考研英语模拟试卷348

考研英语模拟试卷348

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Moreandmoreofusare(1)theTVnetworks.That'snotnews,ofcourse;there

havebeencountlessstoriesontheir(2)audience.ButIdidn'trealizehowfarout!

haddropped(3)IglancedattheNielsenratingsofthetop71shows.Ofthose71

programs,Ihadnotwatched(4)one.(5),IcouldcountonlyfivethatIhad

everseeninmyentirelife.Andofthosefive,thereisn'toneIwatch(6).Despiteits

popularity,Idon'tlikehappyfamilyshows.They're(7).IfIwatchafamilyshow,I

prefersomethinglifelike,suchas"Death'ofaSalesman.*'(8)thesecond-rated

program,"ADifferentWorld,"I'veneverheardofit.IfIwanttoseeadifferent(9),

I'lldrivetothewestsideofChicago.I(10)watch"Cheers,"whichisstill

(II)thetopten,butgaveitupafterDianaleftandSambeganlustingaftera

career-crazedyuppie.AmItheonlypersoninAmericawhohasneverwatchedasegment

of"Dallas"?Awhileago,Irecallsomebodyimportantwaskilledonthe"last(12)

oftheseasonandalmosteverybodyinAmericawascaaghtupinthehype.Iwatched

wrestlingthatnight;I'llbettheactingwas(13).It'snot(14)I'msnobbish一I

enjoyTV(15)asmuchasthenextslob.Butthe(16)oftrulytrashytrashhas

declined.IwasoneofthefirstwritersinAmericatorecognizethegreatnessofRobin

Leachrs"LifestylesoftheRichandFamous.1'So,whatdoIwatch?Istillturntothe

networks,(17)Ihavelearnedtoexploitandcheatthem.Forexample,Ilike

football,butseldomwatchit(18).Instead,I(19)itandlaterplayitbackan

myVCR,fast-forwardingthroughallthecommercials,theannouncers'babble,thehalf­

timedrivelandeventhehuddles.Ialsowatchedmovies,butonlyonsomecable

channels,(20)thenetworks.

1、Moreandmoreofusare(1)theTVnetworks.That'snotnews,ofcourse;

therehavebeencountlessstoriesontheir(2)audience.ButIdidn'trealizehowfar

out!haddropped(3)IglancedattheNielsenratingsofthetop71shows.Ofthose

71programs,Ihadnotwatched(4)one.(5),IcouldcountonlyfivethatI

hadeverseeninmyentirelife.Andofthosefive,thereisn'toneIwatch(6).

Despiteitspopularity,Idon'tlikehappyfamilyshows.They're(7).IfIwatcha

familyshow,Iprefersomethinglifelike,suchas"Death1ofaSalesman."(8)the

second-ratedprogram,"ADifferentWorld,"Tvcneverheardofit.If1wanttoseea

different(9),FildrivetothewestsideofChicago.I(10)watch11Cheers,n

whichisstill(11)thetopten,butgaveitupafterDianaleftandSambeganlusting

afteracaieer-crazedyuppie.AinItheonlypersoninAmericawhohasneverwatcheda

segmentof"Dallas"?Awhileago,Irecallsomebodyimportantwaskilledonthe"last

(12)oftheseasonandalmosteverybodyinAmericawascaughtupinthehype.I

watchedwrestlingthatnight;Tilbettheactingwas(13).It'snot(14)I'm

snobbish—IenjoyTV(15)asmuchasthenextslob.Butthe(16)oftruly

trashytrashhasdeclined.IwasoneofthefirstwritersinAmericatorecognizethe

greatnessofRobinLeach's"LifestylesoftheRichandFamous."So,whatdoIwatch?I

stillturntothenetworks,(17)Ihavelearnedtoexploitandcheatthem.For

example,Ilikefootball,butseldomwatchit(18).Instead,1(19)itandlater

playilbackanmyVCR,fast-forwardingthroughallthecommercials,theannouncers5

babble,thehalf-timedrivelandeventhehuddles.Ialsowatchedmovies,butonlyon

somecablechannels,(20)thenetworks.

