考研英语模拟试卷112

考研英语模拟试卷112

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

AllAmericansareatleastvaguely(I)withthe(2)oftheAmericanIndian.

CutbacksinfederalprogramsforIndianshavemadetheirproblems(3)more

severeinrecentyears.Josephyreports,"(4)1981itwasestimatedthatcut,backsin

federalprogramsforIndianstotaledabout$500million"(5)molethantentimes

thecutsaffectingtheir(6)fellowAmericans.Thisreducedfundingisaffecting

almostallaspectsofreservationlife,(7)education.IftheIndianscouldsolvetheir

(8)problems,solutionstomanyoftheirotherproblemsmightnotbefarbehind.In,

thispaperthecurrentstatusofIndianeducationwillbedescribedand(9)andsome

waysofimprovingthiseducationwillbeproposed.Whetherto(10)withthe

dominantAmericancultureorto(11)Indianculturehasbeenalongstandingissue

inIndianeducation.Thenextfiftyyearsbecameaperiodof(12)assimilationinall

areasofIndianculture,butespeciallyinreligionandeducation.JohnCollier,areformer

whoagitated.(13)Indiansandtheirculturefromtheearly1920suntilhisdeathin

1968,hadadifferentidea.Hebelievedthatinsteadofeffacingnativeculture,Indian

schools(14)encourageand(15)it.Pressuretoassimilateremainsapotent

forcetoday,(16).MoreandmoreIndiansaregraduatingfromhighschooland

collegeandbecoming(17)forjobsinthenon-Indiansociety."WhenIndiansobtain

therequisiteskills,manyofthementerthebroaderAmericansocietyandsucceed."

(18)approximately90percentofallIndianchildrenareeducatedinstatepublic

schoolsystems(Taylor136,155).(19)thesechildrencompetewiththemembersof

thedominantsociety,however,isanother(20).

1、AllAmericansareatleastvaguely(1)withthe(2)oftheAmerican

Indian.CutbacksinfederalprogramsforIndianshavemadetheirproblems(3)

moresevereinrecentyears.Josephyreports,"(4)1981itwasestimatedthatcut,

backsinfederalprogramsforIndianstotaledabout$500million"(5)molethanten

timesthecutsaffecting(heir(6)fellowAmericans.Thisreducedfundingis

affectingalmostallaspectsofreservationlife,(7)education.IftheIndianscould

solvetheir(8)problems,solutionstomanyoftheirotherproblemsmightnotbefar

behind.In,thispaperthecurrentstatusofIndianeducationwillbedescribedand

(9)andsomewaysofimprovingthiseducationwillbeproposed.Whetherto

(10)withthedominantAmericancultureorto(11)Indianculturehasbeena

longstandingissueinIndianeducation.Thenextfiftyyearsbecameaperiodof

(12)assimilationinallareasofIndianculture,butespeciallyinreligionand

education.JohnCollier,areformerwhoagitated.(13)Indiansand(heirculture

from(heearly1920suntilhisdeathin1968,hadadifferenticea.Hebelievedthatinstead

ofeffacingnativeculture,Indianschools(14)encourageand(15)it.Pressure

toassimilateremainsapotentforcetoday,(16).MoreandmoreIndiansare

graduatingfromhighschoolandcollegeandbecoming(17)forjobsinthenon-

Indiansociety."WhenIndiansobtaintherequisiteskills,manyof(hementerthebroader

Americansocietyandsucceed."(18)approximately90percentofallIndian

childrenareeducatedinstatepublicschoolsystems(Taylor136,155).(19)these

childrencompetewiththemembersofthedominantsociety,however,isanother

(20).

