山西省太原市部分学校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期高考名校名师联席命制信息卷(一)英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山西省太原市部分学校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期高考名校名师联席命制英语信息卷(一)第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWheretoEatinLondonLondonishometosomeofthebestrestaurantsintheworld,withthecityboastingeverythingfromMichelin-starreddiningexperiencestopleasantstreetfood.Thefollowingaresomehighlyrecommendedones.TheRitzFood:traditionalBritishorfusioncuisinePriceperperson:£80Thispalace-stylediningroomisfamousasoneofLondon’smostluxurious,romanticrestaurants.Thestaffareextremelypoliteandcareful.It’shardlysurprisingthatthedinersareamixtureofcelebrities,businessexecutivesandwealthytourists.Comehereforamemorablediningexperience,whichwillcertainlydodamagetoyourbankaccount!AmarettoFood:ItaliancuisinePriceperperson:£15—20Afamily-ownedrestaurantthathasfaithfuldinerscomingbackagainandagain.AmarettooffersclassicItalianfoodinwarmandfriendlysurroundings.Wheneveryoucome,thisrestaurantisalwaysbusyandlively.Greatforfamiliesorbiggroupsoffriends.LevantFood:Lebanese/MiddleEasterncuisinePriceperperson:£20—30Anexotic(异国风味的)MiddleEasternrestaurantwhichisperfectforaromanticevening.Theatmosphereisromanticandintimate,withcandles,softcushionsandcoloredglasslanterns.ThemenuoffersafeastofauthenticLebanesefoodtopeoplewholiketotrysomethingnewandunusual.Ifyoustaylate,youwillevenbeabletowatchabelly-dancingshow!HardRockCaféFood:Tex-MexcuisineandburgersPriceperperson:£10—20Agenuinecelebrationofrock‘n’roll!ThisistheoriginalHardRockCafe,heresincethe1970s,andit’sthefirst-everthemerestaurant.Thequeuetogetinislegendary.Youcan’tmakereservationsandyouwillfindaqueuealmostalldaylong,everydayoftheyear.Butthisactuallyaddstothememorableexperience.Onceyouarein,there’sgoodfoodandagreatatmosphere,createdbyrockmusic,dimlightingandwallscoveredinrockmemorabilia(纪念品).1.WhatdoTheRitzandLevanthaveincommon?A.Theypresentexoticcharm. B.Theyarebothtime-honored.C.TheyservetraditionalBritishcuisine. D.Theycreateaperfectmoodofromance.2.Whichrestaurantisthemostsuitableforalargegatheringoffriends?A.TheRitz. B.Amaretto. C.Levant. D.HardRockCafe.3.WhatmakestheHardRockCafeexperienceparticularlymemorable?A.Thelongqueuetogetin. B.Thecollectionofrockmemorabilia.C.Thehighqualityofthefood. D.Thedimlightingandrockmusicinside.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了伦敦几家高度推荐的餐厅及其特色。【1题详析】推理判断题。由文章TheRitz部分中“Thispalace-stylediningroomisfamousasoneofLondon’smostluxurious,romanticrestaurants.(这家宫殿风格的餐厅是伦敦最豪华、最浪漫的餐厅之一。)”和Levant部分中“Anexotic(异国风味的)MiddleEasternrestaurantwhichisperfectforaromanticevening.(一家充满异国情调的中东餐厅，非常适合度过浪漫的夜晚。)”可知，两者都营造了完美的浪漫氛围。故选D。【2题详析】细节理解题。由文章Amaretto部分中“Greatforfamiliesorbiggroupsoffriends.(非常适合家庭或大群朋友。)”可知，最适合大型朋友聚会的是Amaretto餐厅。故选B。【3题详析】细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Thequeuetogetinislegendary.Youcan’tmakereservationsandyouwillfindaqueuealmostalldaylong,everydayoftheyear.Butthisactuallyaddstothememorableexperience.(这里排队等候入场的现象堪称传奇。这里不接受预订，而且几乎全年无休，每天都会有人排上一整天的队。