A、turningout

B>turninginto

C^turningdown

D、turningup

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题为语义题，考查同根词组的含义。四个选项都是含有动词turn

的词组。lurnout指关掉(收音机、电视等)；turninto指收听、收看(节目)；lurn

down指调小(音量)；而turnup正好相反，指调大(音量)。根据上下文知，越来越

多的人不再收看电视节目。

2、

A、up-showing

B、growing

C、impatient

D、shrinking

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题为词义辨析题。四个选项都是形容词：up・showing指上涨的，增

加的；growing也是指增长的,上升的；impatient指不耐烦的；shrinking.指缩减

的，减少的。上文提到越来越多的人不再收看电视节目，由此可知观众数目在减

少。

3、

A、by

B、when

C、until

D、as

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查固定搭配。not....until为固定的连词搭配，指"直到…才，除

非“，符合本题题意。

4、

even

only

C、almost

D、morethan

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题为逻辑判断题。四个选项都有强调的含义；even指即使，甚

至，常用在否定句中以加强语气；0nly指仅仅、只有，常用于肯定句；almost也多

用于肯定句；morethan指多于。从思维表达上讲，even更为通畅，故为正确选

项。

5、

A、However

B、Infact

C^Meanwhile

D、Exactly

标准答案：B

知识点解木斤本题为语篇结构题。四个选项在此均可起到承上启下的作用；

however表示一种转折关系；infact指实际上；meanwhile指与此同时；exactly很

少单独置于句首。根据前后两句意思的对比，Infacl更符合题意，故为正确选项。

6、

A、seriously

B、constantly

C、nightly

D、regularly

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题为词义辨析题。四个选项均为副词，指严重地；constantly指连

续地,不断地；nightly指每夜地；regularly指有规律地,经常地,定期地。此处指

这五个节目中没哪一个我是定期收看的。

7、

A、cruel

B、optimistic

C、unreal

D、pessimistic

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题为词义辨析题。四个选项都是形容词；cruel指残酷的；

optimistic指乐观的，有信心的；unreal指非真实的；pessimistic指悲观的。家庭喜

剧往往有一点的夸张性，并非真实的。

8、

A、About

B、Asfor

C、Considering

D、Watching

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题为语篇结构题。asfor关于，至于…一方面，一般用来引出话

题，符合题意。

9、

A、show

B、program

C^world

D、channel

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题为逻辑判断题。注意前一句中出现收视率排名第二的节目名称

"ADifferentWorld,,,此处作者在驳斥该节目，说假如想看一个不同的世界的诟，

我宁愿骑车去芝加哥的西部（而不愿看这个节目）。

10、

A、usedto

B、wasusedto

C、would

D、oughtto

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查固定搭配。usedto+动词原形，指过去常常做某事，符合本

题题意。beusedto指习惯于，后面往往加动名词，故为正确选项。

II、

A、on

B、in

C^at

D、among

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查介词用法。此处意为排名位于前十位，故选择介词in。

12、

A、occurrence

event

C、episode

D、incident

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题为词义辨析题。四个选项为同义词，均指“事故‘或“事件”。

occurrence是个通用词，指发生的事情；event指经过努力而取得的结果，一般指重

要的、值得注意的事情；episode常指一个小插曲，一集；incident指重要事件之间

次要的小事情，而且并不一定与重要事件有联系。叩isode最符合题意，故为正确

选项。

13、

A^better

B、good

C、worse

D、awful

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题为语义题。此处应意为摔跤比”Dallas”这个节目更好看。

14、

A、that

B、why

C、theway

D、which

标准答案：A

知识点解析•：本题为语法题，考查连词的用法。that此处可引导一个表语从句，故

Ihal为正确选项。其他选项均不符合题意。

15、

A、waste

B、trash

C、debris

D、garbage

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题为词义辨析题。四个同义词均指无价值的或只配丢弃的东西。

waste表示生产者虽没有用过，但已抛弃的东西，然而可能以其他方式，在其他情

况下，或对别人来说是有用的；trash既指破旧损坏的东西，也可以指边角余料，

也可以引中指毫无价值的东西；debris指的是建筑物等损坏后留下的碎破破瓦或废

墟：garbage主要指有机垃圾.此处指的是一些垃圾节1=1.故tra*h为正确选项.

