高中英语选择性必修二Unit 1 知识清单

Unit1scienceandscientists知识清单重点单词1.severeadj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的，严厉的--severelyadv.很严重地；极为恶劣地《1》严寒:severecoldness《2》严重的伤势:severeinjuries《3》严重的社会问题:severesocialproblems《4》严重的破坏:severedamage《5》It’sarulethatcrueltytoanimalsis__severely____(severe)punishedinEngland.2.frustratedadi懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的——使懊恼，使沮丧frustratev---frustratedadi令人沮丧的《1》受到挫折:getfrustrated《2》因、、、而灰心丧气:befrustratedat《3》Theytriedeverypossiblewaytohandlethe_frustrating(frustrate)situation.《4》虽然出了问题，但我们都没有感到失望或沮丧。Althoughthingsgowrong,noneofusfeeldisappointedorfrustrated.3.contradictoryadj相互矛盾的，对立的；不一致的---contradictv.反驳；与、、、相矛盾--contradictionn抵触；矛盾；矛盾的说法------self-contradictory自相矛盾的《1》矛盾信息:contradictoryinformation《2》互相矛盾的陈述：contradictorystatements4.infectionn感染；传染—infectv使感染；传染---传染性的：infectious《1》受到感染：haveaninfection《2》患上感染/传染病：sufferfrom/get/developaninfection《3》治疗感染:treataninfection《4》感染上、、、:beinfectedwith《5》小心把伤口清理干净，这样不会被感染。Cleanthewoundcautiouslysoitdoesn’tgetinfected_______5.subscribev认购（股份）；定期订购；定期缴纳（会费）----订阅者subscriber--订阅subscripyion《1》同意；赞同:subscribeto《2》赞同一个理论:subscribetoatheory《3》订阅杂志:subscribetoamagazine《4》办理订阅:takeoutasubscription《5》我个人从来都不同意一种性别比另一种性别优越的观点。I’vepersonallyneversubscribetotheviewthateithersexissuperiortotheother.6.suspectvt/vi怀疑、不信任犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象----怀疑suspicion----感觉可疑的:suspicious（1）怀疑某人某事:suspectsbofsth《2》警告某人某事:warnsbofsth《3》控告某人某事：accusesbofsth《4》治愈某人的某种疾病:curesbofsth《5》告知某人某事:informsbofsth《6》使某人相信某事：convincesbofsth《7》我最好的朋友怀疑我泄露了她的秘密。Mybestfriendsuspectedmeofgivingawayhersecret.7.blamevt.把、、、、归咎于；责怪；指责n责备；指责《1》因（做）某事而责备某人:blamesbforsth《2》把某事归咎于某人:blamesthonsb《3》应承担责任，该受责备:betoblamefor《4》对某事负责；承担责任:accept/bear/taketheblamefor《5》把某事的责任推到某人身上:put/laytheblameforsthonsb8.linkn联系；纽带vt把、、、连接起来；相关联《1》把、、、和、、、联结起来:link..to/with《2》与、、、有联系/有关:belinkedwith/to《3》、、和、、之间的联系:linksbetween…and…《4》儿童的行为与其父母的教育存在着密切的联系。Thisisacloselinkbetweenthechildren’sbehaviorandtheirparents’education.9.decreasen减少；降低；减少量vt/vi(大小，数量等)减少；减小；降低—increasev增加，增长n.增加，增长《1》减少到:decreaseto《2》减少了:decreaseby《3》在减少:onthedecrease《4》在增加:ontheincrease《5》参观人数一直在稳步下降。Therehasbeenasteadydecreaseinthenumberofvisitors.10.transformvt使改观；使改变形态vi改变；转变《1》把、、变为、、transform…intosth《2》用、、来改变、、transform..with…《3》我充分意识到，是在国外的生活经历完全改变了我。I’llfullyawarethatit’stheexperiencefrommylifeabroadthathastotallytransformedme11.castvt(cast/cast)投射；向、、、投以（视线。笑容等）；投掷《1》扔掉，抛弃:castaway《2》抛弃，丢弃，废除:castaside《3》解缆；丢弃，抛弃:castoff《4》研究克隆的科学家们发现多利得的疾病更容易发生在老年的羊身上，这使他们很沮丧。CloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthatDolly’sillnessweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.《5》他的尖锐言论和悲观态度给会议蒙上了阴影。Hissharpremarksandpessimisticattitude_castashadowonthemeeting.12.pourvt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）《1》把、、倒入、、中:pour..into..