广东五校2024-2025学年高二上学期期末联考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广东五校2024-2025学年高二上学期期末联考英语试题第一部分选择题(共95分)一、听力（略）二、单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）1.SteveJobswasfiredbythepersonhehadhiredandtrustedthefacthewastheonewhoco-establishedthecompany.A.despite…which B.regardless…thatC.inspiteof…that D.against…inwhich【答案】C【详析】考查介词及同位语从句的引导词。句意：乔布斯被他雇用和信任的人从苹果公司解雇，尽管他是公司的合伙人。A.despite即使，尽管；B.regardless不管，不顾；C.inspiteof尽管；不管，不顾；D.against反对。regardless需与of连用，因此B项错误；against的意义不符合句意的需要，因此D项错误；despite和inspiteof都可以使用。分析句子结构可知，第二个空格后的句子的成分和语意都是完整的，这里需要填入that引导同位语从句，解释说明名词fact，因此A项的which错误。故选C。2.Itwas________hecamebacktoChinathatyear________herealizedwhathislifelongcareershouldbe.A.when;when B.notuntil;when C.notuntil;that D.that;that【答案】C【详析】考查时间状语从句和强调句。句意：直到那年他回到中国，他才意识到自己一生的事业应该是什么。“直到……才……”用固定句型not...until...，此处是对until引导的时间状语从句进行强调，所以第一个空填notuntil；对状语从句强调用固定句型Itis/was+强调部分+that...，故选C。3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolonger________itwas20yearsago,________itwassopoorlyequipped.A.that;when B.what;when C.what;which D.which;that【答案】B【详析】考查表语从句和定语从句。句意：那所学校发生了巨大的变化。它已经不是20年前的样子了，当时它的装备很差。空1处引导表语从句，从句中缺少表语，指事物，用what引导；空2处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为20yearsago，在从句中作时间状语，应用when引导。故选B。4.—Theactor________inthenewshasexcellentperformanceinhisnewfilm.—That’s________Idon’tagree.Ithinkhisexpressionisfakeinthefilm.A.mentioned;where B.mentioning;how C.mention;when D.mentioned;what【答案】A【详析】考查非谓语动词和表语从句。句意：——新闻中提到的那个演员在他的新电影中表现出色。——这就是我不同意的地方。我认为他在电影中的表情是假的。第一句谓语为has，第一空用非谓语动词，且Theactor与mention“提到”为被动关系，应用过去分词mentioned，作后置定语。第二空引导表语从句，且从句缺少地点状语，用where引导。故选A。5.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork________,werefusedhisoffer.A.notfinishing B.hadnotbeenfinishedC.nothavingfinished D.notfinished【答案】D【详析】考查独立主格结构。句意：当沃尔特离开办公室时提出搭我们的车，但我们的工作还没有完成，我们拒绝了他的提议。句中已有连词when和谓语offered，wasleaving和refused，空处作非谓语动词，finish与逻辑主语ourwork之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式的否定式notfinished，与ourwork构成独立主格结构。故选D。6.Therewasaloudnoise________thesuddenburstoflight,_______thedogsinthefarm.A.followed;frightening B.followed;frightenedC.following;frightened D.following;frightening【答案】D【详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有一声巨响，伴随着突然的亮光，吓坏了农场里的狗。句中已有was，两空均作非谓语动词，结合语意，follow与逻辑主语noise构成主动关系，应用现在分词following作后置定语；巨响伴随突然的亮光，产生的自然而然的结果是吓坏狗，所以第二空应用现在分词形式frightening作结果状语。故选D。7.________isnotknownhowthisphenomenonhascomeintobeing—inaculture________somanypeoplestrivetolookthesameway,andanyslightdifferenceinappearancerapidlysinglesyouout.A.It;where B.What;where C.Which;where D.As;inwhich【答案】A【详析】考查it用法和定语从句。句意：目前还不清楚这种现象是如何产生的——在一个如此多的人努力让自己看起来一样的文化中，任何细微的外貌差异都会让你迅速被单独挑出来。“Itisnotknown+从句”是一个常用的结构，真正的主语是后面的“howthisphenomenonhascomeintobeing”，所it为形式主语，所以第一个空填It；“______somanypeoplestrivetolookthesameway”是定语从句，修饰先行词culture，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where，故第二个空填where。故选A。8.Shemustbelookingforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimselfisto______her.A.beseeing B.seeing C.see D.haveseen【答案】B【详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她一定很期望他的回归，正如他自己也很想看到她一样。该句省略了完整形式的谓语部分

