考研英语模拟试卷272

考研英语模拟试卷272

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

SomeoftheconcernssurroundingTurkey'sapplicationtojointheEuropeanUnion,tobe

(1)onbytheEU'sCouncilofMinistersonDecember17th,areeconomic——in

particular,thecountry'srelativepoverty.ItsGDPperheadislessthanathirdofthe

averageforthe15pre-2004membersoftheEU.(2)itisnotfaroffthatofLatvia—

oneofthetennewmemberswhich(3)onMay1M2004,anditismuchthesameas

(4)oftwocountries,BulgariaandRomania,whichthisweekconcluded(5)

talkswiththeEUthatcouldmakethemfullmembersonJanuary1st2007.(6),the

country'srecenteconomicprogresshasbeen,accordingtoDonaldJohnston,the

secrctarj^-gcncraloftheOECD,stunning.GDPinthesecondquarteroftheyearwas

13.4%higherthanayearearlier,a(7)ofgrowththatnoEUcountrycomescloseto

(8).Turkey's(9)ratehasjustfallenintosinglefiguresfbrthefirsttimesince

1972,andthisweekthecountry(10)agreementwiththeIMFonanewthree-year^

$10billioneconomicprogramthatwillhelpTurkey(11)inflationtowardEuropean

levels,andenhancetheeconomy'sresilience.Resiliencehasnothistoricallybeenthe

country'seconomicstrongpoint.(12),throughoutthe1990sgrowthoscillatedlike

anelectrocardiogram(13)aviolentheartattack.This(14)hasbeenoneof

themainreasonswhythecountryhasfaileddismallytoattractmuch-necdcdforeign

directinvestment.Itsstockofsuchinvestmentislowernowthanitwasinthe1980s,and

annual(15)havescarcelyeverreached$1billion.Onedeterrenttoforeign

investorsisdueto(16)onJanuary1st2005.Onthatday,Turkeywilltakeaway

therightofvirtuallyeveryoneofitscitizenstocallthemselvesamillionaire.Sixzeros

willberemovedfromthefacevalueofthelira(里拉，货币单位);oneunitofthelocal

(17)willhenceforthbeworthwhat1millionarenow—i.e.,about0.53(0.53欧元).

Goodswillhavetobe(18)inboththenewandoldliraforthewholeoftheyear,

(19)foreignbankersand(20)canbegintolookforwardtoatimeinTurkey

whentheywillnolongerhavetojugglementallywithindeterminatestringsofzeros.

1、SomeoftheconcernssurroundingTurkey'sapplicationtojointheEuropeanUnion,

tobe(1)onbytheEU'sCouncilofMinistersonDecember17th,areeconomic—in

particular,thecountry'srelativepoverty.ItsGDPperheadislessthanathirdofthe

averageforthe15pre-2004membersoftheEU.(2)itisnotfaroffthatofLatvia一

oneofthetennewmemberswhich(3)onMay1st2004,anditismuchthesameas

(4)oftwocountries,BulgariaandRomania,whichthisweekconcluded(5)

talkswiththeEUthatcouldmakethemfullmembersonJanuary1st2007.(6),the

country'srecenteconomicprogresshasbeen,accordingtoDonaldJohnston,the

secretary-generaloftheOECD,stunning.GDPinthesecondquarteroftheyearwas

13.4%higherthanayearearlier,a(7)ofgrowththatnoEUcountrycomescloseto

(8).Turkey's(9)ratehasjustfallenintosinglefiguresfbrthefirsttimesince

1972,andthisweekthecountry(10)agreementwiththeIMFonanewthree-year,

$10billioneconomicprogramthatwillhelpTurkey(11)inflationtowardEuropean

levels,andenhancetheeconomy'sresilience.Resiliencehasnothistoricallybeenthe

country'seconomicstrongpoint.(12),throughoutthe1990sgrowthoscillatedlike

anelectrocardiogram(13)aviolentheartattack.This(14)hasbeenoneof

themainreasonswhythecountryhasfaileddismallytoattractmuch-neededforeign

directinvestment.Itsstockofsuchinvestmentislowernowthanitwasinthe1980s,and

annual(15)havescarcelyeverreached$1billion.Onedeterrenttoforeign

investorsisdueto(16)onJanuary1st2005.Onthatday,Turkeywilltakeaway

therightofvirtuallyevenoneofitscitizenstocallthemselvesamillionaire.Sixzeros

willberemovedfromthefacevalueofthelira(里拉，货币单位);oneunitofthelocal

(17)willhenceforthbeworthwhat1millionarcnow—i.e.,about0.53(0.53欧元).

