河北省张家口市尚义县某中学2024-2025学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河北省张家口市尚义县某中学2024-2025学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABestPlacestoVisitinEuropefor2025Europeancountriesarefullofvibrantcitiesburstingwithcultureandsceniclandscapes.Withabundantmust-seesights,itcomesasnosurprisethatdecidingwhichspotstovisitcanbedifficult.UsethislisttostartplanningyourEuropeangetaway.AmsterdamSpendthedaycyclingthroughAmsterdam’sstylishstreetsbeforeexploringnoteworthymuseumsliketheVanGoghMuseum.PlanapicnicinVondelparkforlunchorchooseaboattouralongthecity’smanycanals(运河)whenit’stimetorestyourfeet.Whileyou’rehere,considerplanningadaytriptooneofAmsterdam’snearbyscenicplaces—UtrechtandLeidenarebothworthvisiting.VeniceTravelerswillappreciateVenice’sattractivecanalsandhistoricalarchitecture.Keepinmind,though,thatthisextremelypopulardestinationseesmassivecrowds,especiallyduringthewarmermonths.Tocontrolovertourism,Venicechargestouristsasmallfeetoenteronselectdates.Plus,gondola(凤尾船)ridesandhotelsarepricey,soyou’llwanttobudgetaccordingly.PragueAvacationinPraguewillleaveyoufeelingasifyou’vesteppedintoafairytale.TakeintheGothicarchitectureandbesuretotourPragueCastle.Plus,Prague’saffordablefoodanddrinks,accommodationsandexcellentpublictransportationmakeitagreatplacefortravelerswhowishtovisitEuropeonabudget.LondonExploringtheworld-famousBritishMuseum,seeingamusicalintheWestEndtheaterdistrict,watchingtheChangingoftheGuardatBuckinghamPalaceandsteppingbackintimeattheTowerofLondonareallpartsoftheLondonexperience.However,London’shighhotelpricescanmaketravelerswithtightbudgetsbackoff.Tosavemoney,bookyouraccommodationsfarinadvance.1.Whichcityhastakenmeasurestomanagetheoverwhelmingnumberofvisitors?A.Venice. B.London. C.Amsterdam. D.Prague.2.WhatcanatravelerdoinLondonfromthetext?A.Takeaboatrideonbeautifulcanals. B.Enjoytastyfoodinlow-costhotels.C.Watchaperformanceinatheater. D.Visitahistoriccastlefreeofcharge.3.Whatdothefourcitieshaveincommon?A.Theyareallfreefromcrowdissues. B.Theyallhavediversetouristattractions.C.Theyareallfamousfortheirlonghistory. D.Theyallofferaffordableoptionsforvisitors.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2025年欧洲值得游览的四个城市及其特色旅游活动和注意事项。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据Venice部分中“Tocontrolovertourism,Venicechargestouristsasmallfeetoenteronselectdates.(为了控制过度旅游，威尼斯向游客收取少量费用，让他们在特定日期进入)”可知，威尼斯采取了措施来管理过多的游客数量。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据London部分中“Exploringtheworld-famousBritishMuseum,seeingamusicalintheWestEndtheaterdistrict,watchingtheChangingoftheGuardatBuckinghamPalaceandsteppingbackintimeattheTowerofLondonareallpartsoftheLondonexperience.(探索世界著名的大英博物馆，在西区剧院区看音乐剧，在白金汉宫观看卫兵换岗，在伦敦塔回到过去，这些都是伦敦体验的一部分)”可知，在伦敦可以在西区剧院区看一场音乐剧，也就是在剧院观看表演。故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据Amsterdam部分中“SpendthedaycyclingthroughAmsterdam’sstylishstreetsbeforeexploringnoteworthymuseumsliketheVanGoghMuseum.PlanapicnicinVondelparkforlunchorchooseaboattouralongthecity’smanycanals(运河)whenit’stimetorestyourfeet.(花一天时间骑自行车穿梭于阿姆斯特丹时尚的街道，然后参观著名的博物馆，比如梵高博物馆。