考博英语模拟试卷68

考博英语模拟试卷68

一、词汇（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

1、TheladydressedinthelatestParisfashionisinherappearancebutrudein

herspeech.

A、elaborate

B>excessive

C、elegant

D、exaggerated

标准答案：C

知识点解析：elegant文雅的，端庄的。elaborate精心制作的，详细阐述的。

excessive过度的，额外的。exaggerated夸大的,夸张的。

2、Youneedtorewritethissentencebecauseitis.Thereaderswillhave

difficultyinunderstandingit.

A^comprehensive

B、alternative

C、deliberate

D^ambiguous

标准答案：D

知识点解析：ambiguous含糊的，不明确的。comprehensive全面的，广泛的。

akernative两者择一的，另类的。deliberate深思熟虑的；蓄意的。

3、Asaaulur,hecanperfonn,sing,danceandplayseveralkindsufmusical

instruments.

A、flexible

versatile

C、sophisticated

D、productive

标准答案：B

知识点解析：versatile多才多艺的，有多种技能的。flexible灵活的，可融通的。

sophisticaled诡辩的，久经世故的。produclive多产的。

4、TherearenotmanyteacherswhoarestrongoftraditionalmethodsinEnglish

teaching.

A、sponsors

contributors

C、advocates

D、performers

标准答案：C

知识点解析：advocate拥护者，提倡者。sponsor赞助人，担保人。contributor捐助

者，撰稿人。performer表演者。

5、Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen,dreamactivitymaybeprovoked

byexternalinfluence.

A^spontaneously

simultaneously

C、homogeneously

D、instantaneously

标准答案：A

知识点解析：spontaneously自然发生地，自发地。simultaneously同时地。

homogeneously同类地，类似地。instantaneously即刻地，瞬间地。

6、Heisholdingapositioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.

A、subordinate

B、succeeding

Cxsuccessive

D、subsequent

标准答案：A

知识点解析：subordinate次要的，.下级的。succeeding以后的，随后的。

successive继承的，连续的。subsequent后来的。

7、Anyonewhodoesnotspeakthenativelanguage,ChineseorEnglish,willbe

accompaniedbyatranslator.

A^beingit

B、itbeing

C、isit

D^beit

标准答案：A

知识点解析：beingit现在分词短语做条件状语。

8、Thisisanidealsiteforauniversityitisfarfromthedowntownarea.

A、providedthat

B、nowthat

C^sothat

D、inthat

标准答案：D

知识点解析：inthat因为，由于。providedthat只要。nowthat既然。sothat为了,

目的是。

9、Itisessentialthatyouyourstudyhabitsifyouexpecttodowellincollege.

A、changed

change

C、changing

D、willchange

标准答案：B

知识点解析：It'sessential/nccessarythat...结构中，that从句需用虚拟语气

(should)doo

10>Thosewhotheweatherasaconventionalopeningseemtobeignorantofthe

reasonwhyhumanbeingswishtotalk.

A、dispose

dispatch

C、dismiss

D、despise

标准答案：A

知识点解析:dispose布置,安排。dispatch派遣，调遣。dismiss不考虑，摒弃。

despise轻视，鄙视。

11、TheUnitedStates(hassent)severalspacecraft*)intoorbits(aroundtheearth)and

hascollectedalotof(information).

A、hassent

B、spacecrafts

C^aroundtheearth

D、information

标准答案：A

知识点解析：改为sent。一般过去时陈述过去发生的事情。

12^Hehadaseriouscar(accident)lastweekand(broke)hisleftlegbecausehegot

(drunk)anddrovetoo(fastly).

A、accident

B、broke

C、drunk

D、fastly

标准答案：D

知识点解析：改为fasi。fast本身既可做形容词也可做副词。

13、(Likeexpected),experimental(studies)showthatweshouldneitherrunnorscream

when(encountering)afierceanimal(like)alion.