Goodswillhavetobe(18)inboththenewandoldliraforthewholeoftheyear,

(19)foreignbankersand(20)canbegintolookforwardtoatimeinTurkey

whentheywillnolongerhavetojugglementallywithindeterminatestringsofzeros.

A、decided

voted

C、elected

D^appointed

标准答案：B

知识点解析：动词辨析。decided意为"决定'voicd意为”投票，表决"；clcclcd意

为“选举"；appointed意为"任命二根据常识，就土耳其加入欧盟的申请需要在欢盟

部长会议上进行表决，因此vote符合题意。

2、

A^But

B、So

C>Though

D、While

标准答案：A

知识点解析：语篇连贯。根据语篇，该空前后是转折关系，该句意为：土耳其人均

GDP还不足2004年之前欧盟16国人均GDP的三分之一，但是和2004年6月1日

加入欧盟的十个新成员国之一拉脱维亚相比，土耳其差得并不算太远。

3、

A、presented

B、attended

C、joined

D、participated

标准答案：C

知识点解析：动词辨析。presented意为"呈交,授予"等;attended意为"参加",通

常指参加会议或课程等；joined指参加某种组织；participated通常和in搭配，指参

加活动等。此处指拉脱维亚加入欧盟，joined符合题意。

4、

A^that

B、which

C、those

D、these

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语法现象。此处选择复数形式those指代保加利亚和罗马尼亚这两个

国家的人均GDP。

5、

A、application

accession

C、reception

D、negotiation

标准答案：B

知识点解析：名词辨析。application意为"申请”；accession意为”允许进入,允许使

用“；reception意为“接待”;negotiation意为”协商”°此处指保加利亚和罗马尼亚加

入欧盟的谈判，accession符合题意。

6、

A、Unfortunately

However

C、Therefore

D、Furthermore

标准答案：D

知识点解析：语篇连贯。根据语篇，该句和上一段是递进关系，继续描述土耳其经

济积极的一面。该句意为：不但如此，用经济合作和发展组织秘书长唐纳德.约翰

斯顿的话来说.该国最近的经济发展十分惊人.

7、

A、ratio

rate

C、rhythm

D、rhyme

标准答案：B

知识点解析：名词辨析。ratio意为“比率"；rate意为“速度"；rhylhm意为“节奏”；

rhyme意为”韵律二此处指土耳其经济发展的速度，rate符合题意。

8、

A、approaching

surpassing

C^matching

D、succeeding

标准答案：C

知识点解析:approaching意为"接近";surpassing意为"超过"；matching意为"敌得

过，比得上"；succeeding意为”成功，接下来”。根据文章，本年度第二季度的

GDP比去年增长了13.4%,这样的增长速度是任何欧盟成员国都无法匹敌的，因

此matching为最佳选择。

9、

A^inflation

B>interest

C^investment

D、tariff

标准答案：A

知识点解析：名词辨析。inflation意为“通货膨胀"；interest意为'兴趣,利息”;

investment意为“投资"；tariff意为'关税”。根据下文,土耳其和国际货币基金纪织

新达成的协议会进一步降低该国的通货膨胀率，因此该题选择inflalion和下文构成

重现。

10,

A、claimed

B、reached

C>concluded

D、achieved

标准答案：B

知识点解析：动词名词苔配。此处选择reach和agreement构成搭配，意为“达成协

议”。

II、

A、reduce

B、drop

C、shrink

D、descend

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词辨析。该题应该选择一个及物动词和inflalion构成动宾关系，因