午餐可以选择在温德尔公园野餐，或者选择乘船游览城市的众多运河，让双脚休息一下)”可知，在Amsterdam可以游览博物馆、在公园野餐、乘船游览运河等；根据Venice部分中“TravelerswillappreciateVenice’sattractivecanalsandhistoricalarchitecture.(游客会欣赏威尼斯迷人的运河和历史建筑)”可知，Venice可以欣赏运河和历史建筑；根据Prague部分中“TakeintheGothicarchitectureandbesuretotourPragueCastle.(欣赏哥特式建筑，并确保参观布拉格城堡)”可知，Prague可以欣赏哥特式建筑、游览布拉格城堡；根据London部分中“Exploringtheworld-famousBritishMuseum,seeingamusicalintheWestEndtheaterdistrict,watchingtheChangingoftheGuardatBuckinghamPalaceandsteppingbackintimeattheTowerofLondonareallpartsoftheLondonexperience.(探索世界著名的英国博物馆，观看西区剧院区的音乐剧，在白金汉宫观看卫兵换岗仪式，以及在伦敦塔回顾历史，这些都是伦敦体验的一部分)”可知，London可以参观大英博物馆、在西区剧院看音乐剧、看白金汉宫的换岗仪式、参观伦敦塔等。由此可知，这四个城市都有各种各样的旅游景点。故选B。BOneevening,TomPetersondecidedtogoonahikeinthemountainsnearhishome.Hetoldhisfamilyhe’dbebackbynightfall,sowhenhedidn’treturnasexpected,theybecameconcerned.Ataround8p.m.,theytriedtoreachhimonhiscellphonebutreceivednoresponse.Tom’sbrother,Jack,decidedtoheadtothetrail(小径)andlookforhim.WhenJackarrived,hefoundTom’sbackpackonthesideofthetrail,buttherewasnosignofTomhimself.Tom’sfamilybecameevenmoreanxious.Hismotherkeptpicturinghimlostandalone,wonderingifhewascold,scared,oreveninjured.Shefelthelpless,knowingshecouldn’tprotectherson.Hisfather,ontheotherhand,struggledtoremaincalm,reassuringhiswifewhilesilentlyfearingtheworst.Asmidnightapproached,Tom’sfamilydecideditwastimetocallforprofessionalhelp.Thesearchteamarrivedswiftly,equippedwithflashlightsandheat-sensitivecameras,andbegancombingthetrail.Tom,downthehillwithaninjuredankle,layinthedark,battlingwavesofdoubt.Asthecoldnightdeepened,hequestionedifanyonewouldfindhim,feelingsmallanddefencelessagainstthevastwilderness.Heturnedhisflashlightonandoff,hopingsomeonewouldnoticetheweaklight,holdingontothelastbitofhopehehad.Finally,theteamspottedhimaboutamilefromthemainpath.Seeingtherescuersapproach,Tom’sreliefwashedoverhim,andhisworriesmeltedaway.Hisfamilywasoverjoyedwhentheysawhim,theirworstfearsreplacedbydeepthankfulnessandnewfoundappreciationforeachother.Later,whenaskedabouthowhemadeitthroughthelong,darkhoursalone,Tomsharedthatitwasthethoughtofhisfamilythatkepthimgoing.Forhim,holdingontothehopeofreunitingwiththemwashisonlychoiceinthevast,lonelywilderness.4.WhywereTom’sfamilyworriedinitially?A.Tomfailedtoreturnhomeasplanned.B.Tom’sphonewasswitchedoffallevening.C.Tomlefthisbackpackonthetrailintentionally.D.Tomwasunpreparedforhishikeinthemountains.5.HowdidTom’smotheremotionallyreacttotheincidentinparagraph2?A.Shedoubtedthesearchteam’sabilities.B.SheblamedTomforbeingirresponsible.C.Sheremainedcalmandsupportedherfamily.D.ShefeltfrustratedaboutherinabilitytohelpTom.6.WhatallowedtherescuerstolocateTom?A.Histracksledthemtohislocation. B.Hesignaledthemwithhisflashlight.C.Heusedspecialcamerastospotthem. D.Heshoutedforhelpuntiltheyheardhim.7.WhathelpedTomsurvivethenightinthewilderness?A.Hisrichhikingexperience. B.Thewarmclotheshewore.C.Hisstrongphysicalstrength. D.Thebeliefofseeinghislovedonesagain.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了小男孩汤姆傍晚出去徒步，没有在约定时间回来，电话也联系不上，家人很担心，寻找无果后报警，最后救援人员找到他，他因脚踝受伤不能行走，在野外黑暗中想着家人才坚持到获救。