Likeexpected

B、studies

C^encountering

D、like

标准答案：A

C、deaths

D^crowdedcities

标准答案：A

知识点解析：改为al。atthestageo「在…阶段。

19、Treatingoldfolks(kind),inmyopinion,is(moreaquestion)of(civilized)

behaviour(as)goodmanners.

A、kind

moreaquestion

C、civilized

D、as

标准答案：D

知识点解析：改为than。构成more...than结构，意为“与其…，倒不如…”。

20、SichuanUniversityhasnotonly(avarietyof)departments(but)alarge(student

body)(consistingin)manypeoplefromdifferentcountriesallovertheworld.

A、avarietyof

B、but

C^studentbody

D^consistingin

标准答案：D

知识点解析：改为consistingof。由…组成。

二、阅读理解(本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。)

ThreeEnglishdictionariespublishedrecentlyalllayclaimtopossessinga"new"feature.

TheBBCEnglishDictionary,containsbackgroundinformationon1,000peopleand

placesprominentinthenewssince1988;theOxfordAdvancedLearnerDictionary

EncyclopedicEditionistheOALDplusencyclopedicentries;theLongmanDictionaryof

EnglishLanguageandCultureistheLDOELplusculturalinformation.Thekeyfactis

thatallthreedictionariescanbeseentohaveadistinctly"cultural"aswellaslanguage

learningcontent.Thatbeingsaid,thewayinwhichtheyapproachtheculturalelementis

notidentical,makingdirectcomparisonsbetweenthethreedifficult.Whilethereissome

commongroundbetweentheencyclopedic:culturalentriesfbrtheOxfordandLongman

dictionaries,thereisacleardifference.Oxfordlaysclaimtobeingencyclopedicon

contentwhereasLongmandistinctlyconcentratesonthelanguageandcultureofthe

English-speakingworld.TheOxforddictionarycanthereforestandmorevigorous

scrutinyforculturalbiasthantheLongmanpublicationbecausethelatterdoesnot

hesitateaboutviewingtherestoftheworldfromtheculturalperspectivesoftheEnglish-

speakingworld.TheculturalobjectivesoftheBBCdictionaryareinturnmoredistinct

still.Basedonananalysisofover70millionwordsrecordedfromtheBBCWorld

ServiceandNationalPublicRadioofWashingtonoveraperiodoffouryears,their1,000

briefencyclopedicentriesarebasedonpeopleandplacesthathavefeaturedinthenews

recently.TheintendedusertheyhaveinmindisaregularlistenertotheWorldService

whowillhaveareasonablestandardofEnglishandadevelopedskillinlistening

comprehension.Inreality,though,theBBCdictionarywillbepurchasedbyafarwider

rangeoflanguagelearners,aswilltheothertwodictionaries.Wewillbefacedwitha

situationwheremanyoftheusersofthesedictionarieswillattheveryleasthavedistinct

socio-culturalperspectivesandmayhaveworldviewswhicharetotallyopposedand

evenhostiletothoseoftheWest.Advancedlearnersfromthiskindofbackgroundwill

notonlyevalueadictionaryonhowuser-friendlyitisbutwillalsohavedefiniteviews

aboutthescopeandappropriatenessofthevarioussocio-culturalentries.

21、Whatfeaturesetsapartthethreedictionariesdiscussedinthepassagefrom

traditionalones?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第一段作者列举了三种字典各自宣扬的自己的新特点，第二段首句作

者对■使他们各异的特点进行概括：allthreedictionariescanbeseentohaveadistinctly

"cultural"aswellaslanguagelearningcontent,选项C正确。

22、TheLongmandictionaryismorelikelytobecriticizedforculturalprejudicebecause

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文中第三段在讲述Oxford和Longman这两种字典的差别时提到

Longmandistinctlyconcentrateson...oftheEnglish-speakingworlddoesnot

hesitateabout...fromthe...English-speakingworld,可以判断Longman更

有文化偏见的嫌疑是因为它从英语国家的角度看待世界其他国家。

23、TheBBCdictionarydiffersfromOxfordandLongmaninthat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文中第三段讲述BBCdictionary时，说它主要是从最近的新闻中选取