16、

A、quality

ratings

C、production

D、audience

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题为词义辨析题。quality指品质、质量；ratings指收视率；

production指产量；audience指观众。此处说电视节■目质量下降。

17、

A、and

B、but

C^therefore

D、because

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题为语篇结构题。根据上下文知，此处说虽然我仍然收看电视网的

节目，但我有自己的方法。故此处需要一个转折关系的连词。

18、

A^alive

B、live

C^myself

D、completely

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题为词义辨析题。根据上下文知，作者很少看现场直播的足球赛。

live有现场直播的含义。

19、

A^watch

B、goover

C、tape

D、copy

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题为语义题。根据上下文，此处应指作者先将它录下来，以便以后

再看。

20、

A、never

or

C、nor

D、and

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题为语义题。根据上下文，此处应指作者只在一些有线电视频道收

看电影，而从不在电视网络上收看。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分，共20分。）

When,intheageofautomation,mansearchesforaworkertodothetedious,unpleasant

jobsthataremoreorlessimpossibletomechanize,hemayveryprofitablyconsiderihe

ape.Ifwetackledtheproblemofbreedingforbrainswithasmuchenthusiasmaswe

devotetobreedingdogsofsurrealisticshapes,wecouldeventuallyproduceassorted

modelsofusefulprimates,ranginginsizefromthegorilladowntothebaboon,each

adaptedtoaspecialkindofwork.Itisnotputtingtoomuchstrainontheimaginationto

assumethatgeneticistscouldproduceasuper-ape,whichisabletounderstandsome

scoresofwordsandcapableofbeingtrainedforsuchjobsaspickingfruit,cleaningup

thelitterinparks,shiningshoes,collectinggarbage,doinghouseholdchoresandeven

baby-sitting,althoughIhaveknownsomebabiesIwouldnotcaretotrustwithavaluable

ape.Apescoulddomanyjobs,suchascleaningstreetsandthemorerepetitivetypesof

agriculturalwork,withoutsupervision,thoughtheymightneedprotectionfromthose

egregiousspecimensofHomesapienswhothinkitamusingtoteaseorbullyanything

theyconsiderlowerontheevolutionaryladder.Forothertasks,suchasdeliveringpapers

andlaboringonthedocks,ourman-apewouldhavetoworkunderhumanoverseers;and,

incidentally,Iwouldlovetoseethefinaleofthetwenty-firstcenturyversionofOnthe

Waterfrontinwhichthehonestbuthairyherowilldrumonhischestafter—literally

takingthewickedlaborleaderapart.Onceasupplyofnonhumanworkersbecomes

available,awholerangeoflowIQjobscouldbethankfullygivenupbymankind,toits

greatmentalandphysicaladvantage.Whalismore,oneoftheproblemswhichhas

annoyedsomanyfictionalUtopiaswouldbeavoided:Therewouldbenoneofthe

degradinglysubhumanEpsilonsofHuxley'sBraveNewWorldtoactasapermanent

reproachtosociety,forthereisaprofoundmoraldifferencebetweenbreedingsub-men

andsupcr-apcs,thoughtheendproductsarcmuchthesame.Thefirstwouldintroducea

formofslavery,butthesecondwouldbeabiologicaltriumphwhichcouldbenefitboth

menandanimals.Notes:surrealistic超现实的。primate灵长类动物。gorilla大猩猩。

baboon狒狒。chore杂活。caretodosth.（常用于否定句）（二willingtodooragreetodo

sth.）愿意做某事。truslAwithB把B托付给A.egregious（通常指坏人或坏事）异乎

寻常的，突出的。Homesapiens人类。finalen.结局。Epsilons奴隶人名。assorted

各色各样的。Utopia乌托邦，理想主义。

21、Accordingtothetext,theapeshouldbeconsideredforcertainjobs.

A^onlyifitisabletounderstandscoresofwords.

B、whichdonotrequireanyintelligenceatall.

C、thatarenotsuitablefbrhumanhandstotackle.