但这恰恰为这次体验增添了难忘的色彩。)”可知，HardRockCafe让人难忘的体验在于进入餐厅前的长队。选A。BHighschoolstudentsdugdeepintotheirstudiesthissummer,participatingintheYouthLeadershipProgramofGreenVillageInitiative(GVI)whilealsoearningcollegecreditsfromHousatonicCommunityCollege(HCC).ThenewandoriginalpartnershipbetweenthetwoorganizationsallowedstudentstoearnfourcollegecreditsinBiologyandimmersethemselvesinthelivelylearningenvironmentofGVI’sReservoirCommunityFarm.Eightstudents,aged14—18,participatedinthestricteight-weekprogram.Forsixdayseachweek,studentsattendedonlinelearningwhiletakingHCC’sPlantsandCivilizationCourse.Thefarmservedasanoutdoorlabfortheclass,wherestudentslearnedabouttheprocessofseedtotable,foodaccessandsustainability,fooddeserts,foodjusticeandmore.“Studentslearnbetterwhenthey’regettingtheirhandsdirty,”saidOfonimeUdo-Okon,managerofGVI’sYouthLeadershipProgram.“HCCissettinganexampleastowhatintegratedlearningcanlooklike.”OnBridgeport’sonlyurbaneducationalfarm,thestudents,whoalleitherliveorattendschoolinBridgeport,weretransformedintoyoungfoodleaders.Throughtheirstudiesandhands-oninstruction,eachlearnedtheirroleinthefoodsystem,andhowtomakeapositivechange.“IwantedtobeintheprogramsoIcangivebacktothecommunity,”saidSariahCohen,a15-year-oldsophomoreatBridgeport’sCentralHighSchool.“Ilikethepracticethatweprovidethecommunitywithfresh,inexpensivefood.”GVI’sYouthLeadershipProgramisrootedinfoodjustice,addressingtherealitythatlow-incomepeopleareseverelyimpactedbyfoodinsecurity,pooraccesstonutritiousfood,andtheresultingdiet-relatedillnesses.TheprogramteachesyoungpeoplehowtotakeactiontoremovefoodbarriersandprovideaccesstohealthyproduceforBridgeport’scommunity.“GVIisajewelinthecitythatcansustainourfuture,”saidRobinAvant,HCC’sDeanofAcademicAffairs.“Seeingtheyouthdeeplyembeddedinsoilisremarkable.Astheygrowcrops,thestudentsaregrowingtheirindependentknowledgeandexperiences,whilebuildingagriculturesustainabilityplansthatarecriticaltofoodjustice.”4.HowdoesthepartnershipbetweenGVIandHCCbenefitthestudents?A.Itoffersstudentsthechancetostudyabroad.B.Itencouragescooperationamonglearners.C.Itteachesstudentsabundantknowledgeaboutfoodinsecurity.D.Itcombinesonlinelearningwithhands-onexperience.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3imply?A.Studentspreferworkingthelandtolearninginclass.B.Studentsneedtowashtheirhandsbeforeenteringthelab.C.Activeengagementandreal-lifeexperiencehelplearning.D.Workingonafarmteachesstudentsimportantlifeskills.6.WhatisthemainconcernthatGVI’sYouthLeadershipProgramaimstoaddress?A.Discriminationagainstpoorpeople. B.Unevenaccessibilitytohealthyfood.C.Researchonnutrition-relatedissues. D.Incomeinequalityamongdifferentjobs.7.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thefar-reachingimpactofGVI. B.ThecommercialvalueofGVI.C.TherapiddevelopmentofGVI. D.TheextensivepopularityofGVI.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是美国高中生通过GreenVillageInitiative与Housatonic社区大学合作项目，在学习生物学同时，成为青年食物领导者，促进社区食物正义的实践。