而drop,shrink和descend不符合要求，因为它们是不及物动词，虽然它们都有下

降和减少之意；reduce意为“减少”，是及物动词，符合题意。

12、

A、Instead

B、Indeed

C、Accordingly

D、Surprisingly

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语篇连贯。根据语篇，该空后面是对前面的解释，用indeed表达强

调。该句意为，历史上该国经济并没有很强的韧性。的确，在整个20世纪90年

代，该国的经济就好像一次猛烈的心脏病发作的心电图记录那样来回摆动。

13、

A、manifesting

B、accounting

C^recording

D、photocopying

标准答案：C

知识点解析：动词辨析。manifesting意为"表现"；accounting意为"计算"；recording

意为“记录”;photocopying意为”复制，复印”。根据常识，心电图是记录心脏活动

的，因此recording是赛佳答案。

14、

A、mobility

B、flexibility

C、stability

D、irregularity

标准答案：D

知识点解析：名词辨析。mobility意为"移动性，流动性"；flexibility意为“灵活性

"；stability意为‘稳定性"；irregularity意为'不规律性根据上文,该国的经济就

好像一次猛烈的心脏病发作的心电图记录那样来回摆动，这是一种不规律的现象，

因此irregularity为最佳选项。

15>

A、inflows

B、imports

C、exports

D、outputs

标准答案：A

知识点解析：名词辨析。inflows意为"流入量"；imports意为"进LT；exports意为"

出口”；oulputs意为”产量”。此处指外资的流入量，因此inflows为最佳选择。

16、

A、revive

remain

C>disappear

D、discharge

标准答案：C

知识点解析：动词辨析。根据文章，土耳其加入欧盟之后，一个妨碍外国投资者的

因素将会消失，因此disappear为最佳答案。

17、

A、current

B、currency

C^stock

D、share

标准答案：B

知识点解析：名词辨析。current做名词意为“电流，水流”；currency意为“货币”；

stock意为“股票"；share意为“股份”。此处在描述土耳其货币产生的变化，因此

currency为最佳选择。

18、

A、priced

labeled

C、claimed

D、exchanged

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词辨析。根据文章，商品将在一整年内用新旧里拉同时定价，

price（定价）符合题意。

19、

A、though

B、but

C^for

D、since

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语篇连贯。根据语篇，该空前后是转折关系。该句意为：商品将在一