is

looking

forward，短语

look

forward

to

doing

sth.期待做某事，介词to后面应使用动名词形式，应填seeing。故选B项。9.Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeand________toruins,thecitytookonanewlook.A.reducing B.reduced C.beingreduced D.havingreduced【答案】C【详析】考查动名词的被动语态。句意：就在遭遇一场大地震被夷为平地之后不久，这个城市呈现了新的面貌。此句中的“after”是介词，后面需要动名词，而且城市是被夷为平地，所以用动名词的被动语态。故选C项。10.Thenewinternationalairport______intousein2029willserve72millionpassengersannually.A.beingput B.tobeput C.put D.putting【答案】B【详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：新的国际机场将于2029年投入使用，每年服务7200万旅客。本句谓语为willserve，空格处需用非谓语动词形式。Thenewinternationalairport与putintouse“投入使用”为被动关系，且机场的投入使用发生在将来，需用不定式的被动形式tobeput，作后置定语。故选B。11.MrsJoneswasannoyedthatthesweepingmachineshe________wasoutoforderagain.A.haditrepaired B.wasrepairing C.repaired D.hadrepaired【答案】D【详析】考查时态。句意：琼斯太太很生气，因为她修理过的扫地机又坏了。根据“wasoutoforderagain”可知，此处表示的动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选D。12.Hesuddenlyrealizedthatitwasthefirsttimeforyearsthathe________somuchjoywithothers.A.wasexperiencing B.hasexperienced C.hadexperienced D.experienced【答案】C【详析】考查动词时态。句意：他突然意识到，这是他多年来第一次和别人一起经历如此多的快乐。句中第一个that引导宾语从句，从句使用固定句型it

was

the

first

timethat...，表示“这是第一次……”，从句应用过去完成时，即hadexperienced。故选C。13.Theeventthat_________inmymemoryhappenedonemorningin1983whenIwas14yearsold.Ithasneverescaped.A.stoodout B.standsoutC.wouldstandout D.hasstoodout【答案】B【详析】考查时态。句意：在我的记忆中最突出的事件发生在1983年的一个早晨，当时我14岁。它从未逃出过我的记忆。分析句子可知，“that_________inmymemory”是定语从句，修饰event，句子的谓语动词是happened，根据句意，从句指目前的一种事实，所以要用一般现在时。故选B。14.John,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spent$3,000morethanhe________forthewedding.A.hadplanned B.wasplanning C.hasplanned D.hadbeenplanning【答案】A【详析】考查时态。句意：约翰是我的一个朋友，他上周才结婚，他花了比婚礼计划多3000美元。根据句意可知，空处表达的动作发生在过去动作gotmarried之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选A。15.Jane________asatouristguideforthreeyearsandnowsheisateacherinourschool.A.hadworked B.hasbeenworking C.worked D.wasworking【答案】C【详析】考查时态。句意：简做了三年的导游，现在她是我们学校的一名老师。根据后文nowsheisateacherinourschool.可知表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。故选C。三、阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheBestTrainTripsintheWorldTraintravellovers,getexcited!Thecharmofrailadventuresishardtoresist.Inour37thannualReaders’ChoiceAwards,we’vediscoveredthebesttraintripsaroundtheworld.Herearejustafewonthelist.PalaceonWheels,IndiaIndia’sbest-knowntrainoffersseveralroutesrangingfromafewdaystoweek-longjourneys.EmbarkingfromNewDelhi,thetripstakeyouthroughthePinkCityofJaipur,whereguestsaregreetedbydistinctiveUNESCOsitesliketheAmerFortaswellas16th-centurypalaces.YoucanalsovisitAgra,hometotheiconicTajMahal.Alongtheway,enjoyregionalcuisineinwell-appointed,colorfulcarriagesdecoratedwithIndianfabrics.TranscantabricoGranLujo,SpainThisluxurioussleepertrainmakesitswaybetweenSanSebastiánandSantiagodeCompostelaforadurationofaweek.Auniqueaspectofthistrainisthatitremainsstationaryovernight,allowingforlate-nightshortjourneysandexplorations,whichareuncommononothersleepertrainexperiencesandmuchmoresuitedtolate-nightdinners.TheGhan,AustraliaCompletedin1929,

