高中英语选择性必修二Unit 1 课文挖空

1/4(1)JOHNSNOWDEFEATS"KINGCHOLERA"Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,_1_________aBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,he_2_____(rise)tobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattended_3_______QueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesire_4_____________(destroy)choleraonceandforall.Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfection_5______germsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribed_6______thesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwas_7________severethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindout_8_________.Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaces_9_____________allthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40)._10_____________,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewater_11_________thepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehadit_12_____________(deliver)toherhouseeveryday.Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms._13_____________(according),hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpump_14_____________(infect)bywaste.Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuch_15_____________(likely)togetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.ThroughSnow's_16_____________(tire)efforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit._17_____________(fortunate),wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snow_18_____________(consider)thefatherofmodernepidemiology.(2)THEFATHEROFCHINA'SAEROSPACEPerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpact_1_________China'saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.DescribedbytheauthorsoftheStoryofQianXuesenasamanwith"greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit"whowaspatrioticandservedhishomelandwitheffort,achievement,anddevotion,Qianwasan_2_____________(extreme)well-respectedman.BorninHangzhouin1911,QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering._3_____________,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932,QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.QianwenttotheUnitedStatesin1935topursuehisgraduatestudies.Overthecourseofthe1930sand1940s,QianbecameapioneerinAmericanjetandrockettechnology._4______agraduateassistantattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyduringthe1930s,Qianhelpedconductimportantresearchintorocketpropulsion,andinthe1940s,heandseveralotherpeople_5_____________(found)theJetPropulsionLaboratory,nowoneofNASA'sleadingspace-explorationcentres.AfterovercomingsomedifficultiesduringhisfinalfewyearsintheUS,QianreturnedtoChinain1955.Hereceivedahero'swelcomefromhishomelandandwasput_6_______chargeofnotonlydevelopingChina'srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.Atthattime,Chinawaspooranditsrocketsciencewasundeveloped.NoinstituteoruniversityinChina_7_____________(offer)rocketscienceasamajor,andtherewerenotalentsorexpertsinthisfieldinChina.Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.When_8_____________(ask)"CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?",hisreplywasa_9_____________(determine)"Whynot?WeChineseareabletomakethesamethingsthatotherpeoplemake."UnderQian'sleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,_10_____________(follow)bythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.In1970,Chinasuccessfullylauncheditsfirstman-madesatellite,DongFangHongI,fromaLongMarchrocket.