整年内用新旧里拉同时定价，但外国银行家和投资人现在可以期待今后在土耳其再

不用快速心算一串串数不清的零了。

20、

A、merchants

B、travelers

C^investors

D、executives

标准答案：C

知识点解析：名词辨析。此处选择investors与本段第一句中的foreigninvestors构

成重现。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分,共20分。）

Aboutthree-quartersofAmericans,accordingtosurveys,thinkthecountryisonthe

wrongtrack.Abouttwo-thirdsofthepublicdisapproveofthejobperformanceof

PresidentBush,andanevenhighernumberdisdainCongress.Themediaareexcited

abouttheprospectofawealthybusinessmanrunningforPresidentasanindependent

whocouldtapintobroadpublicdisgruntlementwiththepartisanpoliticiansin

Washington.2007?Yes.Butalso1992.Themaindifferencebetweenthetwosituations

isthatMichaelBloombergisricher-andsaner-thanRossPerot.Butonesimilarity

mightbethis:theAmericanpeoplewerewrongthenandmaybewrongnow.The

widespreadpessimismintheearly1990saboutthecourseofthecountryturnedouttobe

unwarranted.Therestofthedecadefeaturedimpressiveeconomicgrowth,afallingcrime

rate,successfulreformofthewelfaresystemandareasonablypeacefulworld.Perhaps

theproblemsweren'tsobadinthefirstplace,orperhapsthepoliticalsystemproduced

politicians,likeBillClinton,RudyGiulianiandNewtGingrich,whowereabletodeal

withtheproblems.But,inanycase,thecountrygotbackoncourse.That'snottosayall

waswellinthe1990s,especiallyinforeignpolicy.Responsibilitiesinplacesranging

fromBosniatoRwandatoAfghanistanwereshirked,andgatheringdangersweren'tdealt

with.Still,thesourcomplaintsanddirepredictionsof1992-oh,myGod,thebudget

deficitwilldousin!—werequicklyovertakenbyevents.What*smore,thefearofmany

conservativesthatwemightbeatthemercyofunstoppableforcesofsocialdisintegration

turnedouttobewrong.Indeed,thedirepredictionswererenderedobsoletesoquickly

thatonewonderswhetherwcwere,in1992,reallyjustindulginginsomekindofpost­

cold-warvictory.Sometimesthepublicmoodis...well,moody.Todaywe'remoody

again.Weareobviouslyfightingadifficultand,untilrecently,badlymanagedwarin

Iraq,whoseoutcomeisuncertain.Thisaccountsformuchofthepessimism.Italso

doesn'thelpthatthepoliticalsystemseemsincapableofdealingwithbigproblemslike

immigration,anenergypolicyandhealthcare.Still,isthegeneralfeelingthateverything

isgoingtothedogsanymorejustifiedtodaythanitwas15yearsago?Notreally.Think

ofitthisway:Haveeventsingeneralgonebetterorworsethanmostpeoplewouldhave

predictedonSept.12,2001?There'sbeennosuccessfulsecondattackhereintheU.S.

andverylimitedterroristsuccessesinEuropeorevenintheMiddleEast.We'vehad5.5

yearsofrobusteconomicgrowth,lowunemploymentandastock-marketrecovery.

SocialindicatorsintheU.S.aremostlystableorimproving—abortions,teenagebirths

andteenagedrugusearedownandeducationscoresareupabit.AsforAmerican

foreignpolicysince9-11,ithasnotproducedtheresultssomeofushopedfor,andthere

aremanylegitimatecriticismsoftheBushAdministration'sperformance.But,infact,

despitethegloomanddoomfromcriticsleftandright（including,occasionally,me）,the

worldseemstopresenttheusualmixedbagofdifficultproblemsandheartening

developments.Thekeyquestion,ofcourse,isthefateofIraq.Adecentoutcome一the

defeatofalamedainwhatithasmadethecentralfrontinthewaronterrorismand

enoughsecuritysotherecanbepeacefulrulebyarepresentativeregime—seemstome

achievable,ifwedon'tloseournervehereathome.WithsuccessinIraq,progress

elsewhereintheMiddleEastwillbeeasier.Thebalancesheetisuncertain.Butitisbyno

meansnecessarilygrim.

21、Accordingtothetext,whatmighthavehappenedin1992?

A、TheAmericanshadunwarrantedpessimismabouttheirstateaffairs.

B、Awealthybusinessmanmadehiswayintothewhitehouse.

C^SloweconomicprogresswithpoliticalcrisesprevailedtheUS.

D、Themediawereunhappyaboutbusinessmanrunningfortheoffice.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：事实细节题。文章第二段第五句话说：90年代对国家进程存在的广

泛的悲观主义最终证实都是没有根据的。正好是答案选项提到的内容。

22、Accordingtotheauthor,thepresentpessimismintheUSismainlydueto

A^theirchronicbadmood.

B、theuncertainprospectinIraq.

C、theincapablepoliticalsystem.

D、theunpromisingpresidentcandidates.

标准答案：B,

知识点解析：原因细节题。文章第三段第三句说”这解释了我们悲观主义的大部分

原因”，因此找到this指代的对象就解决了问题v根据代词就近所指的原则，要在

上一句中寻找指代内容。由此可见是与伊拉克战事前景不定有关的。

23Thephrase"goingtothedogs"(paragraph3)mostprobablymeans

A^becomingworse.

B、becominglazier.

C、becomingcrazier.

D^becomingeasier.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：含义题。需要通过第三、四段语义联合进行判定。第三段末尾说：是

否像人们认为的那样，与15年前相比，一切都变得?第四段开头直接否定，

然后叙述了目前的实情：列举了9.11后美国的进步之处。证明，第三段的问题处

需要的词与变糟糕有关。

24TheauthorseemstobelievethattheUSwillhavepositiveoutcomesinIraqif

A、enoughsecuritycanbeobtainedafterthewaronterrorism.