TheGhan

runsthroughtheheartofAustraliabetweenAdelaideandDarwin.ItsnameremindsusoftheAfghancameltrainersandriderswhofirsthelpedfindacoursethroughthecountry’scenter.Tothisday,thethree-dayextraordinaryjourneypromisesaccesstopartsofAustralia’sRedCentrethatcanotherwisebequitechallengingtoaccess.RovosRail,AfricaThistrainhasbeentravelingthroughoutAfricaforoverthirtyyears.Itprovidesoff-trainculturalandhistoricaltripssoguestscanexperiencealltheremarkablewondersinSouthernAfrica.Thethree-andfour-nightVictoriaFallsjourneysareclassic,butifyouhaveafewmorenightstospare,selecttheeleven-night‘SouthernCross’route.16.Whichtraincanprovidethelongesttrip?A.RovosRail,Africa B.TheGhan,AustraliaC.TranscantabricoGranLujo,Spain D.PalaceonWheels,India17.WhatisspecialaboutTranscantabricoGranLujo?A.Itprovidesdinnerforlatepassengers.B.Itspeedsupatnightformoredistance.C.Itallowspassengerstoexploreatnight.D.Itstopsovernighttoundergoroutinechecks.18.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefourtraintrips?A.Theyrunwithinasinglecountry.B.Theyarefocusedoncitysightseeing.C.Theyofferuniquetravelexperiences.D.Theyoperatetohonorsomepioneers.【答案】16.A17.C18.C【语篇导读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上最好的火车旅行。【16题详析】细节理解题。根据RovosRail,Africa中“Thethree-andfour-nightVictoriaFallsjourneysareclassic,butifyouhaveafewmorenightstospare,selecttheeleven-night‘SouthernCross’route.(为期三晚和四晚的维多利亚瀑布之旅是经典的，但如果你有更多的空余时间，选择为期十一晚的“南十字”路线。)”并对照其他内容可知，RovosRail,Africa可提供为期十一晚的火车路线，即可以提供最远的旅程。故选A项。【17题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Auniqueaspectofthistrainisthatitremainsstationaryovernight,allowingforlate-nightshortjourneysandexplorations,whichareuncommononothersleepertrainexperiencesandmuchmoresuitedtolate-nightdinners.(这列火车的一个独特之处在于它在夜间保持静止，允许深夜短途旅行和探索，这在其他卧铺火车上是不常见的，更适合深夜晚餐。)”可知，TranscantabricoGranLujo允许乘客在夜间探索。故选C项。【18题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Thecharmofrailadventuresishardtoresist.Inour37thannualReaders’ChoiceAwards,we’vediscoveredthebesttraintripsaroundtheworld.(铁路探险的魅力让人难以抗拒。在第37届年度读者选择奖中，我们发现了世界上最好的火车旅行。)”并结合选项可知，这四次火车旅行都提供独特的旅行体验。故选C项。BWehearthemdaily,whetherit’s‘youreyesarebiggerthanyourstomach’fromyourmomor‘wordsfailme’forsomethingamazing.Thesecolorfulgems(宝石),idiomswithmeaningsthatcan’tbeinferredfromindividualwords,areimportanttohelp“spiceup”ourdailyconversations.Everyoneoccasionallystrugglestofindtherightwordstoexpressthemselves.Forexample,whenapersonneedsabetterwaytosaythatsomethingisexpensive,hemighthesitate,searchingthroughtheemptyfilesoftheirbrainforsomething,andcomeupempty-handed.Heendsupsayingthat,“Thenewcarcoststoomuch.”Thisisfine,butperhaps‘costsanarmandaleg’wouldhavebeenmoreeffective.OneoftheidiomsIdistinctlyrememberis‘keepyourshirton’.Ithappenedinthesecondgradeduringagroupproject.WhenIcomplainedaboutthemoodygirl’slackofcooperation,shegotangry.Itoldherto‘keephershirton’,whichshemisunderstoodandreportedtoourteacher.Shewasunawareoftheidiom’smeaning,whichIfoundunreasonable.Thisidiomactuallyoriginatesfromthe19thcentury,whenmen’sshirtsneededtobetakenoffbeforearguingorfighting.