D^whichareboringandcannotbetackledwithmachines.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节理解题。本题问，根据课文所述，应考虑让猿做什么工作?参看

第1段。注意：第2段中有几个语言点应注意：l）forbrains为了智力。2）puta

strainon对…考验、负担。Theadditionalworkputagreatstrainonhim.（这项

额外工作对他是一个很大的负担）。3）...Iwouldnotcaretotruslwithavaluableape中

careto（do）意为"愿意"，多用于否定句中。例如：Hedidn,tcaretomeetthesepeople.

（他不愿会见这些人）。tiustAwithB意为"把B托付给A"。例如：Icarfttrusthim

withmycar.（=1can'ttrustmycartohim.）（我不能把我的汽车托付给他管）。可见，本

文中的句子应译为“我不愿意把我的珍贵的猿托付给（有些孩子）、有些考生把该句

译为“我不在意把（有些孩子）托付给一头珍贵的猿”，那就与原文含义相悖，可谓差

之毫厘，谬以「里了。望考生在做阅读理解题时，下万不要满足于快读口寸的•知半

解，应力求正确理解原文内涵，并从阅读中获取语言知识。

22、By"thehonestbuthairyhero"（inPara.3）theauthormostprobablyrefersto.

A、thehumansupervisor.

B>thegeneticistsasawhole.

C^thenon-humanworker.

D^themanbreedingsuper-apes.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：词组释义题。从上下文看，此处ihehonestbuthairyhero显然是指经

过训练的猿，即"thenon-humanworker"o

23、Theauthorslatesthatasupplyofnon-humanworkersforlowIQjobswould.

A、substitutethemforhumanscompletely.

B、benefitmanmentallyandphysically.

C、giverisetotheoppositionfromgeneticists.

D、beadisadvantagetomanyhumanworkers.

标准答案：B^

知识点解析：作者观点题。本题问：作者认为用猿做智商低的工作有什么好处?第

4段第1句写道：”一旦能提供非人类的工人（即指猿），人类就能有幸不再从事整整

一系列的低智商的工作，这对人类在思想上和体力上都有极大好处，选项B符合

上面的表述。A中有complelely,这就绝对化了，故不能入选。注意：toone飞

advantage对（某人）有利：Morepracticewillbetoyouradvantage.（多练习对你有

利）。

24、Accordingtotheauthor,breedingsuper-apeswouldbe.

A^aproblemrelatedtomoralstandards.

B、asbadasbreedingsub-humans.

C、introducinganewformofslavery.

D^anadvanceinbiologicalstudies.

标准答案：D」

知识点解析：作者结论题。本题问：作者对培养超级猿的看法如何?最后一段最后

一句写道：”第1种做法将会采用一种奴隶制：而第2种做法将是生物学卜的一大

胜利，对人对动物都有好处”。可见，D符合作者的上述看法。

25、Theauthorofthisarticleis.

A^merelyattemptingtobehumorousaboutthefutureworkers.

B、revealinghishighopinionofmankind'sprospect.

C、expressinghisdoubtsaboutthepossibilityofbreedingasuper-ape.

D^presentinganapplausibletheoryinahumoroustone.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：总结归纳题。本题问：作者写本文的意图是什么?从整篇文章的内在

意思看，作者以幽默的笔调赞赏培育超级的猿来代替人做一些单调的体力活儿。可

见，D符合上述分析。

Denial,anger,bargaining,depression,acceptance.Someltedintopopculturearethefive

stagesofgrief-introducedinthe1960sbypsychiatristElisabethKiibler-Rossbasedon

herstudiesoftheemotionalstateofdyingpatients—thattheyareregularlyreferenced

withoutexplanation.Thereappearstobenoevidence,however,thatmostpeoplemostof

thetimegothroughmostofthestagesinthisoranyotherorder.AccordingtoRussellP.