A、agreeable

B、regardless

C、familiar

D、sympathetic

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题为固定搭配。agreeable一般和介词to搭配，指宜人的，准备同

意的；regardless一般和介词of搭配指无论，不管；familiarwilh是固定搭配，指

对…熟悉，了解；sympathetic指有同情心的。

2、

A、predicament

dilemma

C、scrape

D^plight

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题为词义辨析题。四个选项为同义词，均指不良的或尴尬的处境。

predicament指不能自拔的境地或难以解决的问题和困难；dilemma指进退维谷，不

得已只好求其一；scrape指由于愚笨或欠考虑之行为所造成的困境和困难；plight

指不幸、不愉快的，甚至难堪的情形。此处指美国的印第安人可怜的教育情况。

3、

A、even

B、ever

C、greatly

D、further

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题为句法题。程度副词even,still,far等可用在形容词比较级之

前，以加强语气。

4、

A、Since

B、Upto

C、Before

D、Bytheendof

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题为语义题。bytheendof指到…底为止，符合题意，故为正确选

项。since指自从...以来;upio指直到。

5、

A、or

B、and

C、yet

D、but

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题为句法题。比较前后两部分，知此处需要一个选择关系连词。

6、

A、non-Indian

B、Indian

C、previous

D、former

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题为语义题。此句包含一个比较状语从句，连词than之前出现了

印第安人(Indians),而该空后面出现了美国同胞(fellowAmericans),由此可见此处

是印第安人与非印第安美匡人之间的比较。

7、

A、except

B、regarding

C、besides

D、including

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题为句法题。注意此空前后部分间的关系。前面指印第安居留区生

活的各个方面，后面指教育，显然两者之间是从属关系，故including为正确选

项。except指除了…之外；regarding指关于，涉及到；besides指除了…还，均不符

合题意。

8、

A、cultural

B、educational

C、social

D、severe

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题为语义题。此处主要讲的是印第安人的教育问题，如果说教育问

题解决了，其他各种问题使找到了解决的钥匙。

9、

A、estimated

B、evaluated

C、settled

D^decided

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题为语义题。根据上下文，此处指印第安人的教育将得到分析和评

估，然后再提出改善的建议。

10、

A、agree

B、pushforward

C^assimilate

D、deal

标准答案；C

知识点解析：本题为语义题。根据下文知，此处指是否吸收美国的主流文化。

agree指同意；pushforward指提出；deal指处理，均不符合题意。

11、

A^reserve

B、converse

C、detain

preserve

标准答案：D

知识点解析：木题为词义辨析题。四个选项均含有“拥有人或物、或者置人或物于

自己的控制之下”的意思。reserve指为了其他的用途或将来的用途而保存；

conserve指以防变化、损失或破坏而保存；detain表示出于合情合理的原因或由于

自私，任性等因素而迟迟不肯松手；preserve一般指为了防止损害、变质等而保

存。此处指保留印第安特有的文化，而不被同化。

12、

A、enforced

B、overall

C^contemptuous

D、unbelievable

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题为语义题。enforced指强化的，被迫的；overall指总体的，全部

的；contemptuous指显示轻蔑的；unbelievable指难以置信的。此处印第安文化被

迫被主流文化同化。

13、

A、infavorof

B、onbehalfof

C、sidebysidewith

D、farbehind

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题为语义题,infavorof指有利于，赞同；onbehalfof指代表；

sidebysidewith指与…肩并肩；farbehind指远远落后于。此处指拥护印第安人。

14、

A、would

B、should

C、could

D^might

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题为句法题。此处指应倡导、鼓励土著文化。

15、

A、realize

B、assimilate

C、acknowledge

D^revitalize

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题为语义题。realize指意识到;assimilate指同化,吸收;

acknowledge指承认；revitalize指使新生，使恢复活力。比处指重视土著文化的辉

煌。

16、

A、yet

B、furthermore

C、however

D^justthesame

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题为语篇结构题。此句为本段的主题句，讲的是越多越多的人融入

了美国主流社会。这与上一段讨论的问题相反。

17、

A^available

B、reachable

C^suitable

D^eligible

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题为词义辨析题。available指可用的、有效的；reachable指可达到

的：suitable指合适的、恰当的；eligible指合格的、适合的。此处指胜任各种工

作。

18、

A^Inthefuture

B、In（hepast

C、Atpresent

D、Maybe

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题为句法题。从后面文字的时态可知此处讲的是目前的情况。

19、

A、What

B、Whether

C、That

D^Ilow

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题为语义题。此处应指这些孩子在多大程度上能与主流社会的成员

竞争。

20、

A、question

B、issue

C、aspect

D、matter

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题为词义辨析题。question指询问问题，尤指讨论中的问题；issue

