教学材料《建筑英语》-Unit Six

TextABuildingConstruction•FoundationTreatment;•SteelErection;•ConcretePlacement;•CleaningofSite.PlanningtheConstructionTheplanningstartswithadetailedstudyofconstructionplansandspecifications.Fromthisstudy,alistofallitemsofworkisprepared.Theseincludesindividualschedulesforprocurementofmaterials,equipmentsandlabors.Thisisthemostimportantstageifthejobistobedoneeffectivelyandeconomically.上一页下一页返回TextABuildingConstructionTheequipments,laborsandmaterialsforeachstageoftheconstructionmustbeprovidedatthecorrecttime,socarefulplanningisnecessary.PreparationofSite“Threeconnectionsandoneleveling”assuresthataconstructionsiteisconnectedtowater,electricpowersuppliesandroads,meanwhilethegroundisleveledbeforeaprojectisbegun[1].Allsurfacestructuresandthegrowthfromthesiteshouldberemovedandcleared.上一页下一页返回TextABuildingConstructionEarthmovingEarthmovingincludesexcavationandtheplacementofearthfill.Excavationgenerallystartswiththeseparatestrippingoftheorganictopsoil,whichislaterreusedforlandscapingaroundthenewstructure[2].Excavationmaybedonebyanyofseveralexcavators,suchasshovels,draglines,clamshells,cranesandscrapers.Afterplacementoftheearthfill,itisalmostalwayscompactedtopreventsubsequentsettlement.上一页下一页返回TextABuildingConstructionFoundationTreatmentWhensubsurfaceinvestigationrevealsstructuraldefectsinthefoundationareatobeusedforastructure,thefoundationmustbestrengthened.Waterpassages,cavities,fissures,faultsandotherdefectsarefilledandstrengthenedbygrouting.Groutingconsistsofinjectionoffluidmixturesunderpressure.Thefluidssubsequentlysolidifyinthevoidsofthestrata.Mostgroutingisdonewithcementandwatermixtures,butothermixtureingredientsareasphalt,cement,clayandprecipitatingchemicals.上一页下一页返回TextABuildingConstructionSteelErectionTheconstructionofasteelstructureconsistsoftheassemblyatthesiteofmill-rolledorshopfabricatedsteelsections.Thesteelsectionsmayconsistofbeams,columnsorsmalltrusseswhicharejoinedtogetherbyriveting,boltingorwelding[4].ConcretePlacementConcreteconstructionconsistsofseveraloperations:forming,concreteproduction,placementandcuring.Concreteisplacedbychutingdirectlyfromthemixtruck,wherepossible,orfrombucketshandledbymeansofcranesorcableways,oritcanbepumpedintoplacebyspecialconcretepumps[5].上一页下一页返回TextABuildingConstructionCleaningofSiteWhentheconstructioniscomplete,thesitemustbecompletelycleanedandlandscaped,andthebuildinghandedovertomanagersandmaintenancepersonnel.NewWordspredicted[priˈdiktid]adj.预测的，预期的classify[ˈklæsifai]vt.分类，归类site[sait]n.现场earthmoving[ˈɜ:θmu:viŋ]n.土方，土方工作foundation[faunˈdeiʃən]n.地基，基础上一页下一页返回TextABuildingConstructiontreatment[ˈtri:tmənt]n.处理erection[iˈrekʃn]n.架设，安装specification[ˌspesifiˈkeiʃn]n.规格，规范procurement[prəˈkjʊəmənt]n.采购，采购信息level[ˈlevl]vt.平整，弄平excavation[ˌekskəˈveiʃn]n.挖掘，开挖stripping[ˈstripiŋ]n.清除，脱模landscape[ˈlændskeip]vt.对……做景观美化，给……做园林美化excavator[ˈekskəveitə(r)]n.挖掘机shovel[ˈʃʌvl]n.铲子，铁锹上一页下一页返回TextABuildingConstructiondragline[ˈdræglain]n.牵引绳索，拉铲挖土机clamshell[ˈklæmʃel]n.抓岩机，抓斗crane[krein]n.吊车，起重机scraper[ˈskreipə(r)]n.铲土机settlement[ˈsetlmənt]n.沉降subsurface[ˈsʌbˈsɜ:fis]adj.表面下的，地下的cavity[ˈkævəti]n.洞穴fissure[ˈfiʃə(r)]n.裂缝，裂隙fault[fɔ:lt]n.断层上一页下一页返回TextABuildingConstructiongrout[ɡraʊt]vt.灌浆injection[inˈdʒekʃn]n.注入solidify[səˈlidifai]vt.&vi.使凝固，固化strata[ˈstrɑ:tə]n.地层，岩层（stratum的名词复数）asphalt[ˈæsfælt]n.沥青，柏油precipitate[priˈsipiteit]vt.&vi.[化]（使）沉淀assembly[əˈsembli]n.装配，组装mill[mil]n.工厂fabricate[ˈfæbrikeit]vt.制造，装配上一页下一页返回TextABuildingConstructiontruss[trʌs]n.构件，构架riveting[ˈrivitiŋ]n.铆接（法）bolting[bəʊltiŋ]n.螺栓连接welding[weldiŋ]n.焊接法，定位焊接curing[ˈkjʊəriŋ]n.固化，养护chute[ʃu:t]vt.用斜槽或斜道运送bucket[ˈbʌkit]n.铲斗cableway[ˈkeiblwei]n.索道，缆道pump[pʌmp]n.泵，vt.用泵抽上一页下一页返回TextABuildingConstructionPhrasesExpressionsconcreteplacement混凝土浇筑constructionplans建筑图纸electricpowersupplies电力供应organictopsoil有机土层earthfill填方，填土mixtruck混凝土搅拌车handover移交，交出上一页返回TextBFamousChineseConstructionGroupsChinaRailwayEngineeringCorporation（CREC）（Fig.6-1）isasuper-largeconstructionconglomeratewithalonghistory,outstandingachievementsandrichculture.Sinceitsestablishmentin1950,CREChasdedicateditselftothecausesofservingthenationandvitalizingthecommerce,andhasplayedasignificantroleincuttingpathsthroughmountainsandbuildingbridgesoverriversastheconstructionpioneerinChina[1].CRECpeoplehasbuiltmorethan80,000kilometerslongrailways,accountingforovertwothirdsofthetotalrailwaylinesinChina,anderectedover50,000kilometerslongelectrifiedrailwaycatenaries,accountingformorethan90%ofthenationaltotal[2].