Friedman,executivedirectoroftheGriefRecoveryInstituteinShermanOaks,"nostudy

haseverestablishedthatstagesofgriefactuallyexist,andwhataredefinedassuchcan't

becalledstages.Griefisthenormalandnaturalemotionalresponsetoloss...Nomatter

howmuchpeoplewanttocreatesimple,bullet-pointguidelinesforthehumanemotions

ofgrief,therearenostagesofgriefthatfitanytwopeopleorrelationships."Friedman's

assessmentcomesfromdailyencounterswithpeopleexperiencinggriefinhispractice.

UniversityofMemphispsychologistRobertA.Ncimcycrconfirmsthisanalysis.He

concludedinhisscholarlybookMeaningReconstructionandtheExperienceofLoss:"At

themostobviouslevel,scientificstudieshavefailedtosupportanysequenceof

emotionalphasesofadap:ationtolossortoidentifyanyclearendpointtogrievingthat

woulddesignateastateof'recovery.,MNevertheless,theurgetocompressthe

complexitiesoflifeintoneatandtidystagesisirresistible.Forexample,Harvard

UniversitypsychologistLawrenceKohlbergpostulatedthatourmoraldevelopment

progressesthroughsixstages:parentalpunishment,selfishhedonism,peerpressure,law

andorder,socialcontractandprincipledconscience.Whystages?Wearepattern-

seeking,storytellingprimatestryingtomakesenseofanoftenchaoticandunpredictable

world.Astagetheoryworksinamannersimilartoaspecies-classificationheuristicoran

evolutionary-sequenceschema.Stagesalsofitwellintoachronologicalsequencewhere

storieshavesetnarrativepatterns.Stagetheories"imposeorderonchaos,offer

predictabilityoveruncertainty,andoptimismoverdespair,"explainedsocialpsychologist

CarolTavris."Oneappealofstagetheoriesisthattheytellastory一theygiveusa

narrativetoliveby('youfecithisnow,butsoon...'),"What'swrongwithstages?First,

Tavrisnoted,"indevelopmentalpsychology,thenotionofpredictablelifestagesistoast.

Thosestagetheoriesreflectedatimewhenmostpeopleinarchedthroughlifepredictably:

marryingatanearlyage;thenhavingchildrenwhenyoung;thenwork,work,work;then

maybeamidlifecrisis;thenretirement;thendeath.Those'passages'theoriesevaporated

withchangingsocialandeconomicconditionsthatblewthepredictabilityofourlivesto

hell."Second,Tavriscontinued,"istheguiltandpressurethetheoriesimposeonpeople

whoarcnotfeelingwhattheythinktheyshould.Thisiswhyconsumersofanykindof

psychotherapyorposttraumaticinterventionthatspreadsthenotionof'inevitable'stages

shouldbeskepticalandcautious."Stagesarestoriesthatmaybetrueforthestoryteller,

butthatdoesnotmakethemvalidforthenarrativeknownasscience.[496words]

26、AccordingtoFriedman,"fivestagesofgrief.

A、willbeacceptedwhenenoughevidenceiscollected

isnotlikelytobeacceptedasascientifictheory

C>shouldbefurtherdividedintomorestages

D、shouldreplace"stage"withanotherterm

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查对文中人物观点的概括推理。

27、WhoseviewpointismostsimilartothatofElisabethKlibler-Ross?

A^RussellP.Friedman

B>RobertA.Neimeyer

C^LawrenceKohlberg

D、CarolTavris

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题考查文中多位人物观点。

28、Manyofusacceptstagetheoriesbecause.

A、theyoftenfunctionwellinpractice

B、theygiveusasenseoforder

C、theyagreewithhumanevolutionism

D、theygiveusthecouragetofaceuncertainty

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查因果细节。

29>Theword"toast"(Line2,Para6)mostprobablyrefersto"somethingthatis

A^popularandpraised

B、commonandordinary

C、controversialbuteffective

D、commonbutwrong

标准答案：A-

知识点解析：本题考查词义推测。

30、Thepassagetheoriesarewronginthat.

