英语被动语态语法重点与练习题

英语被动语态语法重点与练习题在英语的万千表达中，被动语态扮演着不可或缺的角色。它不仅仅是一种语法现象，更是我们在特定语境下精准传达信息、调整表达重心的有效工具。理解并熟练运用被动语态，能让我们的语言表达更具灵活性和得体性。本文将深入剖析被动语态的核心要点，并辅以针对性练习，助你真正掌握这一语法难点。一、被动语态的核心构成被动语态的基本结构可以概括为“be动词+过去分词(PastParticiple)”。这里的“be动词”并非一成不变，它需要根据句子的时态、人称和数进行相应的变化。过去分词则通常由动词原形加“-ed”构成（不规则动词需特殊记忆）。*一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词*Thebookiswrittenbyafamousauthor.(这本书由一位著名作家所写。)*一般过去时:was/were+过去分词*Theletterwaspostedyesterday.(这封信是昨天寄出的。)*一般将来时:willbe/am/is/aregoingtobe+过去分词*现在进行时:am/is/are+being+过去分词*过去进行时:was/were+being+过去分词*ThereportwasbeingtypedwhenIenteredtheoffice.(我进办公室时，报告正在被录入。)*现在完成时:have/has+been+过去分词*Theworkhasbeenfinishedaheadofschedule.(工作已提前完成。)*过去完成时:had+been+过去分词*Thethiefhadbeencaughtbeforehereachedthestation.(小偷在到达车站前就已被抓获。)二、被动语态的使用情境被动语态的选用，往往取决于我们想要强调的重点或所处的语境：1.动作的承受者是谈话的中心或需要强调时:**Active:*PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.**Passive:*Englishisspokenallovertheworld.(强调“英语”这一语言被广泛使用)2.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时:*Mybikewasstolenlastnight.(不知道谁偷的，或没必要说出是谁偷的)*Thisbridgewasbuiltinthe19thcentury.(重点在桥的建造时间，而非建造者)3.出于礼貌、措辞委婉或避免提及动作执行者时:*Itissuggestedthatweattendthemeeting.(比“Isuggest...”更委婉，尤其在提出建议时)*Mistakesweremade.(有时用于不直接指责某人，强调错误这一事实)4.在科技文献、新闻报道、官方公告等文体中，常使用被动语态以体现客观性:*Thenewpolicywillbeimplementednextyear.(官方公告)*Datawerecollectedfromvarioussources.(科技文献)三、被动语态的特殊结构与注意事项1.带有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+过去分词*Thistaskmustbefinishedtoday.*Theproblemcanbesolvedinanotherway.2.“动词+介词/副词”短语动词的被动语态:注意不要遗漏短语中的介词或副词。**Active:*Theywilllookafterthechildren.**Passive:*Thechildrenwillbelookedafter.**Active:*Wehaveputoffthemeeting.**Passive:*Themeetinghasbeenputoff.3.主动语态中不带to的不定式作宾补，变为被动语态时要加上to:**Active:*Wemadehimworkallday.**Passive:*Hewasmadetoworkallday.**Active:*Isawherentertheroom.**Passive:*Shewasseentoentertheroom.(但如果是“Isawherenteringtheroom,”被动则为“Shewasseenenteringtheroom.”)4.主动语态中的间接宾语变为主语时:直接宾语保留原位；若直接宾语变为主语，则间接宾语前通常需加介词to或for。**Active:*Shegavemeabook.(me间接宾语,abook直接宾语)**Passive:*Iwasgivenabook.(间接宾语me变为主语I)**Passive:*Abookwasgiventome.(直接宾语abook变为主语，间接宾语me前加to)5.“by+动作执行者”的运用:当需要明确指出动作执行者时，用“by+名词/代词宾格”结构置于句末。四、实战演练：练习题一、将下列主动句改为被动句。1.PeoplegrowriceinthesouthofChina.3.Theywillbuildanewhospitalherenextyear.5.Everyoneshouldobeythetrafficregulations.二、用括号内所给动词的适当被动形式填空。1.Thisnovel______(write)byayoungwriterlastyear.(write)2.Theclassroom______(clean)everyday.(clean)3.Anewbridge______(build)overtherivernow.(build)4.Theproblem______(solve)beforewearrived.(solve)5.Thisletter______(mustsend)atonce.(send)三、选择最佳答案。1.Manyaccidents______bycarelessdriving.A.arecausedB.causeC.causedD.werecausing2.Themeeting______becauseofthebadweather.A.willpostponeB.haspostponedC.ispostponedD.willbepostponed3.I______tothepartylastnight,butIhadtoworkovertime.A.wasinvitedB.invitedC.aminvitedD.invite4.English______allovertheworld.A.speaksB.isspokenC.spokeD.wasspoken5.Thethief______bythepolicewhenhewastryingtoescape.A.catchesB.caughtC.wascaughtD.hascaught---参考答案一、将下列主动句改为被动句。1.RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.3.Anewhospitalwillbebuiltherenextyear.5.Thetrafficregulationsshouldbeobeyed(byeveryone).二、用括号内所给动词的适当被动形式填空。1.waswritten2.iscleaned3