单词，而II它预想的使用者是aregularlistenertoiheWorldService,可知BBC

dictionary的独特之处在于它主要是面向新闻广播听众。

24Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatinapproachingsocio-culturalcontentina

dictionary,specialthoughtshouldbegivento.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:最后一段提到很多使用者havedistinctsocio-culturalperspectives,甚

至是hostiletoworldviewsoftheWest,可以判断在编排socio-culluralcontent时要

注意不同文化背景的使用者。

25、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本文讲了三种字典各自的culturalfealures,选项A表述符合文意。

ToliveintheUnitedStatestodayistogainanappreciationforDahrcndorfsassertion

thatsocialchangeexistseverywhere.Technology,theapplicationofknowledgefor

practicalends,isamajorsourceofsocialchange.Yetwewoulddowelltoremind

ourselvesthattechnologyisahumancreation:itdoesnotexistnaturally.Aspearora

robotisasmuchaculturalasaphysicalobject.Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameor

arobottoproducemachineparts,neitherismuchmorethanasolidmassofmatter.Fora

birdlookingforanobjectonwhichtorest,aspearorrobotservesthepurposeequally

wellTheexplosionoftheChallengerspaceshuttleandtheRussiannuclearaccidentat

Chernobyldrivehomethehumanqualityoftechnology:theyprovidecasesinwhich

wcll-plancdsystemssuddenlywenthaywireandtherewasnoreadyhandtosetthem

right.Sincetechnologyisahumancreation,weareresponsiblefbrwhatisdonewithit.

Pessimistsworrythatwewilluseourtechnologyeventuallytoblowourworldand

ourselvestopieces.Buttheyhavebeensayingthisfbrdecades,andsofarwehave

managedtosurviveandevenflourish.Whetherwewillcontinuetodosointheyearsa

headremainsuncertain.Clearly,theimpactoftechnologyonourlivesdeservesacloser

examination.Fewtechnologicaldevelopmentshavehadagreaterimpactonourlives

thanthecomputerrevolution.Scientistsandengineershavedesignedspecialized

machinesthatcandothetasksthatonceonlypeoplecculddo.Therearethosewhoassert

thattheswitchtoaninfbrmation-basedeconomyisinfilesamecampasothergreat

historicalmilestones,particularlytheIndustrialRevolution.Yetwhenweaskwhythe

IndustrialRevolutionwasarevolution,wefindthatitwasnotfilemachines.Theprimary

reasonwhyitwasrevolutionaryisthatitledtogreatsocialchange.Itgaverisetomass

production,andthroughmassproduction,toasociety,inwhichwealthwasnotconfined

tothefew.Insomewhatsimilarfashion,computerspromisetorevolutionizethestructure

ofAmericanlife,particularlyastheyfreethehumanmindandopennewpossibilitiesin

knowledgeandcommunication.TheindustrialRevolutionsupplementedandreplacedthe

musclesofhumansandanimalsbymechanicalmethods.Thecomputerextendsthis

developmenttosupplementandreplacesomeaspectsofthemindofhumanbeingsby

electronicmethods,itisthecapacityofthecomputerforsolvingproblemsandmaking

decisionsthatrepresentsitsgreatestpotentialandthatposesthegreatestdifficultiesin

predictingtheimpactonsociety.

26、Aspearorarobothasthequalityoftechnologyonlywhenit.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第二段说Untilhumansuseaspeartohuntgameorarobottoproduce

machineparts,表明只有在它们被赋予一定的用途时，才会有实际意义。选项C符

合。

27、TheexamplesoftheChallengerandChernobylcitedbytheauthorservetoshow

that.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第三段讲到这两个人类发明失事的例子时指出完美设计的系统突然出

故障，人类却无法挽回，是想证明后文的lechnologyisahumancreation,weare

responsibleforwhatisdonewithit,选项B符合。

28、Accordingtotheauthor,theintroductionofthecomputerisarevolutionmainly

because.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文中第三段阐述计算机的出现具有革命性，作者给出原因The

primaryreason...isthatitledtogreatsocialchange,选项D它对社会有着巨大的

潜在影响，符合文意。

29、Byusingthephrasethehumanqualityoftechnology(Para.2),theauthorrefersto

thefactthattechnology.