A^theyneglectthechangesinthestagesoflife

B>theyexcludetheunpredictabilityoflife

C、theymaypromptustotakeincautiousactivities

D^theymisssomeinevitablestagesinlife

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题考查事实细节。

Theprotectionofculturaldiversityfromapoliticalandeconomicpointofviewinfact

becamepressingwithglobalization,whichischaracterizedbytheliberalizationona

largescaleofeconomicandcommercialexchange,andthus,whathasbeencalledths

commodificationofculture.Ithasbeennoted,forinstance,thatoverthepast20years,

tradeinculturalgoodshasquadrupledandthenewinternationalrules(WTO,OECD)on

tradeareincreasinglyremovingStatesupportandprotectionmeasuresinfavourof

nationalgoodsandservicesinthenameofmarketfreedomandfreetrade.Forthosein

favourofthepromotioncfculturaldiversity,whichincludesCanada,Franceandthe

Groupof77(groupofdevelopingcountries),theaimisabovealltoobtainfromthe

UnitedStatestheguaranteethatthe"ConventionontheProtectionandPromotionofthe

DiversityofCulturalExpressions",signedbyUNESCOinNovember2005,wouldnot

besubordinatedtointernationaltradeinstruments.Indeed,forIheUnitedStatesandother

supportersoffreetrade,theconventionisabadideaandthemeasuresreferredtoabove

stemquitesimplyfromaninterventionistconceptionoftheStatewhichisnotlikelyto

favourthemarket.Subsidiestoculturalenterprises,theimpositionofbroadcastquotas

andrestrictionsonforeignownershipofthemediawould,forthem,interferewiththe

naturaldevelopmentofthemarket.Inaddition,eventhoughitisnotofficial,the

conventiononculturaldiversityisformanyAmericansanattempttounderminethe

globalsupremacyoftheiraudiovisualindustries.Ifthegeneralunderstandingofcultural

diversityisbasedmainlyonbinarydistinctionssuchasmodernculture/localculture,the

realityofculturaldiversityisnotbinary,butstemsfromrespectforandacceptanceof

differences,dialogue,andthequestforsharedvalues,inordertoleavebehindthe

monologismthatisafeatureoftheinformationsociety.Inthissetting,diversityis

consequentlyawayofapproachingthestructureofhowwclivetogether,basedonthe

acceptanceofapluralvisionoftheworld.Wecanseethenthatculturaldiversityis

perceivedhereastheintegration,ratherthanthesuperpositionorjuxtapositionofcultures

andthattheinformationsocietyinwhichitisexpressedisaboveallasocietyofshared

knowledge.

31、Thecommodificationofcultureisafeatureof

A、culturaldiversity.

globalization.

C、internationaltrade.

D、informationtechnology.

标准答案：R

知识点解析：事实细节题。由commodificalionofculture将答案锁定在开篇首句。

理解which引导的定语从句是关键。which指代globalization,全球化的特点是经

济和商业交流自由化，以及由此而生的所谓的文化商、也化，因此答案选［B］,题干

中的afeatureof同义替爽了原文中的characterizedby。干扰项［A|cukuraldiversity

与commodificalionofculture是因果关系，正因为文化商业化的趋势才有「保护文

化多样性的必要。

32、Accordingtothetext,theWTO

A、isinfavourofnationalculturalproducts.

B、isharmfultoculturaldiversity.

C、istoensurethesurvivalofculturaldiversity.

D、istomakedecisionsonculture.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。WTO出现在第一段尾句括号中。文章提到ihenew

internationalrules时列举\WTO,因此thenewinternationalrules的立场也适用于

WTO.新的国际贸易机制支持自由市场和自由贸易，而国家却支持和保护国内商品

与服务，因此这些贸易机制要日益消除国家对本国产品和服务的支持和保护措施。

这里提到的国内产品就包括文化。由此，［A］项错误。［B］和［C］观点对立，由原文

可知，文化的多样性被理解为文化的一种融合，而不是文化的叠加或并列，因此，

WTO所倡导的自由市场会扼杀文化的多样性，由此可以判断，WTO对文化多样性

不利，［B］正确，［C］错误。［D］在文中未提及。

33、Whatisthefirsttaskoftheadvocatorsofculturaldiversity?

A、TonegotiatewiththeUnitedStatesofAmerica.

TorevisesomeofthearticlesoftheWTO.

C^TosubordinatetheConventiontotheWTOandothers.

