项目管理培训教学课件

项目管理培训乔东2001年10月12021目录项目管理概览项目管理过程介绍项目管理知识领域介绍PROJECT软件入门测验案例分析22021发达国家对项目管理的认识已经相当成熟项目管理具有普遍性项目管理对项目的成功具有重要作用项目管理需要特殊的管理方法项目管理已经发展成为一门管理科学越来越多的组织、企业开始重视项目管理据《Fortune》预测，项目经理将成为21世纪年轻人的首选职业32021相关组织和知识体系PMI（ProjectManagementInstitute)PMBOK(ProjectManagementBodyOfKnowledge)PMP(ProjectManagementProfessional)PMP认证考试42021项目的定义PROJECTisatemporaryendeavorundertakentocreateauniqueproductorservice.Operationv.s.ProjectTemporary&Unique&ProgressiveElaboration52021项目管理的定义PROJECTMANAGEMENTistheapplicationofknowledge,skills,tools,andtechniquestoprojectactivitiestomeetprojectrequirementsScope,time,cost,andqualityStakeholderswithdifferingneedsandexpectationsIdentifiedrequirements（needs）andunidentifiedrequirements（expectations）62021项目管理的相关知识结构常见的项目管理知识与实践一般的管理知识和实践应用领域的知识与实践72021项目的利益相关者（Stakeholders）积极参与项目，或其利益受到项目执行过程或项目成功完成的影响的个人和组织。项目经理客户运营中的组织出资人82021外部影响标准法规国际化文化社会、经济、环境92021项目阶段的划分Eachprojectphaseismarkedbycompletionofoneormoredeliverables.Deliverable:tangible,verifiableworkproductPhaseendreview:determineiftheprojectshouldcontinueintoitsnextphasedetectandcorrecterrorscosteffectively102021项目生命周期Projectlifecycleservestodefinethebeginningandtheendofaproject.ProjectlifecycleV.S.Productlifecycleprogramsubproject112021项目组织职能式矩阵式弱矩阵平衡矩阵强矩阵项目式项目经理职责项目经理授权项目经理时间项目协调力度122021项目管理五大阶段InitiatingprocessesPlanningProcessesExecutingProcessesControllingProcessesClosingProcesses132021项目管理过程InitiatingProcessesPlanningProcessesControllingProcessesExecutingProcessesClosingProcesses142021项目管理九大知识领域152021ProjectIntegrationManagement项目计划、执行和控制的不同过程的综合集成项目管理与企业日常运营的集成产品范围与项目范围的集成不同职能部门的成果的集成项目中各约束条件的集成162021ProjectScopeManagementProductscopev.s.Projectscope172021InitiationOutputs:ProjectcharterProjectmanageridentified/assignedConstraintsAssumptions182021ScopePlanningOutput:ScopestatementSupportingdetailScopemanagement192021ScopeDefinition目的：提高估算成本、时间、资源的准确度定义衡量和控制项目绩效的基线明确职责的分派Output:WorkBreakdownStructure（WBS）正确的范围定义是项目成功的关键202021ScopeVerificationScopeverificationv.s.qualitycontrol212021ScopeChangeControl目的：影响产生范围变化的因素，以保证变化是有益的确定范围的变化会发生对变化是否已经发生和发生的时间进行管理222021产生变化的主要原因一个外部事件（如政府法规的改变）在产品范围定义中发生的失误在项目范围定义中发生的失误增值引起的变化（如新技术的引入）232021ProjectTimeManagementActivityDefinitionactivityv.s.deliverableActivityDurationEstimatingresourcerequirementsresourcecapabilitieselapsedtime242021ActivitySequencingDependenciesMandatory,Discretionary,ExternalPDM（AON）:FS,FF,SS,SFADM（AOA）:FSGERT:Looporconditionalbranches252021ScheduleDevelopment考虑因素：项目网络图（活动顺序）活动时间估计资源需求可获得资源日历（项目、资源）限制条件假设前提活动的时间间隔262021ScheduleDevelopment几种常见的表示方法压缩时间的方法CPMCrashingFasttrackingResourceleveling272021ScheduleControl关键路径法最早启动时间（ES）最迟启动时间（LS）Float举例282021ProjectCostManagementResourcePlanningCostEstimatingCostBudgetingCostControl292021常用术语PV:PresentValuePV=FV/（1+r）nNPV:NetPresentValueNPV=PVBCWS:BudgetedCostofWorkScheduledACWP:ActualCostofWorkPerformed302021ProjectQualityManagementQualitypolicyProject&ProductQualityv.s.GradeBenefitv.s.CostPreventionoverinspectionPlannedinv.s.InspectedinManagementresponsibilityPDCAwithphases312021ProjectQualityManagementQualityPlanningQualityAssuranceQualityControl322021CostofQualityPreventionCostsAppraisalCostsFailureCostsInternalExternal332021QualityControlChecklistParetodiagramsCause-and-Effectdiagram342021352021QualityControlOutputs:AcceptancedecisionsReworkQualityimprovementProcessadjustments362021ProjectHumanResourceManagement项目的临时的特点，必然导致人员和组织的关系总是不断改变和具有临时性。