标准答案：B

知识点解析•：木句指的是技术和人类有着某些共同点，能够创造，但是对一些运行

中的失误却不能setthemrighl,选项B正确。

30、Thepassageisbasedontheauthor,s.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本文作者客观阐述了technology的特点，带来便利时丁也有些危险。

选项A正确。选项B、D说作者夸大了技术的消极影响，不正确，选项C只是作

者阐述技术发展的例证，不全面。

ItissaidthatthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptivepackagingrumpus

startedbecauseSenatorHartdiscoveredthattheboxesofcerealsconsumedbyhim,Mrs.

Hartandtheirchildrenwerebecominghigherandnarrower,withadeclineofnetweight

from12to10.5ounces,withoutanyreductioninprice.Therewerestilltwelvebiscuits,

buttheyhadbeenreducedinsize.Later,theSenatorrightlycomplainedofastore-bought

pieinahandsomelyillustratedboxthatpictured,inasingleslice,almostasmany

cherriesastherewereinthewholepie.Themanufacturerwhoincreasestheunitpriceof

hisproductbychanginghispackagesizetolowerthequantitydeliveredcan,without

unduehardship,puthisproductintoboxes,bags,andtinsthatwillcontaineven4-ouncc,

8-ounce,one-pound,two-poundquantitiesofbreakfastfoods,cakemixes,etc.Astudyof

drugstoreandsupermarketshelveswillconvinceanyobserverthatallpossiblesizesand

shapesofboxes,jars,bottles,andtinsareinuseatthesametime,andasthepackage

journalsshow,weekbyweek,thereisneveranyhesitationinintroducinganewsizeand

shapeofboxorbottlewhenitaidsinproductdifferentiation.Theproducersofpackaged

productsarguestronglyagainstchangingsizesofpackagestocontainevenweightsand

volumes,butnooneinthetradecommentsunfavorablyonthehugecostsincurredby

endlesschangesofpackagesizes,materials,shape,artwork,andnetweightsthatare

usedforimprovingaproduct'smarketposition.Whenapackagingexpertexplainedthat

bewasabletomultiplythepriceofhardsweetsby$2.5,from$1to$2.5bychangingto

afancyjar,orthathehadmadea5-ouncebottlelookasthoughitheld8ounces,hewas

ineffecttellingthepublicthatpackagingcanbeaveryexpensiveluxury.Itevidently

doescomehigh,whenanaveragefamilypaysabout$200ayearforbottles,cans,boxes,

jarsandothercontainers,mostofwhichcan'tbeusedforanythingbutstuffingthe

garbagecan.

31、WhatstartedthepublicandConfessionalconcernaboutdeceptivepackaging

rumpus?

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第一段(hepublicandCongressionalconcern...startedbecause

SenatorHartdiscoveredthattheboxesofcereals可知，答案为C项。

32、Theword"undue"(LinePara.2)means"

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第二段说一些商家通过改变包装减少产品份量获利的行为能够成功，

withoutunduehardship,可推断指的是不需要经历太多困难，undue指的是

excessive过度的。

33Consumersareconcernedaboutthechangesinpackagesize,mainlybecause

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从文中第一段Senalor描述的包装变亿，netweightdeclined,without

anyreductioninprice,可以看出包装变化后，消费者所要支付的价钱相对增加，这

才是消费者关心包装变化的原因。

34、Accordingtothispassage,varioustypesofpackagingcomeintoexistenceto

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从第二段changesofpackagesizes...usedfbrimprovingaproduct's

marketposition,可以判断不同类型包装的出现是为了巩固产品的市场地位，选项

C正确。

35、Theauthoriscriticalmainlyof.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：作者主要讲的是商家通过改变包装大小，欺骗消费者，选项A不诚

实包装，正确。选项B劣质包装，没有提到，C包装大小变化，D包装图像夸大了

实物，都是不诚实包装的内容。

Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonelimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreath

emanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.

Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreath

aboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurable

condition.Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.Ourmouth

arefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemit

evilsmellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide.Mouthbacteriathrivein

airlessconditions.Oxygenrichsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,for

example,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfideproducingbacteriagaintheupperhand,

producingclassic"morningbreath'1.Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathing

throughthemouthduringexercise-anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.So

canstress,thoughit'snounderstoodwhy.Somepeople*sbreathturnssoureverytime

theygoonajobinterview.Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhythe

elderlyhavemorebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,who

makeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahave

characteristicallysweetbreath.Formostofus,thesimpledry-mouthvarietyofbad

breathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthe

bacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatit

helpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteeth

wipesoutdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.

Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbad-breath

odorwithitsownsmellbuttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashes

claimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleis,theydon'tnecessarily

reachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthick

layersofmucus.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol-asmostdo-itcanintensifythe

problembydryingoutthemouth.

36、Thephrase"eniaiialefrum"inParagraph1mustprobablyineaiis"

标准答案：C

知识点词析：原句意思是“大多数情况下，难闻的味道来白口腔内的细菌”。

emanatefrom发源于,来自于,选项C意思符合。

37、Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?

标准答案：D

知识点解析：作者在第三段提到了引起badbreath的原因有Alcohol,hunger,too

muchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise,Socanstress,选项D符

合。选项C过量锻炼，不是原因，而是锻炼时用嘴呼吸而使嘴发干，从而导致bad

breath。

38、Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainly

because.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文中第三段说Badbreathcanhappenv/heneverthenormalflowofsaliva

slows,第四段说anylhing（包含前文提至U的alcohol）thatdriesthemouthproducesbad

breath,可推断饮酒会影响唾液的正常流动，因此导致badbreath,选项D正确。

39、Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文中最后一段在讲述mouthwashes不是好的解决方法时提到The

troubleis,theydon'tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms,选项B符合文意。

40>Wecaninferfromthispassagethat.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:文中第六段说Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,theelderlyhave

morebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo,这是老龄必然带来的结果，因此老

年人不会因为这些感到不快。

Imagineaworldinwhichthereweresuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhuman

beingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequences

ofsuchatransformation.People'mightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynor

pleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemas

actsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperience

becausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoon

disappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.

Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecould

benomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.

Society'seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwould

benomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,there

wouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacity,to

enjoythem.Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenext

tozero,becausecmotionsarcthebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.

Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorize

objectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trueweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,

butanobject'sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous-

hurtns,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredby

emotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotional

experienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertain

thingsandactionsarc"good"andothersarc"bad",andweapplythesecategoriesto

everyaspectofoursociallife-fromwhatfoodswecatandwhatclotheswewear-tohow

wekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsour

emotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearand

greed,inordertomaintainitself,hgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperform

importanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerous

achievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenalsystem

tomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

41、Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionis

that.

标准答案：B

多识点解析：第一段阐述了人们不能在没有情感的世界生存，原因是人们不知道欢

乐痛苦，不知道忧虑恐惧theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasacts

thatwerebeneficial,选项B正确。

42、Accordingtothepassage,people*slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第一段解释了在没有情感的世界里人们不能学习的原因theycouldnot

benefitfromexperience...lackrewardsandpunishments,由此可以判断人们学习

成为可能性的原因是他们能够从正确的行为中得到回报。

43、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyis

dependenton.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第一段说社会经济支柱也会受到影响是因为earningS10millionwould

benomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork,选项C符

合文意。

44、Emotionsaresignificantforman'ssurvivalandadaptationbecause.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：第二段说情感对人类的生存适应具有重大意义，因为从中产生出一种

asocialfeelingofagreement,而这些又使社会能够maintainitself,选项B符合。

45、Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsin

thatthey.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文中第二段后半部分列举了emotionalaspects的意义、作用，选项