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“ThenewandoriginalpartnershipbetweenthetwoorganizationsallowedstudentstoearnfourcollegecreditsinBiologyandimmersethemselvesinthelivelylearningenvironmentofGVI’sReservoirCommunityFarm.(这两个组织之间新的和原始的合作伙伴关系使学生能够获得生物学的四个大学学分，并沉浸在GVI水库社区农场的生动学习环境中)”和第二段“Forsixdayseachweek,studentsattendedonlinelearningwhiletakingHCC’sPlantsandCivilizationCourse.(每周有六天的时间，学生们一边在线学习，一边学习HCC的植物与文明课程)”可知，学生们既可以参加胡萨托尼克社区学院的在线学习课程，也能在GVI的农场进行亲身实践，这是二者合作对学生的好处。故选D项。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Thefarmservedasanoutdoorlabfortheclass,wherestudentslearnedabouttheprocessofseedtotable,foodaccessandsustainability,fooddeserts,foodjusticeandmore.(这个农场是这个班级的户外实验室，学生们在这里学习了从种子到餐桌的过程、食物的获取和可持续性、食物沙漠、食物正义等等)”可知，学生在农场这个户外实验室学到了很多课本外的内容。故此处的gettingtheirhandsdirty指的是学生们动手实践，暗示学生通过动手实践（在农场亲身实践的体验）学得更好，即这句话强调的是动手参与和真实的体验能够增强学习效果，而不应局限于课本上的知识，与C项（积极参与和真实的体验有助于学习）语义相近。故选C项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“GVI’sYouthLeadershipProgramisrootedinfoodjustice,addressingtherealitythatlow-incomepeopleareseverelyimpactedbyfoodinsecurity,pooraccesstonutritiousfood,andtheresultingdiet-relatedillnesses.(GVI的青年领导力项目植根于粮食正义，旨在解决低收入人群受到粮食不安全、难以获得营养食品以及由此引发的饮食相关疾病严重影响的现实问题)”可知，该计划主要关注的是低收入群体获取健康食品的机会不均衡的问题。故选B项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段““GVIisajewelinthecitythatcansustainourfuture,”saidRobinAvant,HCC’sDeanofAcademicAffairs.“Seeingtheyouthdeeplyembeddedinsoilisremarkable.Astheygrowcrops,thestudentsaregrowingtheirindependentknowledgeandexperiences,whilebuildingagriculturesustainabilityplansthatarecriticaltofoodjustice.”(“GVI是这座城市的一颗宝石，可以支撑我们的未来，”HCC教务处主任罗宾·阿万特说。“看到年轻人深深扎根于土壤中是非常了不起的。在种植作物的同时，学生们也在积累自己的独立知识和经验，同时制定对粮食公正至关重要的农业可持续发展计划。”)”可知，罗宾·阿文特提到了参加GVI的青年领导力计划的年轻人在农业实践中逐渐获得知识和经验，并指出他们正在构建对食品正义至关重要的农业可持续发展计划，可知，最后一段说明了GVI的意义和产生的深远影响。故选A项。CItwasApril1,1911,and32-year-oldAlbertEinsteinsatinatrainwithhisfamily,travelingfromZurichtoPrague,whereEinsteinhadlandedajobasafullprofessorinCharlesUniversity.Hehadafewthingsonhismind,butthemostcriticalwashisunfinishedtheoryofrelativity.Whentheyleftthecity15monthslater,Einsteinwouldhavecrackedthecode.Whathappenedoverthecourseofthislong,mysterioustimeperiodinPragueisthequestiondrivingKenKrimstein’snewgraphicnovel(连环画小说)EinsteininKafkaland.Partbiography,parthistoricalfiction,thebookcombinescomicsandwatercolorstocreateathought-provokingread.Throughout,cartoon-Einsteinsports(故意显示)hischaracteristicpipealongsideasignaturefrizzyheadofhair,butit’shisobsessivereflectionsthatperhapsmosteffectivelysignalwhathasbecomeEinstein-the-character.KrimsteinpairsEinstein’sstorywiththatofFranzKafka,whowas28,virtuallyunpublished,andlivingwithhisparentsinahouseinPrague.Bothmenshareanenthusiasmforuncoveringthe“truetruth”.Forboth,ajourneytofindthistruth,whetherinscienceorliterature,isonethatwillsometimescausethempainbutmayultimatelybindthemtoothers.DuringEinstein’stimeinPrague,heworkedouthistheoryofrelativity,whileKafkahadhisownbreakthrough,penningTheJudgment.Despitehistitle,Krimsteincentershisbookunevenly,focusingmainlyonEinstein,andtakingusstepbystepthroughthedeepthinkingthatleadstohisdiscovery