B、troopsinIraqlakenofurthermilitaryactions.

C>arepresentativeregimeisestablishedthroughpeacefulmeans.

D^peopleintheUSremaincalmandreasonable.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：条件细节题。文章尾段提到，在伊拉克得到理想结果的条件是“ifwe

don'tloseournervehereathome1',这句话的意思是如果国内不失去理智。因此，正

确答案是“美国人保持冷静和理智，

25、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthepresentsituationintheUSis

A^confused.

B、uncertain.

C、optimistic.

D^pessimistic.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：态度题。全文最后一句说：Butitisbynomeansnecessarilygrim,意

思是：情况绝非严峻。证明作者对状况的态度是乐观的。同时，前文提到美国人悲

观时，作者的观点就是美国人有一次错了，也同样证明作者是乐观的。

Large,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseize

headlines.ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy'svitality

dependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesand

factories.Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploy

nearly60percentoftheworkforceandareexpectedtogeneratehalfofailnewjobs

betweennowandtheyear2000.Some1.2millionsmallfirmshaveopenedtheirdoors

overthepastsixyearsofeconomicgrowth,and1989v/illseeanadditional200,000

entrepreneursstrikingoffontheirown.Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblaze

aheadunprepared.Idealistswilloverestimatetheclamorfortheirproductsorfailto

factorinthecompetition.Nearlyeveryonewillunderestimate,oftenfatally,thecapital

thatsuccessrequires.Midcareerexecutives,forcedbyatakeoverorarestructuringtoquit

thecorporationandfindanotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavortheideaofbeing

theirownbossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmustalso,atleastforawhile,be

bookkeeperandreceptionist,too.AccordingtoSmallBusinessAdministrationdata,24of

every100businessesstartingouttodayarelikelytohavedisappearedintwoyears,and

27morewillhaveshuttheirdoorsfouryearsfromnow.By1995,morethan60ofthose

100start-upswillhavefolded.Anewstudyof3,000smallbusinesses,sponsoredby

AmericanExpressandtheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,suggestsslightly

betterodds:Threeyearsafterstart-up,77percentofthecompaniessurveyedwerestill

alive.Mostcreditedtheirsuccess;inlargeparttohavingpickedabusinesstheyalready

werecomfortablein.Eightypercenthadworkedwiththesameproductorserviceintheir

lastjobs.Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchisobviouslycritical.Butmany

entrepreneursforgetthatafirm'shealthinitsinfancymaybelittleindicationofhowwell

itwillage.Youmasttenderlymonitoritspulse.Intheirzealtoexpand,small-business

ownersoftenignoreearlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorofdecayingprofitability.

Theyhopefullypourmoreandmoremoneyintotheen:ei,prise,preferringnotto

acknowledgeerodingprofitmarginsthatmeanthemarketfortheiringeniousserviceor

producthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthepayrollorvacatetheirlavishoffices.

Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andby

thenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave.Frequentchecksofyourfirm'svitalsigns

willalsoguideyoutoasensiblerateofgrowth.Tosnatchopportunity,youmustspotthe

signalsthatitistimetoconquernewmarkets,addproductsorperhapsfranchiseyourhot

idea.

26、Accordingtothetext,themaindifferencebetweenamultinationalcorporationanda

smallbusinessliesin

A、theproportionofworkforce.

B、thefrequencyappearedontheheadlines.

C、thenumberoftheworkers.

D、thewayofopeningabusiness.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。在文章首句中作者先是介绍了众多跨国大公司的现状，

而在之后的句子"Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers..".中

对美国的小型公司进行讨论。句子中的“defined”一词暗示大公司与小公司的不同在

于其雇佣工人人数上的不同，即所涉及的人数。

27、Wemayconcludefromthetextthat

A、thefutureofthesmallbusinessesispromisingandundoubtedlyencouraging.

B、ailthosewholeavetheirjobswillbeabossofasmallbusiness.