“Keeptheshirtson”couldbeusedtopreventanyfurthertension.Anothertwoidiomsarealsoworthmentioning.Imagineyouhaveadeadlineforafiveessaythatyouhaven’t‘gottentheballrolling’.Youmightsayyou’re‘inapickle’,anidiomforadifficultsituationwithnoobvioussolution.Now,considerthatsameissuewiththeessay.You’vebarelystarted,andit’sevidentyouwon’tmeetthedeadline.Ratherthanworrying,youlookforapositiveaspect,hopingtofinda‘silverlining’inthismess.Theidiom‘everycloudhasasilverlining’expressesthisfeeling.Idiomsarecrucialforcommunicationinmusic,literature,orjustineverydayconversations.Beyondthis,thesefiguresofspeecharevitaltounderstandwhatothersmeaniftheyusethem.Educatingourselvesaboutidiomswillalsoallowustoaddemphasisonsubjectswetalkabout.Inadditiontomyownexperiences,itishightimethatwelearnedaboutidioms.19.Whatdoweknowaboutidiomsfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Idiomsmakeconversationsmoredemanding.B.Idiomsarechallengingtorecallfromourminds.C.Idiomsareeasytoperceivefromseparatewords.D.Idiomsaddflavorandefficiencytocommunication.20.Whatdoestheauthor’sstoryimplyinParagraph3?A.Thegirlwasunreasonableforreporting.B.Teachersaresupposedtoknowalltheidioms.C.Idiomscancauseconfusioninagroupproject.D.Understandingidiomspreventsmisunderstandings.21.Ifyouwanttostrengthenoptimisminabadsituation,whichidiomisappropriate?A.‘inapickle’ B.‘keepyourshirton’C.‘everycloudhasasilverlining’ D.‘youreyesarebiggerthanyourstomach’22.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthelastparagraph?A.Appealingforactions. B.Offeringadvice.C.Pushingliteralspeech. D.Applyingidiomstoarts.【答案】19.D20.D21.C22.A【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了习语在日常交流、文学和音乐中的重要性。【19题详析】推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Thesecolorfulgems(宝石),idiomswithmeaningsthatcan’tbeinferredfromindividualwords,areimportanttohelp“spiceup”ourdailyconversations.(这些丰富多彩的瑰宝——习语，其意义不能从单个单词中推断出来，它们对于给我们的日常对话“增添趣味”至关重要。)”和第二段中“Everyoneoccasionallystrugglestofindtherightwordstoexpressthemselves.Forexample,whenapersonneedsabetterwaytosaythatsomethingisexpensive,hemighthesitate,searchingthroughtheemptyfilesoftheirbrainforsomething,andcomeupempty-handed.Heendsupsayingthat,“Thenewcarcoststoomuch.”Thisisfine,butperhaps‘costsanarmandaleg’wouldhavebeenmoreeffective.(每个人偶尔都会为找不到恰当的表达而苦恼。例如，当一个人需要更好的方式来形容某物很贵时，他可能会犹豫不决，在脑海中空白的文件夹里搜寻着什么，却一无所获。他最终只能说：“这辆新车太贵了。”这没问题，但也许“贵得要命”这个表达会更有效。)”可知，习语为我们的交流增添了趣味和有效性。故选D。【20题详析】推理判断题。由文章第三段“OneoftheidiomsIdistinctlyrememberis‘keepyourshirton’.Ithappenedinthesecondgradeduringagroupproject.WhenIcomplainedaboutthemoodygirl’slackofcooperation,shegotangry.Itoldherto‘keephershirton’,whichshemisunderstoodandreportedtoourteacher.Shewasunawareoftheidiom’smeaning,whichIfoundunreasonable.Thisidiomactuallyoriginatesfromthe19thcentury,whenmen’sshirtsneededtobetakenoffbeforearguingorfighting.“Keeptheshirtson”couldbeusedtopreventanyfurthertension.(我清楚地记得的一个习语是“别冲动”。这是发生在二年级时的一个小组项目里。当我抱怨那个情绪化的女孩不合作时，她生气了。我叫她“别冲动”，但她误解了我的意思并向老师报告了。