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourocketscanalso_11_____________(trace)backtoQian'sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof"thefatherofChina'saerospace".Qianreadalotandwasextremely_12_____________(knowledge),especiallyintheareaoffrontierscienceresearch.However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterest_13_________otherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.Hisdeepappreciation_14_________artoftengavehim_15_____________(inspire)inhisscientificresearch.On31October2009,thewholecountry_16_____________(sadden)byQian'sdeath,andpeoplehonouredandrememberedhimindifferentways.(3)AWORLDOFPURETHOUGHTStephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousand_1_____________(gift)scientistsinphysics.Mostpeoplearefamiliarwithimagesofhiminhiswheelchair,unabletomoveand_2_____________(use)acomputertotalk.Sincehecamedown_3__________adiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneofabstractthought.Hawkingfirstachievedfamewhenhewasstillhealthyenoughtowalk,asagraduatestudentinphysicsatCambridgeUniversityin1964.Ingeneral,thereweretwomaintheories_4________theoriginoftheuniverse.Thefirstwasthesteadystatetheory,whichholdsthattheuniversehasnobeginningorend.Theotherwasthebigbangtheory,_5__________holdsthattheuniversebeganatasinglepointintimeandspace.ThebiggestchampionofthesteadystateconceptwasFredHoyle,aprofessoratCambridge.DuringthequestionandanswerperiodafteroneofHoyle's_6_____________(lecture),HawkingstoodupandpointedoutthatHoylehadmadeamistakeinhismaths.Oncethemathswascorrected,itshowedthatthebigbangtheoryandnotthesteadystatetheorywastrue.Hawking'sownworkonthebigbangtheorywassoonprovenbyastronomerswithtelescopes.Astarwasborn.So,whatmadeStephenHawkingagenius?Besidesbeingbrilliant,hewasbrave,thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay,andtodreamof_7_____________otherswereafraidtodreamabout.Furthermore,hewasquitedetermined.Thishadhelpedhimasascientist,andhadhelpedhimevenmoreinhisfight_8__________hisdisease.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.Thisodd_9_____________(combine)ofcharacteristicshadmadehimoneofthegreatestthinkersofthe20thand21stcenturies.(4)AIANDHUMANBEINGSIsitpossibletomakemachinesthinklikehumans?ThisisonequestioninresearchinthefieldofArtificialIntelligence,or"Al".Tothinklikeahuman,itinvolvesfeelings,morality,hopes,anddreams.Humansarecapable_1________makingdecisionsbythemselveswithoutinputfromothers,andtheycanlearnfromexperience.Inaddition,humansareabletocreatethingsfromtheirowninspirationfortheirownpleasure.Thequestionis_2____________machinescaneverreallythinkinalltheseaspects.Theideaofacomputerthatisall-powerfulandcanthinkandmakedecisionsfor_3_______(it)terrifiesmanypeople.Insomefilms,Alevendecidesthatallhumansmustbekilled.ManypeoplearealsoconcernedthatAlwillbeusedtoreplacehumans.YetothersarecomfortedbythethoughtofAl.MaybewithAl,robotscanbemadetoreplacelovedoneswho_4_____________(die).Today,thecreationofanall-powerfulcomputercapableofhumanthoughtisstillinprogress.Wehavecompanionrobots,anditislikelythattheywillgrowmoreimportantinourlivesastime_5_____________(go)by.However,theneedforsuchrobotsdoesnotseemtobeascriticalasourneedforintelligentmachinesthatcansolveproblemsbylearningfromtheirobservationsandexperience.Forexample,AlisalreadybeingusedwithgreatsuccessinInternetsearchenginesand_6_______apersonalassistantinoursmartphones.Itlearnsfromourhabitstohelpusfindwhatwewantandlike.Alisalsousedtodiagnoseproblemsandsuggestsolutions.ResearchersarealsoexperimentingwiththeuseofAlin_7_____________(driver)carswhichcansensetheirsurroundingsanddecide_8_______thebestwaytoreachadestination.Itisalsobeingusedineducation,particularlyinonlinecourses.Furthermore,industriesthatuserobotsforrepetitiveordangerousworkoftenturntoAltomanagetheseelectronicworkers.Inaddition,virtualassistantsarealsobeingusedinsomehomestoday.Inthenearfuture,_9________islikelythatAlwillbeusedtomanagesmarthomesandhandleanevengreater_10_________(various)oftaskssuchassettingoutfavouriteclothesandhelpinguswithourpersonalgrooming.TheAloftodayhasalreadyprovenitssuperioritytohumansinmanyareas.Doyouthinkthatwecancreatearobotthatthinkslikeahumanoronethatiseven_11_____________(intelligent)?Ifso,isthere_12_____________(true)adifferencebetweenAlandahuman?