.However,alongthewayhealsoprovidesreaderswithaglimpseintothelifeofKafkaandimaginesconversationsbetweenhimandEinstein.Thesediscussionsexplorewhatitmeanstoseetheworlddifferentlyfromeveryoneelse.Krimsteinblendsintellectualhistorywithbiographicaldetails,describingEinstein’sdebateswithcolleagues,thoughtexperiments,andeverydaylife.HeshowsEinsteinengagingindiscussionswithphysicistslikeMaxAbrahamandPaulEhrenfest,aswellasconductingthoughtexperimentswithhisfamily.Atitsheart,EinsteininKafkalandisastoryofordinarygeniuses.Itdemonstrateshowextraordinarydiscoveriesoftenarisefromordinarycircumstancesanddevelopthroughexchangeswithothers-friends,family,colleagues,andevenrivals.Thebookemphasizesthatworksofgeniustypicallyemergethroughdialogsandinteraction,ratherthaninisolation.8.WhatisthemainfocusofEinsteininKafkaland?A.AseriesoflifelikecartoonsofEinstein. B.Kafka’sliterarybreakthroughinPrague.C.ThecomparisonbetweenEinsteinandKafka. D.Einstein’sdevelopmentofthetheoryofrelativity.9.WhatdoesKrimsteinsayaboutEinsteinandKafkainhisbook?A.Theyareopponentscompetingforrecognition.B.Theyareparallelfigureswithsimilarpursuit.C.Theyarefrustratedbeginnersintheirownfield.D.Theyarerepresentativesofscienceandliterature.10.HowdoesKrimsteindescribeEinstein’sintellectualjourney?A.Bylistinghislifeeventsinorderoftime.B.Bycomparinghimtocontemporaryfigures.C.Bymixingthestudyofideaswithpersonalstories.D.Byfocusingonhisscientificpapersandpublications.11.Whatdoesthebooksuggestaboutthenatureofgroundbreakingdiscoveries?A.Theyaredrivenbypersonalambition. B.Theyrelyoncommunicationwithothers.C.Theyarerootedinlogicalreasoning. D.Theyaretypicallyaccidentalandunplanned.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。本文是关于肯·克里姆斯坦的连环画小说《爱因斯坦漫游卡夫卡仙境》的书评。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“ItwasApril1,1911,and32-year-oldAlbertEinsteinsatinatrainwithhisfamily,travelingfromZurichtoPrague,whereEinsteinhadlandedajobasafullprofessorinCharlesUniversity.Hehadafewthingsonhismind,butthemostcriticalwashisunfinishedtheoryofrelativity.(那是1911年4月1日，32岁的阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和他的家人坐在一列火车上，从苏黎世前往布拉格，爱因斯坦在那里找到了一份查尔斯大学正教授的工作。他心里有几件事，但最关键的是他未完成的相对论。)”以及第三段中的“DuringEinstein’stimeinPrague,heworkedouthistheoryofrelativity,whileKafkahadhisownbreakthrough,penningTheJudgment.(在爱因斯坦在布拉格期间，他完成了相对论理论，而卡夫卡也有自己的突破，写下了《判决》。)”可知，这本连环画小说的主要内容是关于爱因斯坦在布拉格期间对相对论理论的发展，而不是关于爱因斯坦的连环画、卡夫卡在布拉格的文学突破或爱因斯坦和卡夫卡的比较。故选D项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“KrimsteinpairsEinstein’sstorywiththatofFranzKafka,whowas28,virtuallyunpublished,andlivingwithhisparentsinahouseinPrague.(Krimstein将爱因斯坦的故事与28岁的弗朗茨·卡夫卡的故事相提并论，卡夫卡当时几乎未发表过作品，和他的父母一起住在布拉格的一所房子里。)”和“Bothmenshareanenthusiasmforuncoveringthe‘truetruth’.(这两个人都热衷于揭露‘真正的真相’。)”可知，Krimstein在书中将爱因斯坦和卡夫卡描述为具有相似追求的平行人物。故选B项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“However,alongthewayhealsoprovidesreaderswithaglimpseintothelifeofKafkaandimaginesconversationsbetweenhimandEinstein.(然而，在这一路上，他还为读者提供了对卡夫卡生活的一瞥，并想象了他和爱因斯坦之间的对话。)”