《2》倒掉、、、pouraway《3》（雨）倾盆而下:pourdown《4》下滂沱大雨:pourwithrain《5》在两个盘子里倒少许酱汁，然后把肉排放整齐。Please_pour______apoolofsauceontwoplatesandarrangethemeatneatly.13.defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解-----defencen.防御，保护，保卫；防御物《1》保卫、、、免受、、、defendagainst/from《2》为某人辩护:inone’sdefence《3》对。。。的防御物:adefenceagainst《4》每个能够参加战斗的男子现在都致力于保卫这条山脊。Everymanwhocouldfightisnowcommittedtodefendingtheridge.14.giftedadj有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的---giftn.天赋，天才，才能《1》在、、、方面有天赋/才华:begiftedin/at《2》具有、、、:begiftedwith《3》有、、、天赋:haveagift/talentfor《4》Hehasasenseofhumor,andisgifted(gift)withasharpbusinessbrain.15.shiftn改变；转换；轮班vi/vt转移；挪动；转向《1》轮班:byshifts《2》把、、、从、、、移动/搬到、、、shiftfrom、、to、、、《3》他停了下来，将手杖移到左手。Hestopped,_shiftinghiswalkingsticktohislefthand.重点短语Onceandforall最终地；彻底地Aboveall最重要的是；尤其是首先（强调顺序）:firstofall总共:inall毕竟，终究:afterall到底，根本:atall一点也不，完全不:notatall这是回报时刻。我最终证明了我能成为冠军。Thisispaybacktime.I’veprovedonceandforallIcanbecomethechampion.我们上学最重要的是学会如何学习，这样，当我们离开学校时，我们就能能够继续学习。Wegotoschool,aboveall,tolearnhowtolearn,sothatwhenwehaveleftschool,wecancontinuetolearn.Thanksto幸亏；由于《1》becauseof多亏；因为；由于==dueto==onaccountof==owingto《2》多亏了那位教授，我喜欢上了英语，并且对自己有了信心。Thankstotheprofessor,IfellinlovewithEnglishhadconfidenceinmyself.Breakout(战争，打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发强行进入；插话；打断:breakin强行闯入；突然开始（笑，唱等）:breakinto分解；出故障；(计划等)失败；垮掉:breakdown突围；突破:breakthrough分解，关系的破裂:breakup战争爆发时他毫不犹豫地参了军。Hejoinedthearmywithouthesitationwhenthewarbrokeout.Inchargeof主管；掌管负责，主管（动词短语）:takechargeof::负责、主管（介词短语）:inchargeof为某物向某人收费:chargesbforsth指控某人某事:chargesbwithsth免费:freeofcharge眼下这个有强烈责任感的人负责学校的工作。Themanwhohasastrongsenseofresponsibilityisinchargeoftheschool’swork.Comedown患病；染上（小病）可归结为：（风俗，习惯）流传到:comedownto如果任何人不幸得了传染病，他应该进行隔离。Ifanyoneunluckilycomesdownwithaninfection,heshouldkeephimselfseparated.重点句式Havesthdone使某事被、、、、（可能是主语自己做，也可以是让别人做）：（主语）遭遇/经历某种不幸的事教材原句于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.句式仿写我们把机器修好了，结果我们按时完成了任务。Wehadthemachinerepaired,Asaresultwecompletedthetaskontime.Shouldhavedone(过去本应该做（而实际上未做）教材原句这个时候你本应该冷静下来，开始做一些实质性的工作。Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork.句式仿写你早就应该告诉我这个事故。Youshouldhavetoldmeabouttheaccidentsobefore.Since引导原因状语从句教材原句他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。Sincehecamedownwithadiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneofabstractthought.句式仿写我永远在减肥，因为我很容易长胖。I’mforeveronadiet,sinceIputonweighteasily.Once引导的时间状语从句教材原句《1》错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非恒态理论是正确的。Oncethemistakeswerecorrected,itshowedthattheBigBangtheory—notthesteadystatetheory–wastrue.一旦钱花光了，我们就不知道该怎么做了。Wedidn’tknowhowwewouldcopeoncethemoneyhadgone,第一单元测评第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandothiscomingweekend?A.Callonherclassmates. B.Directtraffic. C.Gohiking.2.Whereisthewomangoing?A.Tohernewflat. B.Totheshop. C.Tohercompany.3.Whendidthewomanbuyherowncar?A.Lastweek. B.Lastmonth. C.Lastyear.4.Whatdoesthewomandonow?A.Aschoolteacher. B.Atouristguide. C.Auniversitystudent.5.HowdoesJohnlook?A.Excited. B.Satisfied. C.Worried.