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Hetoldhisfamilyhe’dbebackbynightfall,sowhenhedidn’treturnasexpected,theybecameconcerned.(他告诉他的家人他会在傍夜幕降临前回来，所以当他没有像预期的那样回来时，他们开始担心起来)”可知，最初家人开始担心是因为他没有按原来说好的时间回来。故选A项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Hismotherkeptpicturinghimlostandalone,wonderingifhewascold,scared,oreveninjured.Shefelthelpless,knowingshecouldn’tprotectherson.(他的母亲一直想象着他迷路、孤独的样子，不知道他是冷了、害怕了，还是受伤了。她感到无助，知道自己保护不了儿子)”可知，母亲为自己没有能力帮助到遇到困难的儿子而沮丧无助。故选D项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thesearchteamarrivedswiftly,equippedwithflashlightsandheat-sensitivecameras,andbegancombingthetrail.(搜索队迅速赶到，配备了手电筒和热感应相机，开始搜寻踪迹)”可知，救援人员带有专业的热感应相机，这可以使他们找到汤姆。故选C项。【7题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Later,whenaskedabouthowhemadeitthroughthelong,darkhoursalone,Tomsharedthatitwasthethoughtofhisfamilythatkepthimgoing.Forhim,holdingontothehopeofreunitingwiththemwashisonlychoiceinthevast,lonelywilderness.(后来，当被问及他是如何独自度过漫长而黑暗的时光时，汤姆说，是对家人的思念让他坚持了下来。对他来说，在茫茫寂寞的荒野中，抱着与他们团聚的希望是他唯一的选择)”可知，在黑暗的荒野中，是他想要见到亲人的信念使他坚持下来，最终得到救援。故选D项。CWeknowthatfruitsandvegetablescanhelptokeepourbodieshealthy.Accordingtoanewstudy,eatingfruitsinmiddleagecouldalsohelptoreducethechancesofdevelopingdepressionlaterinlifethoughweshouldpayattentiontotheamountoffruitsweeat.ResearchersfromChinaandSingaporewantedtofindoutmoreaboutwhethereatingfruitsandvegetablescouldhaveaneffectonourmentalhealth.Theylookedatmorethan13,700ChineseadultswhowerelivinginSingapore.Thestudyperiodbeganbetween1993and1998whentheChineseadultswereagedbetween45and74.Everyonewasaskedaboutthefruitsandvegetablestheylikedtoeat.14fruitsand25typesofvegetableswereincludedinthequestionnaire.TheChineseadultswerefollowedforanaverageofalmost20years.Bythistime,theywereagedbetween61and96.Theywereaskedtocompleteaquestionnairethatcoulddecidewhetherolderpeopledevelopdepression.Attheendofthestudyperiod,almost3,200peoplehadthefeelingofdepression.Theresearchersfoundthathigherconsumptionoffruitsduringmiddleagewasconnectedwithalowerprobabilityofdevelopingdepressioninlatelife.Thosewhoatethemostfruitswere29%lesslikelytodevelopdepressioncomparedtothosewhoatetheleast.However,theydidn’tfindanyconnectionbetweeneatingvegetablesanddevelopingdepression.Itwassuggestedthatthereasonforthismaybethatfruitsareusuallyeatenraw,whilevegetablesareoftencooked.Cookingvegetablesmightlimitthe“protectiveeffects”ofthenutrientsinthefoods,theresearcherssuggested,althoughtheysaidmoreresearchwasneeded.Alltypesoffruitswerefoundtohaveaneffect,especiallyoranges,bananas,papayasandwatermelons.8.Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?A.Byfollowingparticipantsforalongperiodoftime.B.Byobservingthephysicalhealthoftheparticipants.C.Byconductinglaboratorytestsonfruitsandvegetables.D.Byaskingparticipantsaboutthecausesoftheirdepression.9.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thestudyprocess. B.Thestudypurpose.C.Thestudyfindings. D.Thestudyobjects.10.Whymightvegetables’benefitsbelimitedaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Vegetablesareofteneatenraw. B.Thetypesofvegetablesarelimited.C.Vegetablesarelesspopularthanfruits. D.Cookingmightreducetheirnutritionalvalue.