和第五段第一句“Krimsteinblendsintellectualhistorywithbiographicaldetails,describingEinstein’sdebateswithcolleagues,thoughtexperiments,andeverydaylife.(Krimstein将知识史与传记细节相结合，描述了爱因斯坦与同事的辩论、思想实验和日常生活。)”可知，Krimstein通过将思想研究与个人故事相结合来描述爱因斯坦的求知之旅。故选C项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Itdemonstrateshowextraordinarydiscoveriesoftenarisefromordinarycircumstancesanddevelopthroughexchangeswithothers-friends,family,colleagues,andevenrivals.Thebookemphasizesthatworksofgeniustypicallyemergethroughdialogsandinteraction,ratherthaninisolation.(它展示了非凡的发现往往源于平凡的环境，并通过与他人（朋友、家人、同事甚至竞争对手）的交流而发展。这本书强调，天才的作品通常是通过对话和互动而产生的，而不是孤立的。)”可知，这本书认为开创性的发现依赖于与他人的交流，并且B项中的communicationwithothers与原文中exchangeswithothers、dialogsandinteraction相呼应。故选B项。DPenguinsswimwithspeedandgrace,butonland,they’reanadorablemess,liftingtheirfatbodiestoandfrotomoveonelittleleginfrontoftheother.However,thecartoonishwalkisamongthemostefficientintheanimalkingdom.Backin2000,TimothyM.GriffinoftheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyandRodgerKramoftheUniversityofColoradostudiedthebiomechanicsofthepenguin’sclassicwaddle(摇摆地行走).Theypersuadedfiveemperorpenguinstowaddleacrossaspecialplatformdesignedtomeasuretheforceofeachstep,alongwiththedirectionofthatforceandthespeedatwhicheachbirdwasmoving.Theyfoundpenguins’shortlegsandbigfeetmightnotbethebesttoolsforgettingaroundonland,butwaddlingisthebestwaytousethetoolsthey’vegot.Walkingefficiencydoesn’tjustcomedowntobonesandmuscles—it’salsoaboutthewayweusethem.Thehumangait(步态)isimpressivelyefficient,mostlybecausewefallforward,usingthehelpofgravitytopushusforward.Thatextrahelpsavesus65percentoftheenergyourmuscleswouldneedifwereliedontheirforcealone.That65percentfigureisknownasourenergyrecoveryrate.GriffinandKrammeasuredemperorpenguins’energyrecoveryrate.Itwas80percent--amongthehighestofanylandanimal.However,thatdoesn’tmeanpenguinsdon’tusemuchenergytogetaroundonland.Theyexpendtwiceasmuchenergyasanyotherlandanimaltheirsizeondrylands.Havingshortlegsandbigfeetthataredifficulttomovealongthegroundisthesteeppricetheypayforbeinggoodswimmers.Still,withtheirregularlongandhardjourneytonestinggroundsandtheeasewithwhichtheyhopoverobstaclesandclimboverslopes,they’renotdoingtoobadlyforthemselves.Infact,penguinsmayhelphumansoutinthelongrun.“Ourknowledgegainedfrompenguinsprovidesnovelinsightintothegaitmechanicsofhumanswithincreasedlateral(横向的)movements,suchasinpregnantwomenorfatindividuals,”Griffinsaid.“Thisinformationmayleadtoimprovedunderstanding,evaluationandtreatmentofindividualswithgaitdisabilities.”12.What’stheprimaryfocusofthestudyconductedin2000?A.Theenergyefficiencyofpenguins’walkinggait.B.Theforceusedwhenpenguinsswimandwaddle.C.Thepartsofthebodyinvolvedinpenguins’movement.D.Thereasonswhypenguinsswimfasterthantheywalk.13.Whyisthehumangaitconsideredefficientaccordingtothetext?A.Itminimizeslateralmovement. B.Itreliesheavilyonmuscleforce.C.Itrequireslessenergythanpenguins. D.Itusesgravitytoassistforwardmovement.14.Whydopenguinsconsumemoreenergythanotherlandanimalsofsimilarsize?A.It’sdifficultforthemtoadapttolandenvironments.B.Theirlegsaretooshorttosupportefficientmovement.C.Someoftheirphysicalfeaturesmakemovementhard.D.Theiruniquewaddlingstylerequiresmoremuscleeffort.15.Howmightthestudyofpenguins’gaitbenefithumans?A.Ithelpshumansconserveenergywhilewalking.B.Itincreaseshumans’speedoflateralmovement.C.Itprovidesinsightsintogaitmechanicsforcertainindividuals.D.Ithelpsdesignbettershoesforpregnantwomenandfatindividuals.