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Whatwilltheweatherbelikethedayaftertomorrow?A.Itisrainy. B.Itissunny. C.Itiswindy.7.Whathasthemanbeendoingthesedays?A.Readingbooks. B.Playingfootball. C.Goingcycling.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8.Whatdothespeakerswanttodo?A.Goaroundthecity. B.Lookforaman. C.Findabank.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthespeakers?A.Theyliveinthiscity.B.Theyareunfamiliarwiththecity.C.Theyknowthecitywell.10.Whatdothespeakerswanttobuy?A.Abike. B.Acar. C.Amap.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardjoiningtheSpanishclub?A.Disappointed. B.Nervous. C.Excited.12.WhydidthewomanjointheSpanishclub?A.Toimprovehercollegeapplications.B.Tobeinaclubwiththeboy.C.ToprepareforhervacationinSpain.13.Whatisoneoftheactivitiesthatthemanmentions?A.VisitingSpanishschools.B.LearningSpanishcooking.C.WatchingSpanishtelevisionshows.听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。14.WheredidSamleavethedictionary?A.Athome. B.Atschool. C.Onthebus.15.WhatdoesthemanprobablythinkofSam?A.Nice. B.Careless. C.Generous.16.Whatwillthewomandointheafternoon?A.Godowntown. B.Playtabletennis. C.Buyadictionary.17.Howwillthespeakersgodowntown?A.Bycar. B.Bybus. C.Byunderground.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18.WhatdidJohnenjoydoinginhischildhood?A.TouringFrance. B.Playingoutdoors. C.Paintingpictures.19.WhatdidJohndoafterhemovedtotheUS?A.Hedidbusiness. B.Hestudiedbiology. C.Heraisedanimals.20.WhatisthesubjectofJohn’sworks?A.Americanbirds. B.Naturalscenery. C.Familylife.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A(2023·云南玉溪一中高二上学期期中)YesterdaymarkedtheofficialendofPromotionDay,butyoucanstillfindsomeprettygooddealsnow.Theseareitemsunder$50thatyoucanstillshopthisweek.·NCHCushionedRunningShoesListPrice:$75.99Price:$47.75Yousave:$28.24(37%)MadeforRunners:Withimpressivesoftnessfordailyruns,thesecushionedrunningshoesaredesignedspecificallyforthosewholovetorunonavarietyofsurfaces.FierceFootwear:Cutting-edgedesignfeatureslightweightand100%breathabletop.Boldlooksandcomfyconstructionhelpthemstandoutonboththefashionandfunctionfronts.·GKSmartWatchFitnessTrackerListPrice:$55.99Price:$43.99Yousave:$12.00(21%)AccurateOverallHealthData:Ittracksyourheartrateandbloodpressureinrealtime,meaningyoucanhaveafulloverviewofyourhearthealthovertime.FastChargingandLongStandby:Justneeds2.5hourstofillpower,10daysofstandbytime.GoeswellwithIOS9.0orhigher,Android4.4orhigher.·IUGAProNonSlipYogaMatListPrice:$69.95Price:$41.95Yousave:$28.00(40%)NoSlidingNorSlipping:Technologicallydesignedtoprovideyouwithabsolutesafetyandisalwaysinplacenomatterwhattypeofyogayoupractice.SGSCertifiedandSmell-lessMaterial:UnlikeotherPVCmats,thematerialcankeepsmellsatbaythatyourmatwillbealwaysasfreshasthedayyouboughtit.