指引起讨论的问题；aspect指事物的一个方面；matter概括一般的事物、事情和问

题。此处指又是另一回事。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共2。题，每题7.0

分,共20分。）

Thesubjectofmystudyisawomanwhoisinitiatingsocialchangeinasmallregionin

Texas.ThewomenareMexicanAmericanswhoare,orwere,migrantagricultural

workers.Thereismorethanonekindofinnovationatworkintheregion,ofcourse,butI

havechosentofocusonthreerelatedpatternsoffamilybehavior.ThepatternIlifestyle

representshowmigranifarmworkersofallnationalitieslivedinthepastandhowmany

continuetolive.Itreatthispatternasabaselinewithwhich（ocomparethechanges

representedbypatternIIandHI.FamiliesinpatternIworkandtravelinex（endedkin

units,withtheeldestmaleoccupyingthepositionofauthority.Familiesarelarge?Eight

orninechildrenarenotunusual?Andallmembersareeconomiccontributorsinthis

strategyoffamilymigration.FamiliesinpatternIImanifestsomedifferencesinbehavior

whilestillmaintainingaspectsofpatternI.Theycontinuetomigratebutonareduced

scale,oftenmodifyingtheirschedulesofmigrationtoallowchildrentofinishtheschool

year.Parentsinthispatternoftenfindtemporarylocaljobsascheckerstomakeupfor

lostfarmingincome.PatternIIfamiliesusuallyhavefewerchildrenthandopatternI

families.ThegreatestamountofchangefrompatternI,however,isinpatternIIIfamilies,

whonolongermigrateatall.Bothparentsworkfulltimeintheareaandhaveanaverage

ofthreechildren.Childrenattendschoolfortheentireyear.InpatternIII,thewomenin

particularcreatenewrolesforthemselvesforwhichnolocalmodelsexist.Theynotonly

workfulltimebutmay,inaddition,returntoschool.Theyalsoassumeagreater

responsibilityinfamilydecisionsthandowomenintheotherpatterns.Althoughthese

womenareintheminorityamongresidentsoftheregion,theyserveasrolemodelsfor

others,causingmoderatechangeslospreadintheircommunities.Nowopportunitieshave

continuedtobedeterminedbypre-existingvalues.Whenfederaljobsbecameavailable

intheregion,mostinvolvedworkingunderthedirectionoffemaleprofessionalssuchas

teachersornurses.Suchpositionswereunacceptedtomanymenintheareabecausethey

werenotaccustomedtobeingsubordinatetowomen.Womenthereforetookthejobs,at

first,becausetheincomewasdesperatelyneeded.Butsomeofthewomendecidedtostay

attheirjobs,atfirst,afterthefamily'sdistress,wasover.Thesewomenenjoyedtheir

work,itsresponsibility,andthecompanionshipoffellowwomenworkers.Thesteady,

relativelyhighincomeallowedtheirfamiliestostopmigrating.And,asthebenefitsto

thesewomenbecameincreasinglyapparent,theyandtheirfamiliesbecameevenmore

willingtoconsiderchangesintheirlivesthattheywouldnothaveconsideredbefore.

21、Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestreflectsthemainfocusofthepassage?

A、ASurveyofThreeMexican-AmericanFamiliesatWorkinTexas.

B、InnovativeCareerWomen:EffectsonFamilyUnity.

C、ChangesintheLife-stylesofMigrantMexican-AmericanFamilies.

D、FarmingofFamily:TheUnavoidableChoicetorMigrantFarmWorkers.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是一道考查文章主旨的题。答案选项意为：”迁移的墨西哥族美国

人家庭的生活方式变化”。在第一段作者指出，她研究的对象是正在给美国得克萨

斯州内一个小区域的社会生活带来变化的妇女，这些妇女是墨西哥族美国人，属于

农业季节工人(migranlagriculturalworkers)。当然，这一地区的变化不止一种，但

是作者重点研究的是三种相关的家庭行为模式。

22AllofthefollowingstatementsaboutpatternIIchildrenexpressdifferences

EXCEPT.