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章揭秘了企鹅在陆地上的行走方式尽管看起来笨拙，但实际上这是动物界中最有效的行走方式之一。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Backin2000,TimothyM.GriffinoftheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleyandRodgerKramoftheUniversityofColoradostudiedthebiomechanicsofthepenguin’sclassicwaddle(摇摆地行走).(早在2000年，加州大学伯克利分校的蒂莫西・M・格里芬和科罗拉多大学的罗杰・克拉姆就研究了企鹅经典摇摆行走的生物力学。)”以及第三段中“GriffinandKrammeasuredemperorpenguins’energyrecoveryrate.(格里芬和克拉姆测量了帝企鹅的能量回收率。)”可知，2000年这项研究主要聚焦于企鹅行走步态的能量效率，通过测量相关数据来进行分析。故选A项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Thehumangait(步态)isimpressivelyefficient,mostlybecausewefallforward,usingthehelpofgravitytopushusforward.(人类的步态效率极高，主要是因为我们向前摔倒，借助重力推动我们向前。)”可知，人类步态被认为高效是因为利用重力来辅助向前移动。故选D项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Theyexpendtwiceasmuchenergyasanyotherlandanimaltheirsizeondrylands.Havingshortlegsandbigfeetthataredifficulttomovealongthegroundisthesteeppricetheypayforbeinggoodswimmers.(在陆地上，它们消耗的能量是同等体型的其他陆地动物的两倍。它们有着短腿和大脚，在地面上移动困难，这是它们作为优秀游泳者所付出的高昂代价。)”可知，企鹅比同等体型的其他陆地动物消耗更多能量是因为它们的一些身体特征使得移动变得困难。故选C项。【15题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Ourknowledgegainedfrompenguinsprovidesnovelinsightintothegaitmechanicsofhumanswithincreasedlateral(横向的)movements,suchasinpregnantwomenorfatindividuals,(我们从企鹅身上获得的知识为横向运动增加的人类，如孕妇或肥胖个体的步态力学提供了新的见解。)”可知，对企鹅步态的研究能为特定个体的步态力学提供见解。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoImproveDebatingSkillsDebatingisasubjectivejudgment,sodebatersmayapplydifferentmethodsatdifferenttimes.____16____.Theycanhelpyougetyourpointsacrossclearlyandeffectively,leavinglittleroomforyouropponentstoquestionandinspiringresponsesandparticipationoftheaudience.StrategicArgumentsOrganizeyourthoughtsbeforeyouspeak.Beforeyoustart,thinkthroughthechronologicalorder(时间顺序)inwhichyouwanttopresentyourstatements.Then,startwithapowerfulstatementandsupportyourcommentswithresearchandviewpointsfromprofessionalsinthefield.____17____.Sothelistenersandopponentswillexaminewhatmighthappeniftheychoosenottosupportyourarguments.____18____Focusonwaysyoumightimproveyourbodylanguage.Signsofconfidencemightincludeafirmstandingposturewithfewmovements.Makeeyecontactwithyouropponentwhenpossible,butdon’tstarehimdown.Standstraight,soyouropponentdoesn’tthinkyou’reboredorlazy.Signsofnonconfidencemightincluderunningyourhandsthroughyourhair,touchingyourfaceandstaringatyournoteswithoutlookinguportappingyourpencilonthepodium.RespectfulTones____19____.Alwaysavoidwhispering,complainingandyellingsincetheyinformothersyou’reoverwhelmedbyemotionandcan’tpresentlogicalarguments.Increaseyourvolumeslightlytostressextremelyimportantdetails.Whenrespondingtoyouropponent’sarguments,useafirm,respectfultone.OpposingViewpointsAddressyouropponent’sviewpointshead-onanddon’tbeataroundthebush.Provetothejudgesandtheaudiencethatyouarewillingtoanalyzeviewpointsfromallangles.Youmightpolitelymentionflawsinyouropponent’slineofreasoningoraddressfactualerrors.Youcanalsoagreewithpartofyouropponent’sargument.