·LHSPour-OverCoffeeMakerListPrice:$30.99Price:$23.99Yousave:$7.00(23%)BPA-FreeGlass:Thiscoffeemakerunlocksthefullpotentialofcoffeefromtheglassthat’sheat-resistantandperfectformodernkitchens.Paperless,StainlessSteelFilter(过滤器):Nopaperfiltersneeded!Filtersarereusable,stainlesssteelwhichisnoteasytogetrustorblocked.21.Asfaraspercentageisconcerned,whichitemsavesthemost?A.NCHCushionedRunningShoes. B.IUGAProNonSlipYogaMat.C.GKSmartWatchFitnessTracker. D.LHSPour-OverCoffeeMaker.22.WhatisthefeatureofGKSmartWatchFitnessTracker?A.Itfeatureslightweightandbreathabletop.B.Italwaysstaysinplaceandkeepssecure.C.Itownsareusableandstainlesssteelfilter.D.Itworkswhenitcomestorecordingtheuser’shealthdata.23.Whereisthistextprobablyfrom?A.Amagazine. B.Abookreview.C.Ashoppingguide. D.Atouristbrochure.B(2023·北京第四十四中学高二上学期期中)WillGladstoneremembersfirstlearningabouttheblue-footedbooby(蓝脚鲣鸟)inhisfifthgradescienceclass.TheyareasymboloftheGalapagosIslands.Theblue-footedboobypopulationintheGalapagoshasfallentoathirdofitssizesincethe1960s.ThisfactstayedwithWill,whogrewupbird-watchingwithhisdadaroundtheirhometown.WillhadneverbeentotheGalapagos,norseenablue-footedboobyinperson,butdecidedhewantedtohelpprotectthem.Afewdayslater,hecameupwithaplan:Hecouldsellbluesocks,thesamecolourasthebird’sfeet,toraisemoneyforprotectionefforts.WillsetuphisonlinesiteTheBlueFeetFoundationinMarch2016.ThewebsitewasupforthreemonthsbeforeWillandhisyoungerbrotherMatthewsoldtheirfirstpairofsocks.“Wereachedouttoalotofpeopleandtheywouldn’ttakeusseriously...becausewewerejustkids.”Butbeing“justkids”comeswithitsownstrengths.TheymadeanInstagramaccountforthefoundationandstarteddirect-messagingstars.Willsaysoneoftheirbiggestsupportersishislong-timefavouritehockeyplayer,KevanMiller.Theyhavesoldabout10,000pairsofsockstocustomersin46countries,raisingabout$90,000aftercosts.AllprofitsgototheGalapagosConservancyandtheCharlesDarwinFoundation,tworesearchandprotectionorganizationsbasedintheGalapagosIslands.Will’sandMatthew’seffortsarealreadyhavingabeneficialeffect.Theirmoneywasusedforablue-footedboobypopulationsurveyin2017byateamof10researchers.Theresearchersreportthattheydidseemanymorebabybirdsthanintheirpreviousstudyin2012.Threeyearsafterformingthefoundation,WillgottovisittheGalapagosonaweek-longschooltrip.AndWillfinallygottoseeablue-footedboobyinperson.