bondpartners".Weallidentifythathardtimesareeasierwitha

friendlyshouldertocryon.Eveninaday-to-daycontext,ourlivesarethatlittlebit

brighterwhenwcknowourfriendsarcthere.[D]AnewlypublishedarticleinNature

Communicationslooksintotwopossiblemechanismsbehindthewaysocialbondsactas

abuffertostressinchimpanzees.Theresearcherslookedattwocontrastingtheories:

whether"bondpartners"(thechimpanzeeequivalentoffriends)justmakeparticularly

stressfultimeslessso,orwhethertheeffectsofthispartnershiparefeltthroughoutthe

day.[E]Thispaperrevealsthattheconstructionandmaintenanceofsuchclosesocial

bondswithothershassignificant,measurablebenefitsforthephysicalandmentalwell­

beingofchimpanzees,andisregulatedataphysiologicallevel.Notonlycouldthishelp

furtherourunderstandingoftheevolutionofhumansocialbehavior,butitmayalso

influencethewaywefaceandtacklebothphysicalillnessesandmentalhealthproblems

acrosshumancommunities.[F]Itappearsthatbothinandoutofstressfulsituations,the

dailypresenceofbondpartnersactuallyregulatesthesystemthatmanagesthebody's

hormones,reducinganindividual'soverallstress.Whileactivesupportofabondpartner

reducesglucocorticoidlevelsthemost,theirmerepresencealsoleadstolessstress.

Althoughnotproveninthisstudy,theauthorsbelievethatoxytocin,oftenreferred