____20____.Onthewhole,howtopersuadetheaudience,invokingintelligentresponsesandenthusiasticparticipationaredebatingskillsworthmastering.A.AppropriateGestures.B.ConfidentBodyLanguage.C.Concludeyourargumentwithconvincingdetails.D.Aneffectivedebateisorganized,strategicandpersuasive.E.However,someskillsgenerallyapplytoallformsofdebate.F.Meanwhile,showwaysthattheargumentdoesn’tholdupasawhole.G.Createandmaintainatonethatisrespectfulandeasytolisteners’ears.【答案】16.E17.C18.B19.G20.F【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了提高辩论技巧的几个实用建议。【16题详析】根据上文“Debatingisasubjectivejudgment,sodebatersmayapplydifferentmethodsatdifferenttimes.(辩论是一种主观判断，因此辩论者可能在不同的时间使用不同的方法)”以及下文提到一些辩论的技巧，故E项（然而，有些技巧通常适用于所有形式的辩论）承上启下，空后的They指代E项中的someskills，E项符合语境。故选E项。【17题详析】根据上文“Beforeyoustart,thinkthroughthechronologicalorder(时间顺序)inwhichyouwanttopresentyourstatements.Then,startwithapowerfulstatementandsupportyourcommentswithresearchandviewpointsfromprofessionalsinthefield.(在开始之前，考虑一下你想要按照时间顺序来陈述你的陈述。然后，以强有力的陈述开始，并以该领域专业人士的研究和观点来支持你的评论)”中Beforeyoustart和Then可知，此处介绍辩论的过程，设空处应承接上文，且设空处的内容应能引出空后内容，C项（用令人信服的细节结束你的论点）符合语境，设空处及空前内容为空后描述情况发生的前提。故选C项。【18题详析】根据本段内容“Focusonwaysyoumightimproveyourbodylanguage.Signsofconfidencemightincludeafirmstandingposturewithfewmovements.Makeeyecontactwithyouropponentwhenpossible,butdon’tstarehimdown.Standstraight,soyouropponentdoesn’tthinkyou’reboredorlazy.Signsofnonconfidencemightincluderunningyourhandsthroughyourhair,touchingyourfaceandstaringatyournoteswithoutlookinguportappingyourpencilonthepodium.(关注你可能改善肢体语言的方法。自信的标志可能包括坚定的站立姿势，几乎没有动作。尽可能与你的对手进行眼神交流，但不要盯着他看。站直，这样你的对手就不会觉得你很无聊或懒惰。不自信的表现可能包括用手拨弄头发，摸脸，不抬头盯着笔记，或者在讲台上敲铅笔)”可知，本段介绍在辩论中关注和使用自信的肢体语言并具体介绍了自信的表现和不自信的表现，故B项（自信的肢体语言）最能概括本段主旨，且B项中的BodyLanguage呼应下文中的bodylanguage。故选B项。【19题详析】根据后文“Alwaysavoidwhispering,complainingandyellingsincetheyinformothersyou’reoverwhelmedbyemotionandcan’tpresentlogicalarguments.Increaseyourvolumeslightlytostressextremelyimportantdetails.Whenrespondingtoyouropponent’sarguments,useafirm,respectfultone.(总是避免耳语，抱怨和大喊大叫，因为他们告诉别人你被情绪所淹没，不能提出合乎逻辑的论点。稍微加大音量来强调非常重要的细节。在回应对手的论点时，使用坚定、尊重的语气)”可知，本段主要围绕“尊重的语气”这一主题展开，设空处位于本段段首，一般应能引出话题或概括段落内容，结合本段主要表述的是如何在辩论中通过控制音量和语气来有效地表达观点，强调应避免低声说话抱怨和大喊大叫，而是用坚定且尊重的语气回应对方的论点，G项（运用并保持一种表示敬意的、听者容易接受的语调）是对小标题内容的扩充，能概括本段内容，符合语境。故选G项。【20题详析】根据上文“Addressyouropponent’sviewpointshead-onanddon’tbeataroundthebush.Provetothejudgesandtheaudiencethatyouarewillingtoanalyzeviewpointsfromallangles.Youmightpolitelymentionflawsinyouropponent’slineofreasoningoraddressfactualerrors.Youcanalsoagreewithpartofyouropponent’sargument.(正面回应对手的观点，不要拐弯抹角。向评委和观众证明你愿意从各个角度分析观点。你可以礼貌地提到对手推理中的缺陷，或者指出事实错误。你也可以同意对手的部分观点)”可知，上文介绍在辩论时，要直面对方的观点而不是拐弯抹角。