(5)DAVINCI'SWORLDEveryoneisquietastheyenterthenarrowroom.Thecrowdignoresthemanybeautifulpaintingsonthewallsandpushestotheroom'sfarend.There,theygaze_1_______asinglesmallpaintingofasmilingwoman.Somanypeoplehavecrowdedintohavealookatthepaintingthatmostcanonlygetaquicklookatit.Thenthey_2_____________(force)tomoveon.ThispaintingistheMonaLisacreatedintheearly16thcenturybytheItalianpainterLeonardodaVinci.Itwaskeptawayfromthepublicuntil1797,3_______itwasputondisplayattheLouvreMuseuminParis.Artcriticsonlyfirstbegantonoticethepaintinginthe1850s.Then,in1911,thepaintingwasstolen.Bythetimethepaintingwasfinallyrecoveredin1914,it_4___________(become)aninternationalsensation.Manyagreedthatitwasoneofthegreatestpaintingsevermade,byoneoftheworld'sgreatestpainters.Evenasayoungboy,daVincishowedpromiseasanartist.Whenhewasfourteenyearsold,hewassenttolearnartinFlorence,Italy.Hetrainedforsevenyears,andthen_5_________(strike)outonhisown,workingforwealthymenthroughoutItaly,andlaterforthekingofFrance.EventhoughLeonardobeganhiscareerasapainter,hemostoftenworkedasanengineer.Onereasonwasthathepaintedveryslowly,andsometimesdidnotevenfinishhiswork.AnotherreasonwasthatItalywasatwar,andpeopleneededengineerstohelpbuildcitydefencesmorethantheyneededartists._6__________,eventhoughdaVinciworkedasanengineer,hestillfoundtimetopaint,creatingsomeofhisgreatestartworksduringthisperiod.AfterdaVinci'sdeath,_7_____wasdiscoveredthathehadkeptmanynotebooksdescribingandillustratinghiswork,hisinventions,andhisscientificresearch.WhilehisnotebookswerecollectedandprizedbythekingsofEurope,noneof_8___________werepublisheduntilthelate19thcentury.Untilthen,fewpeoplehadhadanyidea_9___________theycontained._10_____itturnedout,hisnotebooksareanamazingtreasureboxofdrawingsofpeople,animals,plants,andfantasticinventions,suchasairplanes,tanks,robots,anddivingequipment.Then,thereareaccuratestudiesofthehumanbody,_11_____________(show)bonesandmuscleswithsuchdetailthatwouldnotbeseenelsewhereforfourhundredyears.Alongwiththesedrawingsarenotesdescribinghiswork._12_____________(odd),manyofthesenotesarewrittenbackwards:Youhavetoholdthemuptothemirrorinordertoreadthem.Manyofthesenotesarescientificinnature,_13_____________(involve)hisresearchinmanydifferentfields.Hisnotebooksshowthathewasnotonlythegreatestartistofhistime,butthegreatestscientistaswell.Thisraisesthequestion:WhatwasmoreimportanttodaVinci,scienceorart?DaVincioncesaid,"Practicemustalways_14_____________(found)onsoundtheory...Thepainterwhodrawsmerelybypracticeandbyeye,withoutanyreason,islikeamirrorwhichcopieseverythingplacedinfrontofitbutdoesnotknowthosethingsexist."Here,"reason"meansanunderstandingofwhatisbeingpainted.IndaVinci'smind,beforehecouldpaintsomething,hehadtoexamineit,takeitapart,andevensee_15_______itworked.Thus,hisscientificresearchservedhisart.Yet,thisistoosimpleofapictureoftheman.DaVinciwasalwaysfullof_16_____________(excite)toexplore,todiscover,andtocreate.Hesawnodivisionbetweenart,invention,andscience-theywereallapartofhiswonderfulnewworldofdiscovery.Thus,someofdaVinci'spaintingswerereallyscienceexperiments,inthattheyusednewchemicalsandprocessesfromhisresearch.Atthesametime,hisscientificdrawingsareconsideredbeautifulpiecesofartintheirownright,_17_________manyofthemwerecreatedtohelphimunderstandwhathewaspainting.DaVinci'sdesiretocreateandhisinterestintheworldaroundhimdrovebothhisartandhisscience.Sowhatcanwelearnfromthis?Fewofuswilleverbe_18________giftedandintelligentasdaVinci.Yet,allofuscanlearnfromhisspirit.Wecanproducethingsofbeauty,createnewinventions,andincreaseourscientificknowledge.Furthermore,wecanbecreativeinsolvingdifficultproblems._19___________noneofusmayeverbeabletopaintsomethingasbeautifulastheMonaLisa,wecanalldooursmallparttomaketheworldabetterplace第一单元测评第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandothiscomingweekend?A.Callonherclassmates. B.Directtraffic. C.Gohiking.2.Whereisthewomangoing?A.Tohernewflat. B.Totheshop. C.Tohercompany.3.Whendidthewomanbuyherowncar?A.Lastweek. B.Lastmonth. C.Lastyear.4.Whatdoesthewomandonow?A.Aschoolteacher. B.Atouristguide. C.Auniversitystudent.5.HowdoesJohnlook?A.Excited. B.Satisfied. C.Worried.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Whatwilltheweatherbelikethedayaftertomorrow?A.Itisrainy. B.Itissunny. C.Itiswindy.7.Whathasthemanbeendoingthesedays?A.Readingbooks. B.Playingfootball. C.Goingcycling.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8.Whatdothespeakerswanttodo?A.Goaroundthecity. B.Lookforaman. C.Findabank.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthespeakers?A.Theyliveinthiscity.B.Theyareunfamiliarwiththecity.C.Theyknowthecitywell.10.Whatdothespeakerswanttobuy?A.Abike. B.Acar. C.Amap.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardjoiningtheSpanishclub?A.Disappointed. B.Nervous. C.Excited.12.WhydidthewomanjointheSpanishclub?A.Toimprovehercollegeapplications.B.Tobeinaclubwiththeboy.C.ToprepareforhervacationinSpain.13.Whatisoneoftheactivitiesthatthemanmentions?A.VisitingSpanishschools.B.LearningSpanishcooking.C.WatchingSpanishtelevisionshows.听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。14.WheredidSamleavethedictionary?A.Athome. B.Atschool. C.Onthebus.15.WhatdoesthemanprobablythinkofSam?A.Nice. B.Careless. C.Generous.16.Whatwillthewomandointheafternoon?A.Godowntown. B.Playtabletennis. C.Buyadictionary.17.Howwillthespeakersgodowntown?A.Bycar. B.Bybus. C.Byunderground.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18.WhatdidJohnenjoydoinginhischildhood?A.TouringFrance. B.Playingoutdoors. C.Paintingpictures.19.WhatdidJohndoafterhemovedtotheUS?A.Hedidbusiness. B.Hestudiedbiology. C.Heraisedanimals.20.WhatisthesubjectofJohn’sworks?A.Americanbirds. B.Naturalscenery. C.Familylife.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A(2023·云南玉溪一中高二上学期期中)YesterdaymarkedtheofficialendofPromotionDay,butyoucanstillfindsomeprettygooddealsnow.Theseareitemsunder$50thatyoucanstillshopthisweek.·NCHCushionedRunningShoesListPrice:$75.99Price:$47.75Yousave:$28.24(37%)MadeforRunners:Withimpressivesoftnessfordailyruns,thesecushionedrunningshoesaredesignedspecificallyforthosewholovetorunonavarietyofsurfaces.FierceFootwear:Cutting-edgedesignfeatureslightweightand100%breathabletop.Boldlooksandcomfyconstructionhelpthemstandoutonboththefashionandfunctionfronts.·GKSmartWatchFitnessTrackerListPrice:$55.99Price:$43.99Yousave:$12.00(21%)AccurateOverallHealthData:Ittracksyourheartrateandbloodpressureinrealtime,meaningyoucanhaveafulloverviewofyourhearthealthovertime.FastChargingandLongStandby:Justneeds2.5hourstofillpower,10daysofstandbytime.GoeswellwithIOS9.0orhigher,Android4.4orhigher.·IUGAProNonSlipYogaMatListPrice:$69.95Price:$41.95Yousave:$28.00(40%)NoSlidingNorSlipping:Technologicallydesignedtoprovideyouwithabsolutesafetyandisalwaysinplacenomatterwhattypeofyogayoupractice.SGSCertifiedandSmell-lessMaterial:UnlikeotherPVCmats,thematerialcankeepsmellsatbaythatyourmatwillbealwaysasfreshasthedayyouboughtit.