D、Toavoidtheinfluenceofinformationtechnology.

标准答案：A

知识点解析:事实细节题。第二段首句提到thoseinfavourof即advocators的首要

目的(theaim...aboveall)是获得美国对〈保护和促进文化表现形式多样性公约》将不

服从国际贸易法规的承认，因此［A］“和美国交涉”正确。

34、1'hcAmericansbelievethathiddenbehindtheclaimsofculturaldiversity

A、isabadideatoharmthefreemarket.

B、isaninterventionistconceptionoftheState.

C>isanintentiontobeattheircultureindustries.

D、isanattempttounderminetheWTO.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。第二段提到美国人对〈保护和促进文化表现形式多样性

公约〉的态度。第二句和第三句提到他们认为该公约是一个糟糕的主意，干扰了市

场的自由发展，一些措施甚至源于国家干涉主义概念。最主要的是段尾提到的与美

国人的切身利益相关的内容：该公约试图破坏他们音像产业的全球霸权地位，囚此

［C］正确,同时排除［A］与［B］,［D］在文中未提及。

35、Culturaldiversityactuallyneedsaninformationsocietywhich

A^commodificatescultures.

B、hasadominantculture.

C^favoursthefreetrade.

D^sharesknowledge.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题cinformation.society在文中出现了两次.一次是第二段

末尾，另一次是第四段末尾。第三段末句中提到信息社会的一个特征是

monologism,从mono一(单一)可以看出，这个社会是某一种事物唱独角(即垄断)

的社会.而第四段尾句提到体现文化多样性的信息社会首先应该是知识共享的社会

(asocietyofsharedknowledge),因此［D］项正确。

A.MainResultsofRecentResearches.B.PopularDoubtabouttheNewView.C.Effect

ofEnvironmentonIntelligence.D.IntelligenceandAchievement.E.ImpactonSchool

Education.F.AChangedViewofIntelligence.G.Interactionbetweengeneand

environment.Intelligencewasbelievedtobeafixedentity,somefacultyofthemindthat

weallpossessandwhichdeterminesinsomewaytheextentofourachievements.Its

value,therefore,wasasapredictorofchildren'sfuturelearning.Iftheydifferedmarkedly

intheirabilitytolearncomplextasks,thenitwasclearlynecessarytoeducatethem

differentlyandtheneedfordifferenttypesofschoolandevendifferentabilitygroups

withinschoolwasobvious.Intelligencetestscouldbeusedforstreamingchildren

accordingtoabilityatanearlyage.Andat11thesetestsweresuperiortomeasuresof

attainmentforselectingchildrenfordifferenttypesofsecondaryeducation.41.

Today,wcarcbeginningtothinkdifferently.Inthelastfewyears,researchhasthrown

doubtsontheviewthatinnateintelligencecaneverbemeasuredandontheverynature

ofintelligenceitself.Thereisconsiderableevidencenowshowsthegreatinfluenceof

environmentbothonachievementandintelligence.Childrenwithpoorhome

backgroundsnotonlydolesswellintheirschoolworkandintelligencetestsbuttheir

performancetendstodeteriorategraduallycomparedwiththatoftheirmorefortunate

classmates.42.Thereareevidencesthatsupporttheviewthatwehaveto

distinguishbetweengeneticintelligenceandobservedintelligence（习得智力）.Any

deficiencyintheappropriategeneswillrestrictdevelopmentnomatterhowstimulating

theenvironment.Wecannotobserveandmeasureinnateintelligence,whereaswecan

observeandmeasuretheeffectsoftheinteractionofwhateverisinheritedwithwhatever

stimulationhasbeenreceivedfromtheenvironment.Researchershavebeeninvestigating

whathappensinthisinteraction.43.Twomajorfindingshaveemergedfrom

theseresearches.Firstly,thegreatestpartofthedevelopmentofobservedintelligence

occursintheearliestyearsoflife.Itisestimatedthat50percentofmeasurable

intelligenceatage17isalreadypredictablebytheageoffour.Secondly,themost

importantfactorsintheenvironmentarelanguageandpsychologicalaspectsofthe

parent-childrelationship.Muchofthedifferenceinmeasuredintelligencebetween

"privileged"and"disadvantaged"childrenmaybeduetothelatter'slackofappropriate

verbalsiinwlacionandihepovenyoftheirperceptualexperiences.44.These

researchfindingshaveledtoarevisioninourunderstandingofthenatureofintelligence.