A、theymigrateforpartofeachyear

B、theyspendlesstimecontributingtofamilyincome

C、theyspendmoremonthsonschool

D^theirparentssometimesworkatjobsratherthanfanning

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这是一道事实判断题。答案选项意为：”他们每年过一段迁移的生活

\第二段对比了第一种模式和第二种模式的异同。第二种模式的人仍然过着迁移

的生活,，但迁移时间缩短(onreducedscale),原因经常是止孩子读完一学期的书。

可见，这两种生活方式的人还是过着迁移的生活，只是程度有所差别。

23、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofwomeninpattern

Hfamilies?

A^Theyearnareliableandcomparativelyhighincome.

B、Theycontinuetoworksolelytomeettheurgentneedsoftheirfamily.

C、Theyenjoythefellowshipinvolvedinworkingwithotherwomen.

D、Theyserveasmodelsofbehaviorforothersintheregion.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是一道事实判断题。答案选项意为：”她们继续只为家庭的急需忙

碌”。从第三段对第三类妇女的描述来看，她们的生活已经不再是仅仅围绕着满足

生活基本需要。她们不再过迁移的生活，而是有固定的工作，孩子们整年上学，她

们也积极开辟生活和就业机会(createnewrolesfor(hemselvesforwhichnolocal

modelsexist),加强学业自修,等等。

24haveanaverageofthreechildren.

A、PatternIfamilies

B、PatternDfamilies

C、PatternDIfamilies

D、Noneofall

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是,道亦实分析题。由文章第三段"Thegreatestamountofchange

frompatternI»however,isinpatternUIfamilies,whonolongermigrateatall.Both

parentsworkfulltimeintheareaandhaveanaverageofthreechildren”可知正确答案。

25、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthethreepatternsofbehaviormentionedinthe

passageisbestdescribedasoneof.

A、greatadmiration

B、unbiasedobjectivity

C、dissatisfaction

D、indifference

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是一道事实分析题。答案选项意为：”不加任何偏见的客观性:本

文客观地描述了一个社会调查，并没有对哪种生活模式有褒贬。

Emergingfromthe1950censusisthepictureofanationdevelopingmoreandmore

regionalcompetition,aspopulationgrowthintheNortheastandMidwestreachesanear

standstill.Thisdevelopment-anditsstrongimplicationsfbrUSpoliticsandeconomyin

yearsahead-hasenthronedtheSouthasAmerica'smostdenselypopulatedregionfor(he

firsttimeinthehistoryofthenation'sheadcounting.Altogether,theUSpopulationrose

inthe1970sby23.2millionpeople-numericallythethirdlargestgrowtheverrecordedin

asingledecade.Evenso,thatgainaddsuptoonly11.4percent,lowestinAmerican

annualrecordsexceptfortheDepressionyears.Americanshavebeenmigratingsouth

andwestinlargernumbersinceWorldWarII,andthepatternstillprevails.Threesun

beltstates—Florida,TexasandCalifornia—togetherhadncaiiy10millionmorepeople

in1980thanadecadeearlier.Amonglargecities,SanDiegomovedfrom14thto8thand

SanAntoniofrom15thto10th-withClevelandandWashingtonD.C.droppingoutofthe

(op10.Notall(hatshiftcanbeattributedto(hemovementoutof(hesnowbelt,census

officialssay,"Nonstopwavesofimmigrantsplayedarole,too—andsodidbiggercrops

ofbabiesasyesterday's'babyboom'generationreacheditschildbearingyears."

Moreover,demographersseethecontinuingshiftsouthandwestasjoinedbyarelated

hutnewerphenomenon:Moreandmore,Americansapparent.yarelookingnotjustfor

placeswithmorejobsbutwithfewerpeople,too.Regionally,theRockyMountainStates

reportedthemostrapidgrowthrate—37.1percentsince1970inavastareawithonly5

percentoftheUSpopulation.Amongstates,NevadaandArizonagrewfastestofall:63.5

and53.1percentrespectivelyExceptforFloridaandTexas,thetop10inraleofgrowth

iscomposedofWesternslateswith7.5millionpeople—about9persquaremile.The

flightfromovercrowdednessaffectsthemigrationfromSnowBelttomorebearable

climates.Nowheredo1950censusstatisticsdramatizemoretheAmericansearchfor

spaciouslivingthanintheFarWest.There,Californiaadded3.7milliontoitspopulation

inthe1970s,morethananyotherstate.Inthatdecade,however,largenumbersalso

migratedfromCalifornia,mostlytootherpartsoftheWest.Oftentheychose一andstill

arechoosing—somewhatcolderclimatessuchasOregon,IdahoandAlaskainorderto

escapesmog,crimeandotherplaguesofurbanizationintheGoldenState.Asaresult,

California'sgrowthratedroppedduringthe1970s,to18.5percent—littlemorethantwo-

thirdstheI960SgrowthfigureandconsiderablybelowthatofotherWesternstates.