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheConnectionbetweenDietandMentalHealthB.TheImportanceofEatingRawFruitsandVegetablesC.Vegetables:TheirLimitedRoleinPreventingDepressionD.FruitsinMiddleAge:AKeytoAvoidingDepressionLater【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项关于中年时期食用水果与晚年抑郁风险之间关系的研究。研究发现，中年时期多吃水果可以降低晚年患抑郁症的几率，而蔬菜的摄入量与抑郁风险之间则未发现明显关联。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“TheChineseadultswerefollowedforanaverageofalmost20years.Bythistime,theywereagedbetween61and96.Theywereaskedtocompleteaquestionnairethatcoulddecidewhetherolderpeopledevelopdepression.(些中国成年人平均被跟踪了近20年。到那时，他们的年龄在61岁到96岁之间。他们被要求完成一份调查问卷，该问卷可以决定老年人是否会患上抑郁症。)”可知，研究人员通过长时间跟踪参与者进行这项研究。故选A。【9题详析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Theresearchersfoundthathigherconsumptionoffruitsduringmiddleagewasconnectedwithalowerprobabilityofdevelopingdepressioninlatelife.Thosewhoatethemostfruitswere29%lesslikelytodevelopdepressioncomparedtothosewhoatetheleast.However,theydidn’tfindanyconnectionbetweeneatingvegetablesanddevelopingdepression.(研究人员发现，中年时多吃水果与晚年患抑郁症的可能性较低有关。与吃最少水果的人相比，吃最多水果的人患抑郁症的可能性要低29%。然而，他们并没有发现吃蔬菜和患抑郁症之间有任何联系。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是研究结果。故选C。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Cookingvegetablesmightlimitthe“protectiveeffects”ofthenutrientsinthefoods,theresearcherssuggested,althoughtheysaidmoreresearchwasneeded.(研究人员表示，烹饪蔬菜可能会限制食物中营养物质的“保护作用”，尽管他们表示还需要更多的研究。)”可知，研究人员认为蔬菜的益处有限是因为烹饪可能会降低它们的营养价值。故选D。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Accordingtoanewstudy,eatingfruitsinmiddleagecouldalsohelptoreducethechancesofdevelopingdepressionlaterinlifethoughweshouldpayattentiontotheamountoffruitsweeat.(根据一项新的研究，在中年吃水果也可以帮助减少以后患抑郁症的几率，尽管我们应该注意我们吃的水果的数量。)”可知，本文主要讲的是一项关于中年时期食用水果与晚年抑郁风险之间关系的研究。研究发现，中年时期多吃水果可以降低晚年患抑郁症的几率，而蔬菜的摄入量与抑郁风险之间则未发现明显关联，因此最好的题目是D选项“FruitsinMiddleAge:AKeytoAvoidingDepressionLater(中年时期食用水果：避免晚年抑郁的关键)”。故选D。DImagineatinybirdthateatstheberriesofaparticularmountaintree.Thattreecanonlygrowataspecificaltitudearoundthemountain,whereit’sevolvedoveryearstothrive(茁壮成长)inthatmicroclimate.Asglobaltemperaturesrise,thetreeandthebirdwillbeforcedtorisetoo,trackingtheirmicroclimate.Eventually,theyreachthepeak,andthenthere’snowhereelsetogo.Scientistscallthismountainphenomenonthe“escalatortoextinction”.Researchershaveconductedmanystudiesabouthowdifferentspeciesrespondtodifferentlevelsofclimatechange,findingvariedresults.Togetabetteroverallpicturefordecisionmakerswhowantedtoknowhowclimatechangewouldcauseextinction,MarkUrban,abiologistsoughttobringallthosestudiestogether.Unfortunately,hefoundthatthepicturewasworrisome.Theglobehasalreadywarmedbyabout1.3degreesCelsiusfromthepreindustrialaverage,whichwouldpushabout1.6%ofspeciestowardsextinctionby2100.Ifglobalwarminggetsoutofhand,warming4or5degreesCelsius,30%ofspeciescouldbeatrisk.Scientistshavedescribedroughly2millionspecies,butthat’slikelyjustapartofthebiodiversityintheplanet.It’sestimatedthatthenumbertendstowardsabout10million.Urbanreported,thatwouldmeantheplanetisalreadyontracktoloseabout160,000species,andcouldseenearly3milliondisappearsoon.