“IwascrazilylookingaroundandwhenIsawone,itwasreallycool,”Willsaid.Thebrothershavewonseveralawardsfortheirwork.Buttheysaythebiggestawardthey’vegotisperseverance.24.WhatinspiredWilltoprotecttheblue-footedbooby?A.Thedropofthebirds’number. B.HistriptoGalapagosIslands.C.Hisexperienceofbird-watching. D.Thesymbolicmeaningofthebird.25.WhatdidWillandMatthewdowhilepeopledidn’ttakethemseriously?A.TheystartedTheBlueFeetFoundation.B.Theyaskedprotectionorganizationsforhelp.C.Theyreachedouttotheirclassmatesandotherkids.D.Theyopenedanaccountandcontactedfamouspeople.26.WhatwasthemoneyWillandMatthewraisedusedfor?A.Takingcareofmorebabybirds. B.Doingscientificresearchonthebirds.C.Attractingpeopletowatchthebirds. D.Awardingpeoplewhoprotectthebirds.27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeWill?A.Humorous. B.Generous. C.Determined. D.Creative.CSeveralyearsago,whensomeoneusedcameracoverstoprotectagainstpossiblemonitoring,itwasnotpopulartotalkaboutit.Today,peopleusevarioustypesoftapestocoverthewebcamerasandmicrophones.Therearemanytypesofspywarethatcandiveintoourdevicesandsecretlyspyonthem,recordingeverythingtheydo.Suchprogramsmayinfectnotonlycomputersbutalsosmartphones.YourdatamaybeusedbyhackerswhowilltrytorequestmoneyfornotexposingyourprivateinformationorbycompanieslikeNSOGroupwhocreatedthePegasusspywareto“provideauthorizedgovernmentswithtechnologythathelpsfightagainstterrorandcrime”.Inmyopinion,thedescribedprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated.Userstapecamerasandmicrophonesduetothelackofunderstandingofhowtheirdevicesworkandhowmalware(恶意软件)works.Hackersandevensecretservicesdonothaveenoughresourcestomonitorallvictimsusingcamerasormicrophones.Iftheyneedtogetanyinformation,theygetitbysendingatargetedmalwaretoyourdevice,whichwillnotbestoppedbythetapes.Suchaviruswillfindwhattosteal—frompersonalphotosandvideostopasswordsfromsocialnetworks,browserhistory,bankaccountsandmuchmore.Itisunwisetobelievethatattackerswillnotbeabletofindawaytospyonyou,evenifthedevice,dischargedtozero,canstilldeliverdataaboutyourlocation,usingthesmartphonesofthesurroundingpeopleassignalrepeaters.Letusfaceit:weliveinanerawhenitisextremelydifficulttohidesomethingandapieceoftapeisclearlynotthemostusefultoolinthestruggleforyourprivacy.Again,tobeabletospyonyou,attackersneedtoplantmalwareinyourdevice.Topreventmalwarefromenteringyourdevice,donotclicksuspectedlinksandemailattachments.Usestrongpasswordsforemail,socialmediaandonlinebankingaccounts.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph2referto?A.Cameras. B.Types. C.Programs. D.Devices.29.WhatisNSOGroup?A.Agroupofhackers. B.Acompanydevelopingspyware.C.Agroupofterroristsandcriminals. D.Acompanyfightingagainstcrime.30.Whydoestheauthorthink“thedescribedprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated”?A.Peopleknowlittleabouttheirdevices. B.Hackershavenoaccesstoothers.C.Ithardlypreventsmalwarefromgettingprivacy. D.Itcan’tcoverthecamerascompletely.