26、Discernedfromtheperplexingpictureofpopulationgrowththe1980census

provided,Americain1970s.

A^enjoyedthelowestnetgrowthofpopulationinhistory

B、witnessedasouthwesternshiftofpopulation

C、underwentanunparalleledperiodofpopulationgrowth

D^broughttoastandstillitspatternofmigrationsinceWorldWarII

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是一道事实分析题。根据1980年人口普查结果，美国70年代人口

增长幅度并非前所未有，而是屈居第三(thethirdlargestoftheworld)o这一增长幅

度也同样算不上美国年增长记录中的最低点，因为美国大萧条时期就是例外，

(exceptforDepressionyears)。根据文章第四段的叙述：美国人口一直大批向南部和

西部迁移，至今这一趋势仍未减弱(prevail),选项”美国人口在70年代经历了向西

南地区的迁移”与此意吻合。

27、Thecensusdistinguisheditselffrompreviousstudiesonpopulationmovementin

that.

A^itstressestheclimaticinfluenceonpopulationdistribution

B、ithighlightsthecontributionofcontinuouswavesofimmigrants

C、itrevealstheAmericans'newpursuitofspaciousliving

D^itelaboratesthedelayedeffectsofyesterday's"babyboom"

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是一道事实分析题。此次人口普查对人口流动趋势的分析与以往有

哪些不同?在第七段开头作者写道：人口统计学家看到，在不断向南部和西部迁移

的趋势中又出现r与之相关却又与以往不同的现象：美国人寻找的不再只是能够提

供更多工作机会的地方，同时也是人口密度较小的地方，而且这一现象正变得越来

越明显。选项”它揭示了美国人对宽敞生活空间的新的追求”正是上面所述的不同于

以往的新的现象。而其它选项中所提到的均不属这次人口普查中的特有现象，故应

排除。

28、Wecanseefromtheavailablestatisticsthat.

A^Californiawasonce(hemostthinlypopulatedareainthewholeUS

B、thetop10statesingrowthrateofpopulationwerealllocatedintheWest

C、citieswithbetterclimatesbenefitedunanimouslyfrommigration

D、Arizonarankedsecondofallstatesinitsgrowthrateofpopulation

标准答案：D

知识点解析；这是一道事实分析题。作者在第八段中提到；在这次人口普查中，增

长速度最快的地区当数落基山脉周围各州，其中Nevada和Arizona州增长最快，

分别为63.5%和53.1%。排名前十位的是否均在西部?在本段最后一句中可以看

到：南部的两个州Florida和Texas也在其列。那么迁移的人口是否都流向气候温

和的城市?对此，作者在倒数第四段中作了叙述：逃避城市的拥挤这一因素对由寒

带向比较温暖的气温带迁移这一现象产生了一定的影响。随后作者在倒数第二段中

又提到：为逃避加利福尼亚的烟器、罪恶及其它的城市弊端，许多人迁移到

Oregon,Idaho及Alaska等比较寒冷的州。由此可见，其他选项菌有悖原意，也缺

乏事实依据。

29.Theword"demographers"(Line1,Paragraph7)mostprobablymeans.

A^peopleinfavorof(hetrendofdemocracy

B、advocatesofmigrationbetweenstates

C、scientistsengagedinthestudyofpopulation

conservativesclingingtooldpatternsoflife

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是一道词义解析题。根据全文主题及上下文内容判断，只有选项”

从事人口统计的科学家”与本篇主题一致，并与前后意思连贯。选项”赞同民主倾向

的人“及“固守旧的生活方式的保守主义者”均与主题无关。而”对迁居其他州府持赞

成意见的人”亦与前后意思不符。

30>TheUSpopulationinthe1970sislargestoftheworld.