Insteadofitbeingsomelargelyinheritedfixedpowerofthemind,wenowseeitasaset

ofdevelopedskillswithwhichapersoncopeswithanyenvironment.Theseskillshaveto

belearnedand,indeed,oneofthemislearninghowtolearn.45.Themodern

ideasconcerningthenatureofintelligenceareboundtohavesomeeffectonourschool

system.Inonerespectachangeisalreadyoccurring.Withthemovetoward

comprehensiveeducationandthedevelopmentofunstreamedclasses,fewerchildrenwill

begiventhelabel"lowIQ"whichmustinevitablycondemnachildinhisown,ifnot

society'seyes.Theideathatwecanteachchildrentobeintelligentinthesamewaythat

wecanteachthemreadingorarithmeticisacceptedbymoreandmorepeople.

36、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第二段第一句开门见山地提出人们对智力的认识与以往传统的观点不

同，主要不同在于传统的观点把智力看作是一种不变的能力，而现在新的观点则认

为智力与人们成长的环境有很大关系，本段最后一句通过例子来证实这个观点。

37、

标准答案：G

知识点解析：本段主要讲述了先天智力和后天环境有关，科学家也正在做这方面的

研究。

38、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本段的第一句话就把该段的内容点得很清楚。本段主旨是要介绍

Twomajorfindingshaveemergedfromtheseresearchesomainresults只是

majorfindings的另外一种说法而已。

39、

标准答案：F

知识点解析：木段的第一句话就说得很清楚：研究结果使我们对智力本质的看法发

生了改变。

40、

标准答案：E

知识点角》析：最后一段第一句话说对智力本质新的见解必定会对学校教育产生影

响，下面所讲的都是一些正在发生的变化。

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题，每题1.0分，共

5分。)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelist(A^C、D、E、F、G.......)tofitintoeachofthe

numberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10

points)Acommonprobleminhumanrelationsisthelackofassertivenessinotherwords,

theinabilitytoexpressyourselfandclaimyourrightsv/ithoutviolatingthefightsof

others.Donotconfuseassertivenesswithaggressiveness.(41).Learningto

communicateassertivelyinvolveslearningtobehonest,openanddirect.Youcanlearnto

speakup,makerequests,askforfavorsandacceptcorrpliments,andalsotoexpress

negativethoughts(complaints,resentment,criticism,disagreement),rejectintimidation,

refuserequests,anddemandtobeleftalone.(42).Inmostcultureshigherstatus

hastraditionallybeengiventothemasculinegender.Overthecenturies,womeninmany

societieslearnedtoremainnon-assertive,tostayoutofthepubliceye,tokeeptheir

voicesdown,tobediscreetandindirect,nottopush,andintheendnoteventodareto

desire.Thevastmajorityofopportunitiesforpublicinfluence—theabilitytoforgeuseful

relationshipsotherthanfriendship,speakupinpublic,createorganizations,useforce,

andholdimportantpositionsingovernment,business,academia,andinthemedicaland

legalfield-werelongrecognizedasmen'sprivilegeandright.(43).Backinthe

1960smodernfeministsnotedthatmostAmericanwomen(andalsoafairnumberof

men)wereunabletospeakupforthemselvesintheworkplaceorinpersonal

relationships;theyneededhelpinlearningtobeassertive.Tofillthisgapin

communicationskills,certaincolleges,mentalhealthcentersandprivateconsultants

begantohold"assertivenesstrainingworkshops".Iheseearlyprogramswereoftenpart

ofemployer-sponsoredprofessionaldevelopmenttrainingthataimed,amongother

things,tomakeemployeesmoreeffectiveincommunicatingwithcustomers,with

representativesofotherfirmsandwitheachother.Whatdoesassertivenesstraining

inculcate?Theideaatitscoreistostopbeing,orsounding,"wishy-wa