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Protectingprivacyondevices. B.Risingtrendofusingtapes.C.Monitoringdevicesviacameras. D.Avoidingclickingdistrustfullinks.D(2023·辽宁省名校联盟高二上学期联考)Thelossofhousingduetofloodsisanundeniableissue.Butnow,JapanesehousingdeveloperIchijoKomutenrecentlyunveileda“flood-resistanthouse”thatcannotonlyremainwaterproofduringfloods,butalsofloatofftheground.Theirnew“flood-resistanthouse”recentlyappearedonapopularJapaneseTVshowandithasbeengettingalotofattentiononlineeversince.Japan’sTBSTVstationrecentlyvisitedoneofIchijo’stestsiteswherethecompany’snewflood-resistanthousewasbeingputthroughasimulatedflood.Althoughitlookedjustlikeanordinaryhousewhenthetestbegan,bythetimethatwaterstartedrisingaroundit,viewerscouldseethestructureleavethegroundandeventuallyfloatafewinchesaboveit.We’veallseenfloatinghousesbeingsweptawayinseverefloods,butIchijo’snewestinventionfeaturesasystemthatpreventsjustthat.Thehouseisconnectedtoanumberofthickironrodstickingoutofthegroundwiththickcablesthatensureitstaysinplaceasthewaterfloodspast.Whenthewaterrecedes,thefloatinghousecomesbackdowninitsoriginalposition.The“flood-resistanthouse”alsofeaturesspecialvents(通风口)thatcloseupintheeventofflooding,andtheplumbing(管道)alsohasspecialvalves(阀)thatpreventwaterfromgettingintothehome.Electricalequipmentlikeairconditioningispositionedontheupperhalfofthebuildingtoensurethatwaterdoesn’treachit.AccordingtotheengineersinIchijoKomuten’scompany,mosthomesfloodwhenwaterreachesthewindowlevel,butbecausetheirflood-resistanthousecanfloatuptofivemetresaboveground,waterisunlikelytoreachthewindowsandeverythingelseissealedshut.32.WhydoesIchijoKomutendevelopthe“flood-resistanthouse”?A.Tomakehouseswaterproof. B.Togethousesofftheground.C.Tokeephousesforeverfloating. D.Tosecurehousesagainstfloods.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Housesthroughouttheworldareindangerofbeingflooded.B.ElectricalequipmentwillbesafeinIchijoKomuten’sflood-resistanthouse.C.ThickironrodsandcableswereinventedbyIchijoKomuten.D.IchijoKomuten’sflood-resistanthouseshavebeenputintomarketsuccessfully.34.WhatistheattitudeofIchijoKomuten’sengineerstowardtheirnewestinvention?A.Positive. B.Doubtful.C.Unclear. D.Critical.35.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toassesstheconsequencesoffloods.B.Tostressthenecessityofawaterproofhouse.C.Toprovideguidanceonfloodcontrol.D.Tointroduceanewinventionanditsfunctions.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoSucceedinScienceTosucceedinscience,youneedalotmorethanluck.Inmyview,youhavetocombineintelligencewithawillingnessnottofollowconventionswhentheyblockyourforwardpath.Thus,thesehavecometobemyrulesforsuccess.36

Thatmightsoundproud,butthefactisthatyoumustalwaysturntopeoplewhoarebrighterthanyou.It’slikeplayinganygame.Evenasachild,IneverwantedtoplaygameswithanyonewhowasasbadasIwas.Ifyouwin,itgivesyounopleasure.Andinthegameofscienceorlife,thehighestgoalisn’tsimplytowin;it’stowinatsomethingreallydifficult.37

Takerisks.Tomakeahugesuccess,ascientisthastobepreparedtogetintodeeptrouble.Ifyouaregoingtomakeahugejumpinscience,youwillverylikelybeunqualifiedtosucceedbydefinition.38Thiscanbemorethanpersonallyupsetting.