·LHSPour-OverCoffeeMakerListPrice:$30.99Price:$23.99Yousave:$7.00(23%)BPA-FreeGlass:Thiscoffeemakerunlocksthefullpotentialofcoffeefromtheglassthat’sheat-resistantandperfectformodernkitchens.Paperless,StainlessSteelFilter(过滤器):Nopaperfiltersneeded!Filtersarereusable,stainlesssteelwhichisnoteasytogetrustorblocked.21.Asfaraspercentageisconcerned,whichitemsavesthemost?A.NCHCushionedRunningShoes. B.IUGAProNonSlipYogaMat.C.GKSmartWatchFitnessTracker. D.LHSPour-OverCoffeeMaker.22.WhatisthefeatureofGKSmartWatchFitnessTracker?A.Itfeatureslightweightandbreathabletop.B.Italwaysstaysinplaceandkeepssecure.C.Itownsareusableandstainlesssteelfilter.D.Itworkswhenitcomestorecordingtheuser’shealthdata.23.Whereisthistextprobablyfrom?A.Amagazine. B.Abookreview.C.Ashoppingguide. D.Atouristbrochure.B(2023·北京第四十四中学高二上学期期中)WillGladstoneremembersfirstlearningabouttheblue-footedbooby(蓝脚鲣鸟)inhisfifthgradescienceclass.TheyareasymboloftheGalapagosIslands.Theblue-footedboobypopulationintheGalapagoshasfallentoathirdofitssizesincethe1960s.ThisfactstayedwithWill,whogrewupbird-watchingwithhisdadaroundtheirhometown.WillhadneverbeentotheGalapagos,norseenablue-footedboobyinperson,butdecidedhewantedtohelpprotectthem.Afewdayslater,hecameupwithaplan:Hecouldsellbluesocks,thesamecolourasthebird’sfeet,toraisemoneyforprotectionefforts.WillsetuphisonlinesiteTheBlueFeetFoundationinMarch2016.ThewebsitewasupforthreemonthsbeforeWillandhisyoungerbrotherMatthewsoldtheirfirstpairofsocks.“Wereachedouttoalotofpeopleandtheywouldn’ttakeusseriously...becausewewerejustkids.”Butbeing“justkids”comeswithitsownstrengths.TheymadeanInstagramaccountforthefoundationandstarteddirect-messagingstars.Willsaysoneoftheirbiggestsupportersishislong-timefavouritehockeyplayer,KevanMiller.Theyhavesoldabout10,000pairsofsockstocustomersin46countries,raisingabout$90,000aftercosts.AllprofitsgototheGalapagosConservancyandtheCharlesDarwinFoundation,tworesearchandprotectionorganizationsbasedintheGalapagosIslands.Will’sandMatthew’seffortsarealreadyhavingabeneficialeffect.Theirmoneywasusedforablue-footedboobypopulationsurveyin2017byateamof10researchers.Theresearchersreportthattheydidseemanymorebabybirdsthanintheirpreviousstudyin2012.Threeyearsafterformingthefoundation,WillgottovisittheGalapagosonaweek-longschooltrip.AndWillfinallygottoseeablue-footedboobyinperson.“IwascrazilylookingaroundandwhenIsawone,itwasreallycool,”Willsaid.Thebrothershavewonseveralawardsfortheirwork.Buttheysaythebiggestawardthey’vegotisperseverance.24.WhatinspiredWilltoprotecttheblue-footedbooby?A.Thedropofthebirds’number. B.HistriptoGalapagosIslands.C.Hisexperienceofbird-watching. D.Thesymbolicmeaningofthebird.25.WhatdidWillandMatthewdowhilepeopledidn’ttakethemseriously?A.TheystartedTheBlueFeetFoundation.B.Theyaskedprotectionorganizationsforhelp.C.Theyreachedouttotheirclassmatesandotherkids.D.Theyopenedanaccountandcontactedfamouspeople.26.WhatwasthemoneyWillandMatthewraisedusedfor?A.Takingcareofmorebabybirds. B.Doingscientificresearchonthebirds.C.Attractingpeopletowatchthebirds. D.Awardingpeoplewhoprotectthebirds.27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeWill?A.Humorous. B.Generous. C.Determined. D.Creative.CSeveralyearsago,whensomeoneusedcameracoverstoprotectagainstpossiblemonitoring,itwasnotpopulartotalkaboutit.Today,peopleusevarioustypesoftapestocoverthewebcamerasandmicrophones.Therearemanytypesofspywarethatcandiveintoourdevicesandsecretlyspyonthem,recordingeverythingtheydo.Suchprogramsmayinfectnotonlycomputersbutalsosmartphones.YourdatamaybeusedbyhackerswhowilltrytorequestmoneyfornotexposingyourprivateinformationorbycompanieslikeNSOGroupwhocreatedthePegasusspywareto“provideauthorizedgovernmentswithtechnologythathelpsfightagainstterrorandcrime”.Inmyopinion,thedescribedprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated.Userstapecamerasandmicrophonesduetothelackofunderstandingofhowtheirdevicesworkandhowmalware(恶意软件)works.Hackersandevensecretservicesdonothaveenoughresourcestomonitorallvictimsusingcamerasormicrophones.Iftheyneedtogetanyinformation,theygetitbysendingatargetedmalwaretoyourdevice,whichwillnotbestoppedbythetapes.Suchaviruswillfindwhattosteal—frompersonalphotosandvideostopasswordsfromsocialnetworks,browserhistory,bankaccountsandmuchmore.Itisunwisetobelievethatattackerswillnotbeabletofindawaytospyonyou,evenifthedevice,dischargedtozero,canstilldeliverdataaboutyourlocation,usingthesmartphonesofthesurroundingpeopleassignalrepeaters.Letusfaceit:weliveinanerawhenitisextremelydifficulttohidesomethingandapieceoftapeisclearlynotthemostusefultoolinthestruggleforyourprivacy.Again,tobeabletospyonyou,attackersneedtoplantmalwareinyourdevice.Topreventmalwarefromenteringyourdevice,donotclicksuspectedlinksandemailattachments.Usestrongpasswordsforemail,socialmediaandonlinebankingaccounts.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph2referto?A.Cameras. B.Types. C.Programs. D.Devices.29.WhatisNSOGroup?A.Agroupofhackers. B.Acompanydevelopingspyware.C.Agroupofterroristsandcriminals. D.Acompanyfightingagainstcrime.30.Whydoestheauthorthink“thedescribedprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated”?A.Peopleknowlittleabouttheirdevices. B.Hackershavenoaccesstoothers.C.Ithardlypreventsmalwarefromgettingprivacy. D.Itcan’tcoverthecamerascompletely.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Protectingprivacyondevices. B.Risingtrendofusingtapes.C.Monitoringdevicesviacameras. D.Avoidingclickingdistrustfullinks.D(2023·辽宁省名校联盟高二上学期联考)Thelossofhousingduetofloodsisanundeniableissue.Butnow,JapanesehousingdeveloperIchijoKomutenrecentlyunveileda“flood-resistanthouse”thatcannotonlyremainwaterproofduringfloods,butalsofloatofftheground.Theirnew“flood-resistanthouse”recentlyappearedonapopularJapaneseTVshowandithasbeengettingalotofattentiononlineeversince.Japan’sTBSTVstationrecentlyvisitedoneofIchijo’stestsiteswherethecompany’snewflood-resistanthousewasbeingputthroughasimulatedflood.Althoughitlookedjustlikeanordinaryhousewhenthetestbegan,bythetimethatwaterstartedrisingaroundit,viewerscouldseethestructureleavethegroundandeventuallyfloatafewinchesaboveit.We’veallseenfloatinghousesbeingsweptawayinseverefloods,butIchijo’snewestinventionfeaturesasystemthatpreventsjustthat.Thehouseisconnectedtoanumberofthickironrodstickingoutofthegroundwiththickcablesthatensureitstaysinplaceasthewaterfloodspast.Whenthewaterrecedes,thefloatinghousecomesbackdowninitsoriginalposition.The“flood-resistanthouse”alsofeaturesspecialvents(通风口)thatcloseupintheeventofflooding,andtheplumbing(管道)alsohasspecialvalves(阀)thatpreventwaterfromgettingintothehome.Electricalequipmentlikeairconditioningispositionedontheupperhalfofthebuildingtoensurethatwaterdoesn’treachit.AccordingtotheengineersinIchijoKomuten’scompany,mosthomesfloodwhenwaterreachesthewindowlevel,butbecausetheirflood-resistanthousecanfloatuptofivemetresaboveground,waterisunlikelytoreachthewindowsandeverythingelseissealedshut.32.WhydoesIchijoKomutendevelopthe“flood-resistanthouse”?A.Tomakehouseswaterproof. B.Togethousesofftheground.C.Tokeephousesforeverfloating. D.Tosecurehousesagainstfloods.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Housesthroughouttheworldareindangerofbeingfloo