向评委和观众证明辩论者愿意从各个角度分析问题，辩论者可以礼貌指出对方推理中的漏洞或纠正对方的事实性错误，也可以同意对方的部分论点，F项（与此同时，要指出该论点整体上站不住脚的地方）承接上文内容，符合语境。故选F项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。InAnaheim,California,twopoliceofficerspatrollinganeighborhooddiscoveredanelderlymanwhoseemedtobeinmuchtrouble.The83LupeRobleswasoutinthe35-degreeheat,___21___pushinghislawnmower(割草机)acrosshisyard.Recognizingthe___22___healthriskstosomeoneatRobles'ageworkingundersuchconditions,officersdecidedtheycouldn'tjustdriveby.Without___23___,theyparkedtheirpolicecarandapproachedRobles,offeringtheirhelp.Theelderlymanwasvisibly___24___andgratefulfortheassistance.Hehandedoverthelawnmowertooneoftheofficers,whoimmediatelytookoverthetask.Thetwoofficersworked___25___,turningwhatcouldhavebeenanexhaustingtaskforRoblesintoa(n)___26___one.Theirteamworkanddedicationwereclearindicatorsoftheircommitmentto___27___thecommunityinmorewaysthanjustenforcingthelaw.Roblesexpressedhisheartfelt___28___.Heexplainedthathewasparticularlytiredthatdaybecausehehadbeenbusyhelpinghisneighborswiththeirlawnsandgardens.Formanyyears,Robleshadbeenafamiliar___29___intheneighborhood,alwaysreadytolendahandtothose___30___.Hisselflessactionshadnotgoneunnoticed,andthecommunityheldhiminhigh___31___.Theofficers,too,weremovedbyRobles'story.They___32___himforhishardworkandselflessness,acknowledgingthathis___33___weretrulyinspiring.Thisstoryofmutualkindnessservesasapowerfulreminderofthe___34___thathelpingotherscanhave.Itremindsusallthattherearestillmanywhoare___35___togotheextramiletohelpothers.21.A.delightedly B.regretfully C.worriedly D.helplessly22.A.public B.extra C.constant D.potential23.A.hesitation B.control C.permission D.discussion24.A.confused B.stressed C.relieved D.respected25.A.hurriedly B.efficiently C.independently D.steadily26.A.beneficial B.countable C.influential D.manageable27.A.arranging B.serving C.reforming D.shaping28.A.gratitude B.sorrow C.regret D.affection29.A.vision B.wonder C.sight D.proof30.A.incharge B.inneed C.incompany D.inpeace31.A.observation B.light C.sympathy D.regard32.A.praised B.encouraged C.awarded D.directed33.A.imaginations B.decisions C.ambitions D.actions34.A.effort B.comfort C.impact D.practice35.A.willing B.suitable C.proud D.wise【答案】21.D22.D23.A24.C25.B26.D27.B28.A29.C30.B31.D32.A33.D34.C35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了警察帮助罗伯斯（Robles）修剪草坪的故事，展示了人与人之间的互助和善良，以及警察对社区的关怀和服务。【21题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：83岁的卢佩・罗伯斯顶着35度的高温，无助地在院子里推着割草机。A.delightedly高兴地；B.regretfully遗憾地；C.worriedly担忧地；D.helplessly无助地。根据上文“anelderlymanwhoseemedtobeinmuchtrouble”以及老人83岁的高龄和酷热天气可知，老人独自干活时是无助的状态。故选D项。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：警官们意识到，对于罗伯斯这个年纪的人来说，在这样的环境下干活存在潜在的健康风险。A.public公共的；B.extra额外的；C.constant持续的；D.potential潜在的。根据上文“The83LupeRobleswasoutinthe35-degreeheat”以及语境可知，高龄老人在酷暑下劳作，健康问题虽未发生但有可能出现，potential强调“可能存在的风险”，符合语境。故选D项。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们毫不犹豫地停下车，走近罗伯斯，主动提供帮助。A.hesitation犹豫；B.control控制；C.permission许可；D.discussion讨论。根据上文“officersdecidedtheycouldn’tjustdriveby”可知，这里指警官们立刻决定