B、C的内容都包含在内，即情感能使人们调整自己的行为以适应周遭环境。

Themorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksofmanagementthemore

theyseemtowanttotalkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid.The

newcomersalsotendtoseeofficematterswithafresheye.Intheprocesssometimes

comingupwithcriticalanalysesoftheforcesthatshapeeveryoneexperienceinthe

organization.ConsiderthenovelviewsofHarveyColemanofAtlantaonthesubjectof

gettingahead.Colemanisblack.Hespent11yearswithIBM;halfofthemworkingin

managementdevelopment,andnowservesasaconsultant,tothelikesofAT&Coca-

Cola.PrudentialandMerchColemansaysthatbasedonwhathe*sseenatbigcompanies,

heweighsthedifferentelementsthatmakeforlong-termcareersuccessasfollows:

performancecountsamere10%;image30%;andexposure,afull60%.Coleman

concludesthatexcellentjobperformanceissocommonthesedaysthatwhiledoingyour

workwellmaywinyoupayincreases,itwon'tsecureyouthebigpromotion.Hefinds

thatadvancementmoreoftendependsonhowmanypeopleknowyouandyourwork,

andhowhighuptheyare.Ridiculousbeliefs?Nottomanypeople,especiallymany

womenandmembersofminorityraceswholikeColemanfeelthatthescaleshave

droppedfromtheireyes."Womenandblacksinorganizationsworkunderfalsebeliefs,"

saysKaleelJamison,aNewYork-basedmanagementconsultantwhohelpscorporations

dealwiththeseissues."Theythinkthatifyouworkhard,you'llgetahead-thatsomeone

inauthoritywillreachdownandgiveyouapromotion."Sheadds,"Mostwomenand

blacksaresofrightenedthatpeoplewillthinkthey*yegottenaheadbecauseoftheirsex

orcolorthattheyplaydowntheirvisibility."Heradvicetothosefolks:learntheways

thatwhitemaleshavetraditionallyusedtofindtheirwayintothespotlight.

46、Accordingtothepassage,"thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid"(LinePara,

t)probablyrefersto"

标准答案：B

知识点解析：其他三项可明显被排除。

47Toachievesuccessinyourcareer,themostimportantfactor,accordingtothe

passage,isto.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第三段最后一句Coleman发现“提升更多地是靠有多少人了解你和你

的工作，这些人职位有多高“，第四段KaleelJamison也提到Theythinkthatif>ou

workhard,you511getahead..,此处they指的是“卜.级”，所以A项正确。

48、Thereasonwhywomenandblacksplaydowntheirvisibilityisthatthey.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从最后一段Kaleel说的Mostwomenandblacks...becauseoftheir

sexorcolorthattheyplaydowntheirvisibility可以判断妇女和有色人种减少their

visibility是因为不想让人们认为得到晋升是性别和肤色缘故。

49、TheauthorisoftheopinionthatColeman'sbeliefsare.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：作者在第三段阐述了Coleman的观点后，在第四段紧接着说tomany

peopleit^notridiculous,表明他的观点为人们普遍接受，选项B正确。

50Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本文主要讲一些womenandminorities因为其肤色和性别的担心而在

工作中playdowntheirvisibility,作者引用了一些专家的话和例子说明事业成功的

最重要因爰，并建议应像whitemalesinlothespollighl那样展示自己，B项最符合

文意。

三、汉译英（本题共5题，每题分，共5分。）

51、我要表达的观点是，作为当代的大学生，我们必须极为尊重知识，尤其是尊重

对知识的追求，并非常重视传统、社会的约束和连续性。

标准答案：WhatIwanttosayisthat,ascontemporarycollegestudents,wemustshow

highrespectforknowledge,especiallyforritepursuitofit,andwemustthinkhighlyof

theobligationandconsistenceoftraditionandsociety.