A、thefirst

B、thesecond

C、thethird

D、thefourth

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是一道文章细节题。由文章第三段"Altogether,theUSpopulation

roseinthe1970sby23.2millionpeople-numericallythethirdlargestgrowthever

recordedinasingledecade"可知正石0答案。

Duringihewholeofadull,darkandsoundlessdayinthe,auiumnof(heyear,when(he

cloudshungoppressivelylowintheheavens,hadbeenpassingalone,onhorseback,

throughasingularlydrearytractofcountry,andatlengthfoundmyself,astheshadesof

theeveningdrewon,withinviewofthemelancholyHouseofUsher.ThusEdgarAllan

PoeopenedhisstoryofthefalloftheHouseofUsherin1839.Inthisbeautifullycrafted

sentencehecapturedsomuchthatisessentialtothehorrorstory:darkness,ominous

solitude,forebodingcalm,apprehensionanduncertainty,andadeepfeelingof

melancholythatcouldsoonturntofear.Manykindsoffictionareself-explanatory:

mysteries,Westerns,lovestories,spythrillers,andsciencefictiondefinethemselvesby

thetermsusedtonamethem.Thehorrorstoryislesseasilydefined,perhapsbecause

othertypesoffictionsooftenusethetrappingsofterrortoenhance(heirplots.Charles

DickensusedthevehicleofanoldfashionedghoststorytotellAChristmasCarol,but

thatbookisnotahonorstoryNordoesaGrimmbrothersfairytalesuchasHansenand

Gratewithitschild-devouringwitch,belongtothegenre.Thenatureofthehorrorstory

is.bestindicatedbythetitleofthe1980stelevisionseriesTalssfromtheDarkSide.

Humanbeingshavealwaysacknowledgedthatthereisevilintheworldandadarkside

tohumannaturethatcannotbeexplainedexceptperhapsinreligiousterms.Thisevilmay

heimaginedashavinganalmostunlimitedpowertoinspireanxiety,fear,dread,and

terrorinadditiontodoingactualphysicalandmentalharm.Inthetaleofhorrorquite

ordinarypeopleareconfrontedbysomethingunknownandfearful,whichcanbeneither

understoodnorexplainedinreasonableterms.Itistheemphasisontheunreasonable(hat

liesattheheartofhorrorstories.Thiskindofliteraturearoseinthe18(hcenturythe

starlofamovementcalledRomanticism.Themovemenlwasareactionagainsta

rational,orderlyworldinwhichhumanitywasbasicallygoodandeverythingcouldbe

explainedscientifically.TheliterarytypethatinspiredthehorrorstoryisGothicfiction,

talesofevikoftensetinsinistermedievalsurroundings.Thisoriginalkindofhorror

fictionhaspersistedtothepresent.

31、Inhisnovel,EdgarAllenPoe.

A、integratedthedescriptionofbeautyintohishorrorstoiy

B、usedaloloftypicaldescriptionsofhorrorstories

C、wasuniversallyconsideredasthefatherofhorrorstory

D^combinedatouchofsadnessinhisdescriptionofhorror

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是一道必实分析题。答案选项意为：”使用r许多典型的恐怖小说

描述”。第一段第三句指出，在他(爱伦.坡)斟酌精美的句子(beaulifullycrafted

sentence)里，他把握住了恐怖故事的许多特征：黑暗、不祥的荒僻、寂静、恐惧、

不安和一种随时可能变成恐惧的深深的抑郁(adeepfeelingofmelancholythatcould

soonturntofear)。

32、Bysayingthatmanykindsoffictionareself-explanator)'(thefirstsentenceof

paragraph2),theauthormeans.

A、theyareeasytounderstand

B、theyaremeantforordinaryreaders

C、theyoftenusehorrortodeveloptheirplots

D、theircategoriesshowwhattheyareabout

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这是一道事实分析题。答案选项意为：它们的种类指明了它们的内

容。第二段指出，许多小说的内容是不解自明(self-explanatory)的：神秘小说，西

部小说，爱情小说，惊险小说，科幻小说等等，从这些归类上就可以知道小说的内

容。但是，恐怖小说就不容易区分了，因为许多其它类别的小说用恐怖的情节来烘

托气氛。

33、Whatisconsidered(obethemostimportantingredient(hatmakesahorrorstory?