Neverdoanythingthatboresyou.Myexperienceinscienceisthatsomeoneisalwaystellingyoutodothings,andthenleavesyoualone.I’mnotgoodenoughtodowellinsomethingIdislike.39

It’sveryhardtosucceedifyoudon’twanttobewithotherscientists,becauseyouhavetogotokeymeetingswhereyouspotkeyfactsthatwouldhaveescapedyou.Andyouhavetochatwithyourcompetitors,evenifyoufindthemobjectionable.Somyfinalruleis:40

A.Meetchallengeswithgreatcourage.B.Ifyoucan’tstandbeingwithyourrealpeers,getoutofscience.C.Putitanotherway,it’stogosomewherebeyondyourabilityandcomeoutontop.D.Makesureyoualwayshavesomeonetosaveyoufromadeepmess.E.Avoidfoolishpeople.F.Infact,IfindithardtodowellinsomethingIlike.G.Besides,youevenhavetobepreparedtodisbelieveyourscientificheroes.第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2023·广东深圳新安中学高二上学期期中)Afterneighboursgatheredtogethertosavethelifeofanunidentifiedmanearlierthismonth,heusedasigntothankeveryoneforcomingtohisrescue.AlphonsoandDeborahWilliamsweresurprisedbythesoundofacar41ontheirstreetastheywerewatchingtelevisionathome.Astheyrantotheirdoorto42thesoundofthenoise,theyfoundanunconsciousmansittingbesidethewheelofacrashedcar.Asmorepeoplejoinedthematthe43ofthecrash,hestopped44andstartedturningblue.

Aftertheydialled911,theneighboursthentook45performingCPR(心肺复苏)onthemanwhileDeborahbroughtthem46topreventtheheat.Anambulance47arrivedandtookthemantothehospital.Fearingtheworst,sheandtheothergoodSamaritans(乐善好施的人)worriedthatthemanwasn’tgoingto48.“Everybodywasoutthere,wewereall49,”shesaid.

Oneweekaftertheincident50,asignappearedintheneighbourhood.Itread:“GoodSamaritansofPotomacAve—yousavedmylife!Yourquick,immediate,steadyCPRactionsavedme.Forevergrateful,Joe.”

Police51toidentifyJoeaftertheaccident,butthe52saythattheyaresimplyhappytoknowthattheincidenthadahappy53—andthey’regratefultoknowthattheyliveinacommunitywherepeoplearereadyto54atamoment’snotice.

AlphonsotoldThePost:“Whenthere’sanaccident,theywillalwayspull55.”

41.A.crash B.race C.exhibition D.fair42.A.hear B.produce C.investigate D.stop43.A.edge B.scene C.thought D.expense44.A.crying B.driving C.waving D.breathing45.A.trouble B.pains C.turns D.charge46.A.water B.food C.oil D.medicine47.A.suddenly B.slowly C.definitely D.eventually48.A.return B.survive C.escape D.admit49.A.concerned B.satisfied C.desperate D.curious50.A.tookplace B.remained C.lasted D.began51.A.offered B.tried C.decided D.declined52.A.doctors B.police C.neighbours D.witnesses53.A.title B.ending C.development D.clue54.A.know B.comfort C.help D.pay55.A.together B.up C.off D.over第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2023·河南南阳六校高二上学期月考)Nowadays,withthegrowing56.(popular)ofsmartphonesandcomputers,anincreasingnumberofstudentsarechoosingtolearnEnglishbeyondtheclassroomin57.(vary)ways.

Itcaneasilybeseen58.thepercentageofstudentswhochooselisteningtoEnglish59.(song)andwatchingEnglishmoviesisrespectively65%and50%.However,thosechoosingreadingEnglishbooksandvisitingEnglishlearningwebsitesonlyaccount60.18%and12%.

AsfarasI’m61.(concern),itisadisturbingtrend.Forstudents,whatismostbeneficialtotheirstudyisreadingEnglishbooks62.(constant).Becauseoftheirlackofself-discipline,they’remoreeasily63.(addict)tochattingonlineorplayinggames.64.isurgentforstudentsthemselvestoimprovetheirself-discipline,andit’salsourgentforparentsandteachersto65.(strength)theguidance.