“Tostopthelossofbiodiversity,weneedtostrikeattheheartofthematter.”saysJohnWiens,abiologistattheUniversityofArizona.Inmanyinstances,stoppingbiodiversitylossmeanspreservingtheirnaturalhabitats,throughprotectedareasornationalparks,whichwon’tnecessarilywork,saysWiens.Targetedconservationeffortscouldhelpslowlosses,Urbansays,butthey’reultimatelynosubstituteforreducingemissions.Itrequiresamoreglobalsolutionintermsofstoppingcarbonemissions.Thestudypresentsaclearchoicetodecisionmakers.It’shightimetoreduceemissionsnowandworktoprotectthat2%ofspeciesatriskcurrently!12.Whatdoes“escalatortoextinction”meanaccordingtothetext?A.Speciesarebecomingdiverseduetoclimatechange.B.Speciesareforcedtorelocatebutcannotgoanyhigher.C.Speciesmovetohigheraltitudestoescapeclimatechange.D.Speciesadapttowarmerenvironmentsastemperaturesrise.13.Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopthethirdparagraph?A.Byprovidingdata. B.Bypresentingexamples.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Byofferingbackgrounds.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromJohnWiens’words?A.Preservingnaturewillsolveallbiodiversityissues.B.Weshouldfocusonlyonlocalconservationefforts.C.Protectinghabitatsalonemaynotbeenoughtostopspeciesloss.D.Emissionsreductionislesscrucialthanprotectingnaturalhabitats.15.Whydoestheauthorwritethistext?A.Toentertain. B.Tointroduce. C.Toappeal. D.Tocomplain.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是气候变化对生物多样性的影响以及应对措施。【12题详析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Asglobaltemperaturesrise,thetreeandthebirdwillbeforcedtorisetoo,trackingtheirmicroclimate.Eventually,theyreachthepeak,andthenthere’snowhereelsetogo.(随着全球气温上升，树木和鸟类也将被迫上升，以追踪它们的小气候。最终，他们到达了顶峰，然后无处可去。)”和第二段“Scientistscallthismountainphenomenonthe“escalatortoextinction”.(科学家称这种山脉现象为“escalatortoextinction”。)”可知，“escalatortoextinction”的意思是物种被迫迁移，但不能再迁到更高的地方。故选B。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theglobehasalreadywarmedbyabout1.3degreesCelsiusfromthepreindustrialaverage,whichwouldpushabout1.6%ofspeciestowardsextinctionby2100.Ifglobalwarminggetsoutofhand,warming4or5degreesCelsius,30%ofspeciescouldbeatrisk.Scientistshavedescribedroughly2millionspecies,butthat’slikelyjustapartofthebiodiversityintheplanet.It’sestimatedthatthenumbertendstowardsabout10million.(全球气温已经比工业化前的平均水平上升了1.3摄氏度，到2100年，这将导致1.6%的物种濒临灭绝。如果全球变暖失控，升温4到5摄氏度，30%的物种可能面临危险。科学家们已经描述了大约200万种物种，但这可能只是地球生物多样性的一部分。据估计，这个数字接近1000万。)”可知，作者主要是通过提供数据展开第三段的，故选A。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Tostopthelossofbiodiversity,weneedtostrikeattheheartofthematter.”saysJohnWiens,abiologistattheUniversityofArizona.Inmanyinstances,stoppingbiodiversitylossmeanspreservingtheirnaturalhabitats,throughprotectedareasornationalparks,whichwon’tnecessarilywork,saysWiens.(“要阻止生物多样性的丧失，我们需要直击问题的核心。”UniversityofArizona生物学家JohnWiens说道。Wiens指出，在许多情况下，阻止生物多样性丧失意味着通过保护区或国家公园来保护它们的自然栖息地，但这并不一定会奏效。)”可知，从JohnWiens的话中可以推断出仅仅保护栖息地可能不足以阻止物种的流失。