下一页返回TextBFamousChineseConstructionGroupsCREChasalsoconstructedmorethan14,000kilometerslonghighways,includingover8,000kilometerslongexpressways,takingonetenthofChina’stotalexpressways.Besides,thecompanyhasparticipatedinthedesignandconstructionofthousandsofkeyprojectsinthefieldsofhighways,airports,docks,hydroelectricity,metros,high-risebuildingsandmunicipalworksetc.bothathomeandabroad.Thecompany’sbusinessrangecoversallcornersofcivilengineeringanditsprojectscanbefoundeverywhereinChinaand60countriesandregionsglobally.上一页下一页返回TextBFamousChineseConstructionGroupsChinaRailwayConstructionCorporation（CRCC）（Fig.6-2）,oneoftheworld’smostpowerfulandlargestintegratedconstructiongroup,rankingthe100thamong“theworld’stop500”on2013“Fortune”,andthe11thamong“China’stop500enterprises”,the1stamong“thetop250globalcontractors”in2013,isthelargestengineeringcontractorinChina,alsoChina’slargestoverseasengineeringcontractor.CRCCbusinesscoversprojectcontracting,industrialmanufacturing,realestatedevelopment,logistics,tradeofgoodsandmaterialsaswellascapitaloperations[3].上一页下一页返回TextBFamousChineseConstructionGroupsIthasextendeditsscopeofbusinessto31provinces（municipalities）,autonomousregions,HongKongandMacaospecialadministrativeregionsexceptTaiwanand71countriesandregionsaroundtheworld.CRCChasdevelopedmainlyfromconstructioncontractintoacompleteindustrialchainofresearch,planning,prospectinganddesigning,construction,supervision,maintenance,operationandfinancing,andisabletoprovideproprietorswithone-stopintegratedservices.AndCRCChasestablisheditsleadershippositioninprojectdesignandconstructionfieldsinplateaurailways,high-speedrailways,highways,bridges,tunnelsandurbanrailtraffic.上一页下一页返回TextBFamousChineseConstructionGroupsChinaStateConstructionEngineeringCorporationLtd.（CSCEC）（Fig.6-3）formallyestablishedonDecember10,2007.ChinaConstructionhasinheritedallsuperiorassetsandcorporatecultureofCSCEC,withitsbusinesscoveringhousingconstruction,internationalcontracting,realestatedevelopmentandinvestment,infrastructureconstructionandinvestment,prospectinganddesign.ChinaConstructionisChina’slargestconstructionandrealestateconglomerateandbiggestbuildingworkcontractor.上一页下一页返回TextBFamousChineseConstructionGroupsItisthelargesttransnationalconstructioncompanyinthedevelopingcountriesandthetophomebuilderintheworld,takingthelongleadofChina’sinternationalcontractingbusiness.ChinaConstructioniswellknownintheworldforundertakingsuperhigh-rise,grandscale,cutting-edgeandnovelprojectsandhasbuiltupagreatnumberoflandmarkprojectsinChinaandaroundtheworld[4].SuchbusinessconceptandbrandimageofChinaConstructionas“ProvidingExcellentServicesacrossallContinentswithSuperiorQualityastheTopPriority”isuniversallyacknowledgedandcommended[5].

上一页下一页返回TextBFamousChineseConstructionGroupsNewWordsconstruction[kənˈstrʌkʃ(ə)n]n.建筑，建筑物outstanding[aʊtˈstændiŋ]adj.杰出的，显著的establishment[iˈstæbliʃm(ə)nt]n.确立，制定vitalize[ˈvait(ə)laiz]vt.赋予……生命，激发，使有生气significant[sigˈnifik(ə)nt]adj.重大的，有效的，有意义的expressway[ikˈspreswei]n.高速公路hydroelectricity[ˌhaidroiˌlɛkˈtrisəti]n.水电municipal[mjʊˈnisip(ə)l]adj.市政的，市的enterprise[ˈentəpraiz]n.企业上一页下一页返回TextBFamousChineseConstructionGroupscontractor[ˈkɒntrækt]n.承包商，立契约者logistics[ləˈdʒistiks]n.物流supervision[ˌsuːpəˈviʒn]n.监督，管理maintenance[ˈmeint(ə)nəns]v.维修，维护proprietor[prəˈpraiətə]n.业主plateau[ˈplætəʊ]n.高原urban[ˈɜːb(ə)n]adj.城市的inherit[inˈherit]v.继承infrastructure[ˈinfrəstrʌktʃə]n.基础设施transnational[trænzˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)l]adj.跨国的上一页下一页返回TextBFamousChineseConstructionGroupslandmark[ˈlæn(d)mɑːk]n.地标，里程碑PhrasesExpressionsdedicate...to致力于……participatein参加，参与homeandabroad国内外realestate房地产autonomousregions自治区specialadministrativeregions特别行政区industrialchain产业链one-stopintegratedservices一站式综合服务上一页返回TranslationSkills—建筑英语翻译之名词性从句的翻译1.名词性从句概述在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句（NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别