C、everyoneshouldlookbeforetheyleapwhentheydecidemanagingsmallbusiness.

D、thesuccessofsmallbusinesssolelydependsonthebosseswhoperforintheirlast

jobs.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理题。解题时应在理解文章大意的基础上对其中的特殊用词和句型

进行分析。通过阅读文章第二段中间部分，其中的数据表明在激烈的竞争中小企业

的生存状况并不乐观，这样可以推论出作者的写作目的是告诫人们在经营小公司时

要谨慎小心。因此答案选项正确。

28、Whenopeningsmallbusinesses,themostimportantthingforsmall-businessowners

todois

A、tomakeathoroughanalysisonthemarket,

toinvestmuchmoremoneyinsmallbusiness.

C、tocutdowntheworkers'wages,

D、tothinkcarefullyabouttheinternalspecificconditionsinthesmallenterprises,

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。文章第三段首句"Thinkingthroughanenterprisebefore

thelaunchisobviouslycrilicaF.（开张前对企业进行周密的考虑显然是至关重要

的）。中的"critical"一词与题干中"themostimportantthing"构成语义重现,因此答案

选项正确。

29、Inarecentresearch,afterthreeyears,smallenterpriseswillhealiveamong

3,000smallbusinesses.

A、morethan60

B、muicthan51

C、morethan2,310

D、morethan2,400

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理题。在文章第二段倒数第三句"Threeyearsafterslart-up,77

percentofthecompaniessurveyedwerestillalive".（在调查的公司中有77%在开张3

年后仍然运营着）。作者点出了小企业优胜劣汰的比率，通过它可以推算答案选项

正确。

30、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofsmallbusinessesis

A、worried.

B、unconcerned.

C^optimistic.

D、cautious.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:态度题。文章第二段前一部分中的"unprepared","fail","fatally"等词

表现了文章的基调并非"unconcerned"（漠不关心）和"optimistic"（乐观）<>但文章的基

调也不是“worried”（忧心忡忡），从第三段首句可以推断作者而小企业的发展持谨慎

态度，因此选项cautious表达正确。

Historically,theEuropeanUnionhasnotbotheredwithfundingmuchbasicscientific

research.Suchactivitieshavemainlyremainedthepreserveofnationalgovernments,not

leastbecausegivingscientistsfreereincanleadtodiscoveriesthatnotonlymakemoney

butultimatelyenhancemilitarymight.Thatattitudeisnowchanging.TheEuropean

CommissionproposestoestablishaEuropeanResearchCouncil（ERC）thatwouldspend

amaximumof12billion（$14billion）oversevenyearson"blueskies"research.While

theplansarebeinggenerallywelcomedbyEurope'smemberstates,theirdetailsare

problematic.TheproposedERCisintendedtomakeEuropemorecompetitive.Europe

hassomefirst-classuniversities,scientificinstitutionsandresearchorganizations,But,