知识点解析：暂无解析

52、表面上，男人对妇女的能力所做的评论听起来似乎是令人开心的。人们每天都

在重复讲述妇女驾驶员的陈腐笑话。这种表面上的开心，显然不能掩饰男人对女人

的真正蔑视。无论男人对女人怎样嗤之以鼻，他们自我宣传的优越感并没有为统计

资料所证明。

标准答案：Onthesurface,thecommentsonwomen'$abilitybymensoundpleasant.

Peoplerepeatthejokesofwomendriverseveryday.Thesuperficialpleasureapparently

cannotdisguisemen'sinherentdisparagetowardwomen.Nomatterhowmenlookdown

uponwomen,thesuperioritytheydeclareisnotverifiedinthestatistics.

知识点解析：暂无解析

53、现代人是在陶醉于电视的状态中成长的。他们耽搁了吃饭，不做家务，牺牲了

睡眠时间。电视是普天下的安静剂。母亲为了哄孩子们不哭闹，往往把他们往电视

机前一放，而不管他们所看的电视节UI的内容是什么——只要他们保持安静就行

了。

标准答案：ThemodernpeoplegrowupinebriatedinTV.Theydelaythemeal,leavethe

houseworkundone,andsacrificethesleeptime.Televisionisauniversalpillfor

quietness.Tomakechildrenquiet,mothersputthembeforethetelevision,notcaring

aboutwhatprogramstheywatch,onlyiftheycankeepquiet.

知识点解析：暂无解析

54、为什么要实行男女同校的教育呢?想一下下面的这个问题你就会明白了：假如

有人叫你在全部由同性组成的社会里生活十二年的时间，你会有什么样的反应呢？

至少可以这样说：你不会太乐意，除非你有点不正常。

标准答案：Whydowecarryoutthemixedgendereducation?Youwillunderstanditby

aquickthinkofthefollowingquestion:ifyou'rerequiredtoliveinasocietyconsistsof

thesamesexfortwelveyears,whatkindofreactiondoyougive?Atleastwccantellthat

youarenotwillingto,unlessyouareabitabnormal.

知识点解析：暂无解析

55、野营乐趣无穷——特别是如果你合家野营的时候。在旅馆沉闷的房间里徘徊，

思忖着他们会给你送来叶么样的饭菜，是一桩令人烦心的事儿。形成鲜明的对比的

是，来到一个野营地支起帐篷，开始做饭的时候，简直是兴奋无比。

标准答案：Campingiswithendlessfun,especiallywhenthewholefamilygocamping.

Ifsboringtowanderinthedepressinghotelroom,thinkingofwhatkindoffoodthey

willsupply.Onthecontrary,puttingupacampintheopenair,whenstartcookingthe

meal,youwillgetextremelyexcited.

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、英译汉（本题共1题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

56、Theauthorityofscience,whichisrecognizedbymostphilosophersofthemodern

epoch,isaverydifferentthingfromtheauthorityoftheChurch,sinceitisintellectual,

notgovernmental.Nopenaltiesfalluponthosewhorejectit;noprudentialarguments

influencethosewhoacceptit.Itprevailssolelybyitsintrinsicappealtoreason.Itis,

moreover,apiecemealandpartialauthority;itdoesnot,likethebodyofCatholicdogma,

laydownacompletesystem,coveringhumanmorality,humanhopes,andthepastand

futurehistoryoftheuniverse.Itpronouncesonlyonwhatever,atthetime,appearsto

havebeenscientificallyascertained,whichisasmallislandinanoceanotnescience

科学）.Thereisyetanotherdifferencefromecclesiasticalauthority,whichdeclaresits

pronouncementstobeabsolutelycertainandeternallyunalterable;thepronouncementsof

sciencearemadetentativelyonabasisofprobability,andareregardedasliableto

modification.Thisproducesatemperofmindverydifferent