故选C。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’shightimetoreduceemissionsnowandworktoprotectthat2%ofspeciesatriskcurrently!(现在是时候减少排放，努力保护目前处于危险中的2%的物种了！)”可知，本文主要的目的是发出呼吁，故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inrecentyears,theideaofa“growthmindset”hasbecomemoreandmorepopular.Agrowthmindsetmeansbelievingthatyoucangetbetteratthingslikelearningandusingyourbrainbyworkinghard.___16___.Peoplewithafixedmindsetthinkthey’rebornwithcertainabilitiesandcan’tchangethem.Herearesomewaystogetagrowthmindset.Lovechallenges.Don’ttrytostayawayfromhardthings.___17___.Everytimeyougetthroughachallenge,youfeelmoreconfidentandproudofyourself.Whenyouhaveatoughtask,tellyourselfit’sagoodchancetomakeyourskillsbetter.Thiskindofpositivethinkingcanhelpyounotbeafraidoffailingandmakeyouwanttotakeonchallenges.Learnfrommistakes.Everyonemakesmistakes,butpeoplewithagrowthmindsetthinkmistakesaregoodforlearning.Theythinkmistakesareanormalpartoflearningandawaytogetbetter.___18___,findoutwhereyoucandobetter,andmakeaplantodoitnexttime.Bythinkingofmistakesasstepstosuccess,youcanturnbadthingsintochancestogrow.Keepgoingwhenthingsaretough.Whenyourunintoproblemsordon’tsucceedatfirst,it’seasytofeelbadandstoptrying.Butpeoplewithagrowthmindsetknowthatproblemsdon’tlastforever.Theyuseproblemsasareasontokeepgoing.Theytellthemselvesthatnotsucceedingdoesn’tmeanit’sover.It’sachancetolearnandtryagain.___19___.___20___.Don’tbeafraidtoaskotherswhattheythinkaboutyourwork.Theadvicecantellyouwhatyou’regoodatandwhatyouneedtoworkon.Ithelpsyoufindoutwhereyoucangetbetter.Also,watchandlearnfromwhatothersdowellandwhattheydowrong.Youcanlearnalotfromtheirexperiencesanduseittohelpyourselfgrow.A.TakesomespecialistadviceB.FigureoutwhatwentwrongC.AskforadviceandlearnfromothersD.ThinkofthemaschancestolearnandgetbetterE.Thiswayofthinkingisdifferentfroma“fixedmindset”F.ItisveryimportantpsychologicallyforpeopletosucceedG.Remember,peoplewhokeeptryingusuallygettobesuccessful【答案】16.E17.D18.B19.G20.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了获得成长心态的方法。【16题详析】根据上文“Agrowthmindsetmeansbelievingthatyoucangetbetteratthingslikelearningandusingyourbrainbyworkinghard,(成长型思维模式意味着相信通过努力工作，你可以在学习和动脑等方面做得更好。)”以及下文“Peoplewithafixedmindsetthinkthey’rebornwithcertainabilitiesandcan’tchangethem.(有固定心态的人认为他们天生就有某种能力，无法改变。)”可知，作者在上文及下文分别提出成长型思维及固定心态思维，此处是将两种不同的思维进行对比，起到承上启下的作用。E选项“Thiswayofthinkingisdifferentfroma“fixedmindset”(这种思维方式不同于“固定心态”)”符合语境。故选E。【17题详析】根据下文“Everytimeyougetthroughachallenge,youfeelmoreconfidentandproudofyourself.(每次你克服了一个挑战，你就会感到更加自信和自豪。)”可知，下文作者举例说明克服困难挑战之后，你会变得自信，因此此处作者提出关于困难挑战的建议，D选项“Thinkofthemaschancestolearnandgetbetter(把它们看作是学习和变得更好的机会)”符合语境，并与前文“Lovechallenges.Don’ttrytostayawayfromhardthings.(爱挑战。不要试图远离困难的事情)”形成呼应。故选D。【18题详析】根据下文“findoutwhereyoucandobetter,andmakeaplantodoitnexttime.Bythinkingofmistakesasstepstosuccess,youcanturnbadthingsintochancestogrow.(找出你可以做得更好的地方，并制定一个下次做的计划。把错误看作通往成功的步骤，你就能把坏事变成成长的机会。)”可知，下文作者针对错误提出相应的建议，因此此处理应先找出所犯的错误。B选项“Figureoutwhatwentwrong(找出问题所在)”符合语境。故选B。【19题详析】根据上文“Keepgoingwhenthingsaretough.