企业中的人力资源管理一般都不是项目管理者的直接责任，但作为项目的管理者，必须充分意识到这方面的管理要求对完成项目的保证作用。与沟通管理密切相关372021OrganizationalPlanningIdentifying,documenting,assigningroles,responsibilities,reportingrelationshipsRAM382021RAEW392021团队能力组合专业知识组织协调能力操作型专家型协调型决策型402021StaffAcquisition与职能部门或其他项目的经理谈判预先指定的从外部获得（采购）412021TeamDevelopmentBothenhancingtheabilityofstakeholderstocontributeasindividualsaswellasenhancingtheabilityoftheteamtofunctionasateam.422021ProjectCommunicationsManagement典型的项目经理有75%-90%的时间用于沟通CommunicationsPlanningCommunicationsDistributionPerformanceReportingAdministrativeClosure432021沟通的规模442021项目经理的基本职责PlanningOrganizingLeadershipControl项目经理有75%-90%的时间用于沟通452021项目经理权威的来源正式任命奖励惩罚专业能力人格魅力462021X-Y理论X理论：认为一般情况下工人都是懒惰的，需要监管Y理论：假设工人们不受到监管时也都愿意工作472021ConflictManagementWithdrawing Lose-loseSmoothing Lose-loseCompromising Lose-loseProblemSolving win-winForcing win-lose482021PerformanceReportingStatusreportingProgressreportingForecasting492021PerformanceReportingBCWS:BudgetedCostofWorkScheduledACWP:ActualCostofWorkPerformedBCWP(EV):BudgetedCostofWorkPerformedCV:CostVarianceCV=BCWP-ACWPSV:ScheduleVarianceSV=BCWP-BCWSCPI:CostPerformanceIndexCPI=BCWP/ACWP502021PerformanceReportingBAC:BudgetedAtCompletionEAC:EstimatedAtCompletionActuals-to-date+RemainingBudget/CPIActuals-to-date+NewestimateActuals-to-date+RemainingBudget(RemainingBudget=BAC-EV)VarianceAtCompletionVAC=BAC-EAC512021PerformanceManagement通过持续的沟通，发现问题并解决问题，不断提高绩效522021ProjectRiskManagement贯穿在整个项目过程中包括内部风险和外部风险同时意味着威胁和机会充分考虑成本因素532021Concepts542021RiskManagementPlanningRiskManagementPlanMethodologyRolesandResponsibilitiesBudgetingTimingScoringandinterpretationThresholdsReportingformatsTracking552021RiskIdentificationTypicalprojectrisk:promotion,market,political,technical,financing,environmental,construction(cost,schedule),operating,organizational,integration,forcemajeure.562021RiskIdentificationOutputsOutputs:Risks(events&conditions)Triggers(symptoms)Inputstootherprocesses572021QualitativeRiskAnalysis582021QuantitativeRiskAnalysisSensitivityanalysisDecisionTreeanalysisProbabilitydistributionBetadistributionTriangulardistributionMonteCarlosimulation592021QuantitativeRiskAnalysisRisk=ProbabilityXMagnitudeContegency=magnitude(provision)orRisk(P*M)ExpectedValue(EV)=

PiMi

Pi=1，I=1…n602021RiskResponseDevelopmentAvoidanceTransferenceMitigationAcceptance612021RiskMonitoringandControl保证风险管理计划的执行随时注意计划中的风险的征兆随时注意计划外的风险的可能622021ProcurementPlanningMake-or-BuyanalysisContracttypeselectionFixedpriceorlumpsumcontractCostreimbursablecontractUnitpricecontract