她不知道这个习语的含义，我觉得这很不合理。这个习语实际上起源于19世纪，当时人们在争论或打架前需要脱掉衬衫。“别冲动”可以用来防止事态进一步紧张。)”可知，作者的故事在第3段中暗示了理解习语可以防止误解。故选D。【21题详析】推理判断题。由文章第四段中“You’vebarelystarted,andit’sevidentyouwon’tmeetthedeadline.Ratherthanworrying,youlookforapositiveaspect,hopingtofinda‘silverlining’inthismess.Theidiom‘everycloudhasasilverlining’expressesthisfeeling.(你几乎还没开始写，显然无法按时完成。与其担心，不如寻找积极的一面，希望在这个混乱中找到一线希望。习语“黑暗中总有一线光明”就表达了这种感觉。)”可知，如果你想在困境中加强乐观情绪，那么“everycloudhasasilverlining(黑暗中总有一线光明)”这个习语是合适的。故选C。【22题详析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Educatingourselvesaboutidiomswillalsoallowustoaddemphasisonsubjectswetalkabout.Inadditiontomyownexperiences,itishightimethatwelearnedaboutidioms.(学习习语不仅能让我们更好地了解别人的意思，还能为我们在讨论的主题上增加强调。除了分享我个人的经历外，现在正是我们学习习语的时候了。)”可知，作者在最后一段主要呼吁采取行动去学习习语。故选A。CThecateringindustry(餐饮业)iswitnessingasignificantshifttowardsdigitalmenus,atendencythatisgainingpopularityasmorerestaurantsadopttechnologytoimprovethediningexperience.Digitalmenus,whichcanbeaccessedthroughQRcodes,tablets,orotherdigitalinterfaces,offeramodernandinteractivewayforcustomerstoexploreandordertheirmeals.SurveydatafromSquare’sFutureofRestaurants2021reportrevealsthatanoverwhelming88%ofrestaurantsareconsideringtheswitchtodigitalmenus.Thistransitionwasmotivatedbytheneedforcontactlessservicesinitially,whichhavebecomeincreasinglyimportantinlightofrecenthealthandsafetyconcerns.Digitalmenusofferadvantagessuchasreal-timeupdates,reducedwaste,andthepotentialfordatacollectiontomakebusinessdecisions.BruceBell,headofSquareforRestaurants,wroteinareportthat“Thehuman-interactionelementofdiningisnevergoingtogoaway,butIthinkU.S.restaurantswilluseQR-codemenusinawaythatwillhelpthemturnmoretablesandsavecostsontheexpensesofmenuandlabor.”Thisstatementreflectsacommonviewamongrestaurantownerswhoseedigitalmenusasawaytoimproveoperationalefficiency.Despitethegrowingtendencytowardsdigitalmenus,somerestaurantsandcustomersremaincommittedtotraditionalmenus.AsregulardinerSarahputsit,“Ilovethefeelingofamenuinmyhands;itsetsthetoneforthediningexperience.Icantakemytimeandreallyconnectwiththeserver.There’ssomethingaboutthepersonaltouchthatscreenssimplycan’tmatch.”Thedecisiontoadoptdigitalmenusorstickwithtraditionaloneshasimplicationsforcustomerexperience,operationalefficiency,andenvironmentalimpact.Digitalmenusofferanumberofstrengths.However,theyalsorequireaninitialinvestmentintechnologyandmaynotbesuitableforalltypesofrestaurantsorcustomers.Traditionalmenus,ontheotherhand,offerafamiliarandpersonaltouchbutcanbecostlyandlessenvironmentallyfriendly.Thechoicebetweendigitalandtraditionalmenusisnotjustaboutkeepingupwithatrendbutaboutfindingtherightbalancethatisconsistentwiththerestaurant’svaluesandtheprogressingexpectationsofdiners.23.Whatdroverestaurantstodigitalmenusinthefirstplace?A.Theaimtospeedupordering.B.Thedesiretoimprovemenuappeal.C.Theinfluenceofcustomerpreference.D.Theneedtoprovidetouchlessservices.24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“turnmoretables”meaninparagraph3?A.Addmoretablestotheexistingspace.B.Servemorecustomersinagiventime.C.Transformtablesintodigitalinterfaces.D.Switchwaitstaffbetweentablesfrequently.25.WhatisexpectedofatraditionalmenuaccordingtoSara?A.Arushtodecideonorders. B.Astrongtouchoffamiliarity.C.Abridgetolinkingpeople. D.Arelaxedtonetochatwithwaiters.26.Whatispurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Todescribethetechnologicalsetupfordigitalmenus.B.Toexplorevariousfactorsintheoptionsoftwomenus.C.Todiscusstheimportanceoffollowingindustrytrends.D.Tocomparetheweaknessesandstrengthsoftwomenus.【答案】23.D24.B25.C26.B【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了餐饮业数字化菜单的趋势和影响。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“SurveydatafromSquare’sFutureofRestaurants2021reportrevealsthatanoverwhelming88%ofrestaurantsareconsideringtheswitchtodigitalmenus.Thistransitionwasmotivatedbytheneedforcontactlessservicesinitially,whichhavebecomeincreasinglyimportantinlightofrecenthealthandsafetyconcerns.(Square2021年餐厅未来报告的调查数据显示，88%的餐厅正在考虑改用数字菜单。这一转变最初是出于对非接触式服务的需求，鉴于最近的健康和安全问题，这一需求变得越来越重要)”可知，促使餐馆使用数字菜单的最初原因是餐馆需要提供非接触式服务。故选D。【24题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段“BruceBell,headofSquareforRestaurants,wroteinareportthat“Thehuman-interactionelementofdiningisnevergoingtogoaway,butIthinkU.S.restaurantswilluseQR-codemenusinawaythatwillhelpthemturnmoretablesandsavecostsontheexpensesofmenuandlabor.”Thisstatementreflectsacommonviewamongrestaurantownerswhoseedigitalmenusasawaytoimproveoperationalefficiency.(SquareforRestaurants的负责人布鲁斯·贝尔在一份报告中写道：“用餐中的人际互动元素永远不会消失，但我认为美国餐厅将使用二维码菜单，这将有助于他们turnmoretables，并且节省菜单和劳动力成本。”这一说法反映了餐厅老板的普遍观点，他们认为数字菜单是提高运营效率的一种方式)”可知，餐馆使用数字菜单可以提高运营效率，由此推知，美国餐厅使用二维码菜单将有助于他们在给定时间内服务更多客户，划线短语表示“在给定时间内服务更多客户”。故选B。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“AsregulardinerSarahputsit,“Ilovethefeelingofamenuinmyhands;itsetsthetoneforthediningexperience.Icantakemytimeandreallyconnectwiththeserver.There’ssomethingaboutthepersonaltouchthatscreenssimplycan’tmatch.”(正如普通食客Sarah所说，“我喜欢菜单在我手中的感觉；它为用餐体验定下了基调。我可以慢慢来，真正地与服务员联系。屏幕上的个人触摸是无法比拟的。”)”可知，Sarah喜欢传统菜单带来的熟悉感和餐饮氛围，期待传统菜单可以使人真正与服务员联系，是连接人们的桥梁。故选C。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digitalmenusofferanumberofstrengths.However,theyalsorequireaninitialinvestmentintechnologyandmaynotbesuitableforalltypesofrestaurantsorcustomers.Traditionalmenus,ontheotherhand,offerafamiliarandpersonaltouchbutcanbecostlyandlessenvironmentallyfriendly.Thechoicebetweendigitalandtraditionalmenusisnotjustaboutkeepingupwithatrendbutaboutfindingtherightbalancethatisconsistentwiththerestaurant’svaluesandtheprogressingexpectationsofdiners.(数字菜单提供了许多优势。然而，它们也需要对技术进行初始投资，可能不适合所有类型的餐馆或顾客。另一方面，传统菜单提供了一种熟悉和个性化的感觉，但价格昂贵，环保性较差。在数字菜单和传统菜单之间做出选择不仅是为了跟上趋势，也是为了找到与餐厅价值观和食客不断进步的期望相一致的正确平衡)”可知，最后一段的目的是探索选择数字菜单和传统菜单的不同因素。故选B。