(遇到困难时要坚持)”可知，本都提出的建议是：坚持。因此此处会鼓励读者要坚持。G选项“Remember,peoplewhokeeptryingusuallygettobesuccessful(记住，不断努力的人通常会成功)”符合语境。故选G。【20题详析】根据下文“Don’tbeafraidtoaskotherswhattheythinkaboutyourwork.Theadvicecantellyouwhatyou’regoodatandwhatyouneedtoworkon.Ithelpsyoufindoutwhereyoucangetbetter.(不要害怕询问别人对你工作的看法。这些建议可以告诉你你擅长什么，你需要在什么方面努力。它会帮助你发现你可以在哪里变得更好。)”可知，此处在针对他人建议提出看法，即要积极寻求他人的建议，他人建议可以帮助自己，要向其学习。C选项“Askforadviceandlearnfromothers(寻求建议，向别人学习)”符合语境。故选C。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iwastalkingtomygrandson,Youri,aboutwhatwewantedmostinlife.“I’dliketoseepenguins,”hesaid.“That’sfunny!Ihadthesame___21___whenIwasyourage,”Isaid.“Whypenguins?”Neitherofusknew.Perhapsbecausethisexotic(异国的)animalwas___22___tous.ThenearestpenguinslivedinsouthAmerica;weliveinFrance.Astimewentby,YouriandIcontinuedtotalkaboutpenguins,asifto___23___ourselvesthatweshouldalwaysmakeourdreamscometrue.Oneday,Ireceivedapostcardfromhim.Onthebackhehadwrittenthattheplacewasnice,butit___24___penguins.Thatinspiredsomething___25___me.I___26___mysavingsandsaidtohim,“Comeon,let’sgoand___27___them!”Atthetime,Iwas81andYouriwas14.We___28___together,allonourown.FromBuenosAires,wecrossedPatagoniabybustoTierradelFuego.Yourilookedaftermeevery___29___oftheway,frommakingsureIgotagoodroomatthehotelto___30___themenuformewiththelittleSpanishhespoke.Alongtheway,someFrenchtouristssaidtome,“You’re___31___tohavesuchagrandson!”Forme,mygrandson’s___32___madethistripthegreatestgiftofall.WesawthepenguinsbytheBeagleChannelinArgentina.Inthemiddleofacolony,anadultpenguinemergedfromthewaterand___33___itsyoung,spittingoutamouthfuloffishithadjustcaught.Itlookedexhausted.Theyoungeagerlyatethefish,andtheadultlayonitsside,eyeshalfclosed,looking___34___withitswork.Thesedays,Ifeellikethat___35___whenIlookatYouri,whoisnow20andknowshecandreambig.21.A.vision B.wonder C.dream D.option22.A.unfamiliar B.ungentle C.insecure D.inaccurate23.A.warn B.teach C.invite D.remind24.A.bagged B.lacked C.dropped D.housed25.A.at B.on C.in D.by26.A.dippedinto B.lookedinto C.actedon D.reflectedon27.A.catch B.feed C.see D.buy28.A.brokeoff B.setoff C.camedown D.settledown29.A.zone B.line C.mode D.inch30.A.translating B.providing C.managing D.updating31.A.ready B.lucky C.eager D.crazy32.A.birth B.advice C.presence D.courage33.A.advocated B.attacked C.amused D.approached34.A.satisfied B.careful C.patient D.blessed35.A.fish B.tourist C.postcard D.penguin【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.C26.A27.C28.B29.D30.A31.B32.C33.D34.A35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是作者与孙子尤里之间关于梦想和旅行的故事。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在你这么大的时候也做过同样的梦想。A.vision视力，视觉；B.wonder奇迹；C.dream梦想；D.option选择。根据上文“aboutwhatwewantedmostinlife”可知，作者在问孙子最想要的是什么，也就是谈梦想，因此此处是指作者在孙子那么大的时候也梦想看到企鹅。故选C。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许是因为我们不熟悉这种奇异的动物。A.unfamiliar不熟悉的；B.ungentle不文雅的；C.insecure不安全的；D.inaccurate不正确的。根据上文“thisexotic(异国的)animal”可知，企鹅是异国的动物，因此作者对它不熟悉。故选A。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的流逝，我和尤里继续谈论企鹅，好像在提醒我们自己，我们应该永远让梦想成真。A.warn警告；B.teach教；C.invite邀请；D.remind提醒。