第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)(2023·山东济南章丘区高二上学期期中)假定你是校英文报编辑,你校最近举办的科技创新设计比赛圆满结束。请你用英语写一篇报道,内容包括:1.活动简介;2.活动影响。注意:1.词数80左右;2.请在相应位置作答。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(满分25分)(2023·江苏苏州吴江汾湖高级中学高二上学期月考)阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Theaveragepresentmerelysatisfiesatemporarydesire;thegreatonebecomesmorepreciouswithtimegoingby.WhenIwasaboyoffourteen,Ineededtohave80hoursofcommunityserviceperyearandIusedtotakecareofMrsLong’sgarden.Asajuniorhighschoolstudent,Idevotedmyselftoit,sweepingthefallenleavesandmowingthelawn(修剪草坪).ThereIlearnthowtocutawaydrybranchesandevenhelpedtoplantasapling(小树苗).TiredasIwaseverytimeIfinishedmywork,Ididenjoythetimethereforlearningsomethingnew.IclearlyrememberedthatMrsLong,aniceandcaringelder,alwaystreatedmetodeliciousmealsanddrinks.Shealsolovedtakingphotos,alwayswithanoldcamerainhand.Itwassaidthatthecamerawaspasseddownfromherfatherandshecherisheditalot.SeveraldaysbeforeChristmas,shewhisperedtome,“WhenChristmascomes,Ishallhaveapresentforyou.”Ispentmuchtimewonderingwhatitwouldbe.TheboysIplayedwithhadbaseballgloves,iceskatesandbicycles,andIwassoeagertoacquireanyoneofthesethatIconvincedmyselfthatsheintendedtochoosefromamongthem.Butatthesametime,Ihadsomedoubtswhethershewouldbuymesuchthingsbecauseshewasnotthatwell-off.ThedaybeforeChristmas,Iwentthereasbefore.Withtheworkdone,Iwasgoingtoleavewhenshepulledmeaside.“Kid,waitforaminute,”shesaid,leadingmeintoherlivingroom.Sheseatedmeonachair,wenttoanotherroom,andinamomentstoodbeforemeholdingasmallpackagethatundernocircumstancescouldholdabicycleorapairofskatesorevenabaseballglove.Itweighedalmostnothing.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式作答。Itookthepackagewithdisappointment.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Openingthepackage,Iwastotallyastonished.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第一单元测评1.B2.B3.C4.A5.C6.A7.A8.A9.B10.C11.C12.A13.B14.C15.B16.B17.C18.C19.A20.A【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了促销日过后的几件廉价商品。21.B细节理解题。根据NCHCushionedRunningShoes部分中的“Yousave:$28.24(37%)”、GKSmartWatchFitnessTracker部分中的“Yousave:$12.00(21%)”、IUGAProNonSlipYogaMat部分中的“Yousave:$28.00(40%)”及LHSPour-OverCoffeeMaker部分中的“Yousave:$7.00(23%)”可知,IUGAPro防滑瑜伽垫节省的比例最高。故选B项。22.D细节理解题。根据GKSmartWatchFitnessTracker部分中的第二段内容可知,GK智能手表健身跟踪器可以用来记录使用者的健康数据。故选D项。23.C推理判断题。文章主要介绍了促销日过后的几件廉价商品,所以最有可能来自购物指南。故选C项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述一个名叫WillGladstone的孩子保护加拉帕戈斯群岛的蓝脚鲣鸟的故事。24.A细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,加拉帕戈斯群岛的蓝脚鲣鸟的数量减少这件事让Will决定帮助它们。故选A项。25.D细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二、三句可知,Will和Matthew注册了一个基金会账号并联系明星来帮助他们。故选D项。26.B细节理解题。根据第五段