theERC'sproponentsargue,theiractivitiesarcfragmented,sotheyarcnotreachingtheir

fullpotential.InAmerica,teamsfromacrossthecountrycompetewitheachotherfor

grantsfromtheNationalScienceFoundation.TheproposedERCismodeledonthis

scheme,Itwouldawardgrantstoindividualresearchteamsforaspecificproject,solely

onthebasisofscientificmeritjudgedbypeerreview,IftheERCwerecreated,scientists

fromacrossEuropewouldcompetewitheachotherforfunds,ratherthanmerely

competingwiththeirfellowcountrymen,ashappensaipresent.Thiscompareswiththe

limitedfundingforbasicresearchthatcurrentlyexistsintheEU,whichplacesits

emphasisoncollaborationbetweenresearchers.Itisopenonlytoresearchersinanarrow

rangeofdisciplineschosenbytheEuropeanParliamentandthecommission.TheERC

wouldbequitedifferent,placingitsemphasisoncompetitionbetweenresearchersand

leavingscientiststhemselvestodecidewhichareasofsciencetopursue.HelgaNowotny,

whochairstheEuropeanResearchAdvisoryBoard—anadvisorybodytothe

commission-saysthatwinningagrantfromtheERCcouldcometobeseenas

unmistakablerecognitionofresearchexcellence.ThequalityofEuropeanresearchneeds

tobesteppedupanotch.Between1980and2003,Europehad68Nobellaureatesin

medicine,physicsandchemistrycomparedwith154inAmerica.Withcompetitionfrom

ChinaandIndia,Europe'ssharecouldfallfurther.OneofthereasonsforEurope's

relativelyweakperformanceisthoughttobealackofgenuinecompetitionbetween

Europe'sresearchers.Anotherisitspoorabilitytoattractyoungpeopleintoaresearch

career.RecentestimatessuggestthatEuropeneedsanextra700,000researchersifitisto

meetitsoveralltargetofraisingspending(private,nationalandEU)onresearchand

developmentto3%ofGDPby2010.ManyyoungscientistsleaveEuropeforAmerica

oncetheyhavefinishedtheirtraining.Dr.NowotnysaystheERCcouldhelpheretoo.It

couldestablishaschemetogiveyoungresearcherstheopportunitytofollowtheirown

ideasandbecomeindependentatanearlierstageintheircareers,encouragingtalentto

stayinEurope.ThecrucialissuenowiswhethertheERCwillbeabletosetitsown

researchagenda,freefromtheinterferenceandbureaucracyofthecommissionand

influenceofmemberstates.Lastmonth,22leadingEuropeanscientistschargedwith

shapingtheERC'sscientificstrategymetforthefirsttimetostarthammeringouta

charterandconstitution.Seriousconcernsremainoverthelegalstructureofthebody.

ThefinaldecisionontheERC'slegalform,onadateyetunspecified,restswiththe

EuropeanParliamentandmemberstatesintheEuropeanCouncil.Ifbotharegenuinein

theirsupportfortheERCandEurope'saimofbecomingmorecompetitive,thenthey

mustfindawayofkeepingtheERCfreefrompoliticalinterference.Europewould

benefitfromacompetitionforitsbestresearcherswhichrewardsscientificexcellence.A

quasi-compctitionthatrecognizeshowmanyvoteseachmemberstateisallottedwould

bepointless.

31、WhydidtheEUseldomfinancebasicscientificresearchinthepast?

A、Becausetheydon'twanttobebotheredwiththosebasicresearches.

B、Becausenationalgovernmentstakethemastheirsolepreserve.

C>Becausemembercountrieswanttokeepthebenefitstothemselves.

D、Becausescientistfromthemembercountriescouldn'tcompete.

标准答案：c

知识点露析：原因细节题。文章第一段末尾提到”因为给予科学家自由发挥的权利

就会导致一些发现，这些发现不仅能够挣钱而且最终能够增强军事实力”，由此看

出欧盟内的国家自己资助科学研究的原因是不想与别人分享成果，也就是把科研的

好处留给自己。

32、AccordingtoERCsupporters,scientistsarenotreachingtheirfullpotentialbecause

A、theEuropeanUnionisnotascompetitiveastheU.S..

B、memberstatescannotcooperateasshouldhave.

C、Europedoesnothaveenoughtopresearchinstitutions.

D、researchactivitiesinEuropelackenoughcompetition.

标准答案：D:

知识点解析：原因细节题。文章第二段尾句说"ERC的支持者认为欧洲研究机构的

活动是支离破碎的，因此没有发挥全部潜能，而第三段开头句说：在美国，全国

的科研队伍彼此竞争科研经费。证明真正原因在于欧洲的研究行为缺乏竞争。

33、Thephrase"steppedupanotch"(line1,paragraph5)mostprobablymeans

A、improved.

B、decreased.

C、worsened.

D、stamped.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：含义题。文章第五段后面说”欧洲的诺贝尔奖获得者比美国少很多，

而有了来自中国和印度的竞争后，欧洲的比例还可能进一步下降，而第一句说”欧

洲的研究质量需要—%由此可见是需要”提高、改善”的。只有答案选项正确。

34、WhichofthefollowingcontributestotheweakperformanceofEurope?