DTherecent“Willy’sChocolateExperience”inGlasgow,UK,broughtchildrentotears,angeredparentsandamusedpeoplewhoreadaboutit.Afterseeingonlineadvertisingforanevent,peoplepaid£35eachtoattend.Butitwasn’taspromised:insteadofexceptionalcreationsandaplentyofchocolate,familiesarrivedatamostlyabandonedwarehousefeaturingasad-lookingcastleandconfusedactors.Itturnedoutthatthemarketingmaterials-andtheactors’scripts-weregeneratedbyAI.Thisarousedaquestion:intheeraofAI,howcanwetellwhetherwearebeingtricked?Thereisanarmsracegoingoninthedigitalworld.Butthecompetitionbetweendeception(欺骗)andhonestyisasoldaslifeonEarth.Disinformationcertainlyhasbeenaroundpriortotheexistenceofhumans.Cancercells,forinstance,tricktheimmunesystemsothattheycan’tberemovedifourbodycan’ttellfriendfromenemy.Beyondthis,cuckooslaytheireggsinthenestsofotherbirdsandcheatedthemintoraisingtheyoungofcuckoosattheexpenseoftheirown.Morecomplexarecaseswhereacertainkindofmonkeymaymakeasharpcryasthoughahunterisnearbytotricktheirfellowmonkeysintorunningawayfromfoodsothattheycantakethefoodthemselves.ThislinkstowhatisknowninbiologyastheRedQueenhypothesis(假说),aconceptinspiredbyAliceinWonderland,wheretheRedQueentellsAlice,“Now,here,yousee,ittakesalltherunningyoucando,tokeepinthesameplace.”Thiseffectreferstoacasewheretwospeciescontinuallycompetetooutsmarteachother.Ineachconflict,anewstrategybyonepartyforcestheothertoadapt-orfaceexclusioninthecoldgameofnaturalselection.Disinformationtodayisamorecomplexcaseinpoint.Theonlydifferenceisthelevelofcomplexityandthenumberofpeopleinvolved.Thegoodnewsisthatweknowenoughaboutevolutionarythinkingtopredictwhichstepsbadactorswilltakenext.Wejustneedtouseourunderstandingofevolutionarybiologytomaketrapsofourown-disinformationtraps.Armedwithknowledge,wecandefeatdisinformation.27.Whatwastheoutcomeofthe“Willy’sChocolateExperience”event?A.Asourceoffunwithamusingactors.B.Afailurewitheverythingunsatisfying.C.Afeastwithmanychocolatecreations.D.AhugesuccesswiththeassistanceofAI.28.Whydoesthearticlementioncancercells,cuckoos,andmonkeys?A.Toshowexamplesofnaturaldisinformation.B.Toclaimdisinformationasanewhumanissue.C.Tohighlightbiodiversityandsurvivalmethods.D.Tocomparedeceptionandintelligenceinspecies.29.WhatdoestheRedQueenhypothesisassume?A.Speciesadoptasinglestrategytoevolve.B.Specieshavetorunquicklytoavoidexclusion.C.Speciesevolvethroughcompetitionforshelters.D.Speciesevolveconstantlytokeeppacewithothers.30.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Honesty:ABattleLostintheModernWorldB.Disinformation:AnEvolutionaryArmsRaceC.RedQueen’sRace:DeceptionandAdaptationD.ArtificialIntelligence:TheFutureofDeception【答案】27.B28.A29.D30.B【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了虚假信息存在已久，并在不断进化。虽然在人工智能时代虚假信息更加复杂，但我们可以根据我们对进化生物学的理解，从进化思维角度来预测下一步，从而打败虚假信息。【27题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Therecent“Willy’sChocolateExperience”inGlasgow,UK,broughtchildrentotears,angeredparentsandamusedpeoplewhoreadaboutit.Afterseeingonlineadvertisingforanevent,peoplepaid£35eachtoattend.Butitwasn’taspromised:insteadofexceptionalcreationsandaplentyofchocolate,familiesarrivedatamostlyabandonedwarehousefeaturingasad-lookingcastleandconfusedactors.(最近在英国格拉斯哥举行的“威利巧克力体验”让孩子们流下了眼泪，激怒了父母，也逗乐了读到这件事的人。在看到活动的在线广告后，人们每人支付了35英镑参加。但这并没有像承诺的那样：一家人来到了一个几乎废弃的仓库，里面有一座看起来很悲伤的城堡和困惑的演员，而不是非凡的创作和大量的巧克力。)”可知，“威利巧克力体验”与人们的期望不符，让家长和孩子们不满意。故选B。【28题详析】推理判断题。