根据下文“thatweshouldalwaysmakeourdreamscometrue”可知，此处指提醒自己我们应该让梦想成真。故选D。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在信的背面，他写着这个地方很好，但是缺少企鹅。A.bagged把……装进袋子；B.lacked缺少；C.dropped掉落；D.housed让……居住。根据第一段“I’dliketoseepenguins”可知，作者一直想看企鹅，所以是觉得这个地方并没有企鹅。故选B。【25题详析】考查介词词义辨析。句意：这激发了我的灵感。A.at在……岁时；B.on在……上面；C.in在……内；D.by被。根据上文“Thatinspiredsomething”可知，作者有了灵感，是作者脑子里出现的。故选C。【26题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我动用自己的积蓄，对他说：“来吧，我们去看看！”A.dippedinto动用；B.lookedinto调查；C.actedon根据……采取行动；D.reflectedon思考。根据下文“Comeon,let’sgo”可知，作者要动用积蓄才能去另一个地方看企鹅。故选A。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我动用自己的积蓄，对他说：“来吧，我们去看看！”A.catch抓住；B.feed喂；C.see看；D.buy买。根据倒数第二段“Wesawthepenguins”可知，作者和孙子出发去看企鹅了。故选C。【28题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们一起出发，全靠我们自己。A.brokeoff中断；B.setoff出发；C.camedown下来；D.settledown定居下来。根据下文“FromBuenosAires,wecrossedPatagoniabybustoTierradelFuego”可知，作者和孙子是出发了。故选B。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尤里全程照顾我，从确保我在酒店找到一个好房间，到用他会说的一点西班牙语为我翻译菜单。A.zone地带；B.line线条；C.mode模式；D.inch英寸。根据下文“oftheway”和“frommakingsureIgotagoodroomatthehotelto”可知，作者的孙子全程照顾作者，很无微不至，所以空格处用“英寸”。故选D。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尤里全程照顾我，从确保我在酒店找到一个好房间，到用他会说的一点西班牙语为我翻译菜单。A.translating翻译；B.providing提供；C.managing管理；D.updating更新。根据下文“withthelittleSpanishhespoke”可知，作者的孙子是用西班牙语为作者翻译菜单。故选A。【31题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你真幸运，有这样的孙子！A.ready准备好的；B.lucky幸运的；C.eager渴望的；D.crazy疯狂的。根据上文“Yourilookedaftermeeveryinchoftheway”可知，作者的孙子把作者照顾得很好，所以一路上有游客说作者很幸运。故选B。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，我孙子的在场使这次旅行成为最好的礼物。A.birth出生；B.advice建议；C.presence在场；D.courage勇气。根据第8空后“together,allonourown”和下文“madethistripthegreatestgiftofall”可知，作者的孙子的在场是这次旅行最好的礼物。故选C。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在企鹅群的中央，一只成年企鹅从水里浮出水面，向它的孩子靠近，吐出了一口刚捕到的鱼。A.advocated拥护，提倡；B.attacked攻击；C.amused逗乐，逗笑；D.approached靠近。根据下文“spittingoutamouthfuloffishithadjustcaught”可知，成年的企鹅靠近它的孩子，把鱼吐出来。故选D。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幼崽急切地吃掉了鱼，而成年企鹅侧身躺着，眼睛半闭，对自己的工作感到满意。A.satisfied满意的；B.careful仔细的；C.patient耐心的；D.blessed受祝福的。根据上文“Theyoungeagerlyatethefish,andtheadultlayonitsside,eyeshalfclosed”可知，看着孩子吃掉了鱼，成年企鹅应该对自己做的事情感到满意。故选A。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，当我看着现在已经20岁的尤里，知道他可以有大梦想时，我觉得自己就像那只企鹅一样。A.fish鱼；B.tourist游客；C.postcard明信片；D.penguin企鹅。根据上文“spittingoutamouthfuloffishithadjustcaught.Itlookedexhausted.Theyoungeagerlyatethefish”和下文“whenIlookatYouri”可知，作者觉得自己看着孙子时就像是那个喂自己孩子的成年企鹅。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheChineselanguage,withitsrichhistoryandcomplexsystemofcharacters,has___36___incredibleimpactonlanguagesaroundtheworld.FromneighboringcountrieslikeJapanandKoreatodistant___37___(region)likeIndonesiaandthePhilippines,Chineseleaves___38___(it)markoncountlesslanguagesanddialects.OneofthemostsignificantwaysChinesehasinfluencedotherlanguages___39___(be)throughitswritingsystem.Chinesecharactersareauniqueformofwritingthatusessymbolstorepresententirewordsorideas.Thismakestheman___40___(effect)toolf