A、Ahugelackofresearcherswithcompetitiveedge.

B、Theinabilitytointegratenewstrengthintotheirresearchteams.

C^Anunderfundingofthebasicresearchprograms.

D、IheinabilitytotrainyoungresearcherstocompetewiththeU.S.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：判断题。文章第六段开头提到两个原因：第一，欧洲研究人员之间没

有真正的竞争，第二，艰难吸引年轻人进入研究生涯。只有答案选项符合第二条原

因。

35、ERC'sultimatesuccessseemstoliein

A、thehandsoftheEuropeanParliament.

B、thesupportofmemberstatesoftheEC.

C、theabsenceofpoliticalintervention.

D、thenumberofvoteseachmemberisallotted.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章最后两段都反复提到了freefromtheinterference,证明ERC真正

的成功在于没有政治因素干扰。

Inthedimlylitcyber-cafeatSciences-Po,hot-houseoftheFrenchelite,noGauloise

smokefillstheair,nodog-earedcopiesofSartrelieonthetables.Frenchstudentsare

doingwhatallstudentsdo:surfingthewebviaGoogle.NowPresidentJacquesChirac

wantstostopthisAmericanculturalinvasionbysettinguparivalFrenchsearch-engine.

TheideawaspromptedbyGoogle'splantoputonlinemillionsoftextsfromAmerican

andBritishuniversitylibraries.IfEnglishbooksarethreateningtoswampcyberspace,

Mr.Chiracwillnotstandidlyby.Heaskedhiscultureminister,RenaudDonnedieude

Vabrcs,andJcan-NoclJcanncncy,headofFrance'sBibliothcqucNationalc,todothe

sameforFrenchtexts—andcreateahome-grownsearch-enginetobrowsethem.Whynot

letGoogledothejob?ItsFrenchversionisusedfor74%ofinternetsearchesinFrance.

Theansweristhevulgarcriteriaitusestorankresults."Idonotbelieve",wroteMr.

DonnedieudeVabresinLeMonde,"thattheonlykeyioaccessourcultureshouldbethe

automaticrankingbypopularity,whichhasbeenbehindGoogle'ssuccess".Thisisnot

thefirsttimeGooglehasmetFrenchresistance.Acourthasupheldarulingagainstit,in

alawsuitbroughtbytwofirmsthatclaimeditsdisplayofrivalsponsoredlinks(Google's

chiefsourceofrevenues)constitutedtrademarkcounterfeiting.TheFrenchstatenews

agency,AgenceFrance-Presse,hasalsofiledsuitagainstGoogleforcopyright

infringement.Googlephobiaisspreading.Mr.Jeanneneyhastalkedofthe"riskof

crushingdominationbyAmericaindefiningtheviewthatfuturegenerationshaveofthe

world.""IhavenothinginparticularagainstGoogle",hetoldL.Express,amagazine."I

simplynotethatthiscommercialcompanyistheexpressionoftheAmericansystem,in

whichthelawofthemarketisking'1.Advertisingmuscleandconsumerdemandshould

nottriumphovergoodtasteandculturalsophistication.TheflawsintheFrenchplanare

obvious.Ifpopularitycannotarbitrate,whatwill?Mr.Jeanneneywantsa"committeeof

experts1'.Heappearstobeserious,thoughthesupplyofFrench-speakingexperts,or

expertsspeakinganylanguageforthatmatter,wouldseemtobeinsufficient.Andif

advertisingisnottopay,willthetaxpayer?TheplanmirrorsanotherofMr.Chirac'spet

projects:aCNNalafrancaise.Overayearago,stungbythepowerofEnglish-speaking

televisionnewschannelsintheIraqwar,Mr.ChiracpromisedtosetupaFrenchrivalby

theendof2004.Theprojectisboggeddownbyinfighting.France'sdesiretocombat

English,onthewebortheairwaves,isunderstandable.ProtectingFrance'stonguefrom

itscitizens1inclinationtoadoptEnglishwordsisanancienthobbyoftherulingelite.The

AcademicFrancaisewassetupin1635