根据和第三段“Cancercells,forinstance,tricktheimmunesystemsothattheycan’tberemovedifourbodycan’ttellfriendfromenemy.Beyondthis,cuckooslaytheireggsinthenestsofotherbirdsandcheatedthemintoraisingtheyoungofcuckoosattheexpenseoftheirown.Morecomplexarecaseswhereacertainkindofmonkeymaymakeasharpcryasthoughahunterisnearbytotricktheirfellowmonkeysintorunningawayfromfoodsothattheycantakethefoodthemselves.(例如，癌细胞欺骗免疫系统，如果我们的身体不能分辨敌友，它们就无法被清除。除此之外，杜鹃在其他鸟类的巢穴中产卵，并欺骗它们以牺牲自己的卵为代价来养育杜鹃的幼儿。更复杂的情况是，某种猴子可能会发出尖锐的叫声，就好像附近有猎人一样，从而欺骗它们的同伴逃离食物，这样它们就可以自己拿走食物。)”可推知，本段列举了癌细胞、杜鹃、猴子的欺骗行为，这是为了讲述自然界中的虚假信息。故选A。【29题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ThislinkstowhatisknowninbiologyastheRedQueenhypothesis(假说),aconceptinspiredbyAliceinWonderland,wheretheRedQueentellsAlice,“Now,here,yousee,ittakesalltherunningyoucando,tokeepinthesameplace.”Thiseffectreferstoacasewheretwospeciescontinuallycompetetooutsmarteachother.(这与生物学中所谓的红皇后假说有关，这是一个受《爱丽丝梦游仙境》启发的概念，红皇后告诉爱丽丝，“现在，你看，在这里，你需要尽你所能才能保持在同一个地方。”这种效果指的是两个物种不断竞争以智胜对方的情况。)”可推测出，红皇后假说认为物种需要不断进化才能与其他物种保持一致。故选D。【30题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Thereisanarmsracegoingoninthedigitalworld.Butthecompetitionbetweendeception(欺骗)andhonestyisasoldaslifeonEarth.Disinformationcertainlyhasbeenaroundpriortotheexistenceofhumans.(数字世界正在进行军备竞赛。但欺骗和诚实之间的竞争与地球上的生命一样古老。虚假信息在人类存在之前就已经存在了。)”、文中多次提到的disinformation以及最后一段中的“Disinformationtodayisamorecomplexcaseinpoint.Theonlydifferenceisthelevelofcomplexityandthenumberofpeopleinvolved.Thegoodnewsisthatweknowenoughaboutevolutionarythinkingtopredictwhichstepsbadactorswilltakenext.Wejustneedtouseourunderstandingofevolutionarybiologytomaketrapsofourown-disinformationtraps.(今天的虚假信息更复杂。唯一的区别是复杂性和涉及的人数。好消息是，我们对进化思维有足够的了解，可以预测坏人接下来会采取哪些步骤。我们只需要利用我们对进化生物学的理解来制造我们自己的陷阱——虚假信息陷阱。)”可知，本文围绕虚假信息展开，主要讲述了虚假信息存在已久，并且在不断进化，由此可推测出，B项“虚假信息：一场不断进化的军备竞赛”最适合作本文标题。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。Whiletravellingalonecanbeanenlighteningexperience,itcanbeincrediblyoverwhelmingtoleavehomeandheadintothebigwideworldwithjustyouandyourbackpack.____31____Butwhatkindofpersonshouldweanticipate?Apersonwithoppositecharacteristicsmayincreasetheenjoymentofyourtrip’sduration.MybestfriendandIarefartooalike.Welovethesamefood,musicandbothlovetotravel.____32____Webothhatemakingdecisionsandarepoorwithmoney.Thisisarecipefordisaster.Mytravelpartner,ontheotherhand,isthetotaloppositeofme.Helovestoplanandbudgetsarehisbestfriend.Thisiswhywemakesuchagreattravelteam.____33____Youwillmakememoriesandshareexperiencesthatwilllastalifetime.However,travellingtheworldtogetherwon’tbesun-kisseddaysandpicture-perfectmomentsallthetime.Therewillbeflightdelays,homesickness…evenactualsickness.Toresolvethemquicklyandfairly,youtwoneedtobeonthesamewavelength.Putmoresimply,it’simportanttofindatravelbuddywhocommunicatesopenly.AlthoughI’veenjoyedtravelingwithmypartnerforoveradecade,Icanadmitthatfriendshipfatigue(疲劳)isreal.Youwilllongforsomealonetimeeventuallyasitistiringspending24/7withanotherhuman,regardlessofhowmuchyouloveandrespecthim/her.____34____Makesureyoufindatravelbuddywhounderstandsthis.Withatravelcompanion,notonlywillyousavemoneybutiti