A^Irrationality.

B、Melancholy.

C、Uncertainty.

D、Suspension.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这是一道事实分析题。答案选项意为“超乎寻常”。第四段指出，在恐

怖小说中，普通人面临未知和恐怖情景，这种情景超出了人们的理解力，无法用理

性解释，正是这种对非理性的强调构成了恐怖小说的核心内容。

34、Thehorrorstoriesarebasedon.

A^Gothicfiction

B、talesofevil

C、lovestory

D^bothAandB

标准答案：D

知识点解析：这是一道文章细节题。由文章最后一段"Theliterarytypethatinspired

(hehorrorstoryisGothicfiction，talesofevil,oftensetinsinistermedieval

surroundings”可知恐怖小说的文学根源是哥特式小说和罪恶小说。

35、Itisobviousthattheassumptionbehindhorrorstoriesisthat.

A^humanbeingsarebasicallygood

B、mankindisevilinnature

C、mankindcanbetaughttobegood

D、bothAandC

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是一道事实分析题。答案选项意为：人本性邪恶。最后一段指出，

这种文学形式起源于十八世纪浪漫主义运动(Romanticism)开始的时代，以前，人们

将世界看作是理性有序的，人本质是向善的，万物都可以用科学解释，而浪漫主义

运动正是对这一信念的反抗。恐怖小说的文学根源是哥特式小说(Goihicfiction).

罪恶小说，这些小说往往以中世纪罪恶的环境为背景，恐怖小说至今保留着这些小

说的痕迹。

Thetraditionaldistinctionbetweenproductsthatsatisfyneedsandthosethatsatisfy

wantsisnolongeradequatetodescribeclassesofproducts.Irtoday'sprosperous

societiesthedistinctionhasbecomeblurredbecausesomanywantshavebeenlurnedinto

needs.Awriter,forinstance,canworkwithpaperandpencils.Thesearelegitimateneeds

forthetask.Buttheworkcanbedonemorequicklyandefficientlywithaword

processor.Thusacomputerissoonviewedasaneedratherthanawant.Inthefieldof

marketing,consumergoodsareclassedaccordingtothewayinwhichtheyare

purchased.Thetwomaincategoriesareconveniencegoodsandshoppinggoods.Two

lessertypesarespecialtygoodsandunsoughtgoods.Itmustbeemphasizedthatallof

(hesetypesarebasedon(hewayshoppersthinkaboutproducts,noton(henatureofthe

productsthemselves.WhatisregardedasaconvenienceiteminFrance(wine,for

example)maybeaspecialtygoodsintheUnitedStates.Peopledonotspendagreatdeal

oftimeshoppingforsuchconvenienceitemsasgroceries,newspapers,toothpaste,razor

blades,aspirin,andcandy.Thebuyingofconveniencegoodsmaybedoneroutinely,as

somefamiliesbuygroceriesonceaweek.Suchregularlypurchaseditemsarecalled

staples.Sometimesconvenienceproductsareboughtonimpulse:someonehasasudden

desireforanicecreamonahotday.Ortheymaybepurchasedasemergencyitems.

Shoppinggoodsareitemsforwhichcustomerssearch.Theycompareprices,quality,and

styles,andmayvisitanumberofstoresheforemakingadecision.Buyinganautomobile

isoftendonethisway.Shoppinggoodsfailintotwoclasses:thosethatarcperceivedas

basicallythesameandthosethatareregardedasdifferent.Itemsthatarelookeduponas

basicallythesame,includesuchthingsashomeappliances,televisionsets,and

automobiles.Havingdecidedonthemodeldesired,(hecustomer,isprimarilyinterested

ingetting(heitematthemostfavorableprice.Itemsregardedasinherentlydifferent

includeclothing,furniture,anddishes.Quality,style,andfashionwilleithertake

precedenceoverprice,ortheywillnotmatteratall.Speciallygoodshavecharacteristics

(hatimpelcustomerstomakespecialeffortslofind(hem.Pricemaybenoconsideration

atall.Specialtygoodscanincludealmostanykindofproduct.Normally,specialtygoods

haveabrandnameorotherdistinguishingcharacteristics.Unsoughtgoodsareitemsa

consumerdoesnotnecessarilywantorneedormaynotevenknowabout.Promotionor

advertisingbringssuchgoodstotheconsumer'sattention.Theproductcouldbe

somethingnewonthemarketastheSonyWalkmanoncewasoritmaybeafairly

standardservice,suchaslifeinsurance,forwhichmostpeoplewillusuallynotbother

shopping.

36>Awordprocessorcanbelookedonassatisfyinganeedratherthanawantif

A、itisusedathometodopaperwork

B、itisusedbyawritertotypeanovel

C、i(becomestheonlymeanstoanend

D^awriterdocsnotwanttouseit

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是一道事实分析题。答案选项意为：”它是达到目的的唯一手段”。

第一段指出，对满足需要(need)和需求(want)的产品的传统区分已不足于涵盖各种

类别的产品。在今天这个繁荣的社会里，由于许多需求转化为需要，二者失去了明

显的界线(blurred)。例如：作家用纸和笔写作，纸和笔，这时对他来说是合理的需

要，但是，同样的工作可以用文字处理机更快、更有效地完成，这样，对这位作家

来说，计算机已不再是一种需求，而成了一种需要。可见，这里所说的需要代表完

成某一事情所必需的手段，而不是可有可无的手段。

37Staplcs(inthethirdparagraph)arccommodities.

A、thatpeopleareinconstantneedof

B、thatpeopledonotreallywant

C、thatpeoplewantbutdon'tneed

D^(hatareconvenienttopurchase

标准答案:A

知识点解析：这是一道词义分析题。答案选项意为：”经常需要的，根据文章第三

段可知该词"Staples”意为“重要商品“、“常用品”，如：糖、盐等。

38>Shoppinggoodsthatareconsideredasbasicallythesamearethose.

A、thatsatisfysimilarneedsoftheconsumer

B、thatconsumersdon'tcarewheretobuythem

C、thatconsumersspendmuchtimetolookfbr

D、thatcanbefoundinnearlyeveryshop

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是一道事实分析题。答案选项意为：”消费者不在乎到什么地方去

买”。第五段指出，选购商品(shoppinggoods)分作两类：可以看作基本相同的商品

和视为不同的商品，前者如:家用器具(homeappliances),电视机、汽车;购买这

类商品时，消费者一旦选定式样，主要关心的是如何以最便宜的价格买到手。

39、Unsoughtgoods.

A、havetobenew

B、havetobestandardized

C、havetobepromoted

D、havetobesenttoconsumers'homes

标准答案：C

知识点解析：这是一道词义分析题。答案选项意为：”必须进行促销”。最后一段指

出，不需要的商品(unsough:goods)是指消费者不一定需求或需要或根本不感兴趣的

物品，要让消费者注意这些物品，必须进行推销(promolion)或做广告。

40、Pricemaybenoconsiderationalallwhencustomersbuy.

A^unsoughtgoods

B、specialtygoods

C、shoppinggoods

D、consumergoods

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是一道文章细节题。由文章倒数第二段"Speciallygoodshave

characteristicsthatimpelcustomerstomakespecialeffortstofindthem.Pricemaybe

noconsiderationatall”可知，只有"speciallygoods”可以使顾客在购买时根本不考虑

价格问题。

三、阅读(补全短文)(本题共5题，每题1.0分，共

5分。)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelist(A^B、C、D、E、F、G.......)tofitintoeachofthe

numberedblank.Therearcseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10

points)In1967,inresponsetowidespreadpublicconcernarousedbymedicalreportsof

asbestos-relateddeaths,theNationalMedicalResearchCouncilorganisedacommittee

ofenquirytoinvestigatethehealththreatsassociatedwiththeuseofasbestosinthe

buildingindustry.(41).Thereportconfirmedthefindingsofsimilarresearchin

(heUnitedStatesandCanada.Exposuretorelativelysmallquantitiesofasbestosfibres,

(heyconcluded,wasdirectlyresponsiblefbrthedevelopmentofcancers,asbestosisand

relateddiseases.Takingintoaccountevidenceprovidedbyeconomistsandbuilding

industrymanagement,however,thereportassumedthatdespitetheavailabilityofother

material