浙江省名校协作体2024-2025学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1浙江省名校协作体2024-2025学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAntarcticaClassic11days,UshuaiatoUshuaia($5329perperson).ItineraryNotesThistripisassignedaPhysicalRatingof2.Itisaccessibletomostfitnesslevelsandforthoseabletodoextendedwalksandlighthiking.ItisimportanttonotethatforlandingsinAntarcticaweuseZodiacs(快艇)andwetbeachlandingsinwhatsometimescanbeextremeenvironments.Thiswillrequireyoutobeabletosafelynavigateiceandsnowonunevenground,toliftyourlegoverthesideofaZodiacandpushyourselfup,walkonwet,rockybeachesandstandthroughoutthelandingwithnoplacetosit.Ourexpeditionteamistheretoassistyouifneededbuthavinggoodmobilityisimportantforyoursafetyandenjoyment.Forvisualexamplesofthezodiaclandingsandactivitiespleaseclickhere:theExcursionsImageGalleryontheExpeditionlandingpage.TravelStyle:MarineSmall-shipadventuresontheworld’sgreatseas,rivers,andotherplacesonlyaccessiblebyboat.PhysicalRating:2-LightLightwalkingandhikingsuitableformostfitnesslevels.Nothingtoochallenging.Agerequirement:10+Alltravellersunderage18mustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.What’sIncluded9nightsaboardtheGExpeditionCruise.1nighthotelinUshuaia,onatwinsharebasis.Zodiacexcursions(探险)withourexpertteam.Lecturesandeducationalprograms.WaterproofbootssuppliedforUSAsizes4-16.AccommodationsTwin-sharehotel(1night),aboardtheGExpeditioninquad-,triple-,twin-sharecabins,orsuites(allwithensuitebathroomsandportholeorwindow,9nights).Pleasenotethatallcabinsconsistoftwin-sizeberthsandareocean-facing.Suiteshaveonequeen-sizebed.Meals10breakfasts,8lunches,9dinners.Drinksandtipsonboardnotincluded.21.WhatisrequiredofparticipantsforthelandingsinAntarctica?A.Highfitnesslevelsforintensehiking.B.Excellentswimmingskillsincoldwater.C.Abilitytomovesafelyonroughsurfaces.D.Abundantexperiencewithextremeweather.22.Whichitemsarecoveredinthecostofthetrip?A.FlightstoUshuaia.B.Drinksandtipsonboard.C.Waterproofbootsforallsizes.D.Lecturesandeducationalprograms.23.Wherecanyoupossiblyfindthepassage?A.Achapterfromageographytextbook.B.Anoticeinatouristinformationcenter.C.Atraveljournalfromapopularblogger.D.Anadvertisementonatravelingwebsite.【答案】21.C22.D23.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章详细介绍了一个名为“AntarcticaClassic”的南极旅行产品，包括行程天数、价格、行程特点、旅行风格、身体条件要求、年龄要求、包含的服务项目、住宿条件以及餐饮安排等。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据ItineraryNotes下的“ItisimportanttonotethatforlandingsinAntarcticaweuseZodiacs(快艇)andwetbeachlandingsinwhatsometimescanbeextremeenvironments.Thiswillrequireyoutobeabletosafelynavigateiceandsnowonunevenground,toliftyourlegoverthesideofaZodiacandpushyourselfup,walkonwet,rockybeachesandstandthroughoutthelandingwithnoplacetosit.(值得注意的是，在南极洲登陆时，我们使用的是冲锋舟和潮湿的海滩，有时可能是极端的环境。这将要求你能够在不平坦的地面上安全地在冰雪中航行，能够把腿抬过十二宫艇的侧面并把自己推起来，能够在潮湿的岩石海滩上行走，并且能够在整个着陆过程中站着没有地方坐)”可知，在南极洲登陆的参与者需要能够在粗糙的表面上安全移动。故选C项。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据What’sIncluded下的“Lecturesandeducationalprograms.(讲座和教育项目)”可知，旅行费用包括讲座和教育项目。故选D项。【23题详析】推理判断题。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一个名为“AntarcticaClassic”的南极旅行产品，包括行程天数、价格、行程特点、旅行风格、身体条件要求、年龄要求、包含的服务项目、住宿条件以及餐饮安排等。由此推知，你能在旅游网站上的广告中看到本文。故选D项。BWhenAdrianaBarbosawasachildandherfamilywasstrugglingtopayrent,shewouldsellfoodthathergrandmothercookedtoraisemoney.TheyweresomeofthefewAfro-Brazilians(非洲裔巴西人)inamiddle-classneighborhoodinSaoPaulo,Brazil,andshequicklylearnedthat,althoughmorethanhalfofBrazilianshaveAfricanancestry,manyoftheBraziliansprofitingoffBlackideasdonot.ThisissignificantconsideringhowwideBrazil’sracialwealthgapis,evenasofficialshavedownplayedtheexistenceofracism(种族歧视)intheirsociety.Theaverageincomeforwhiteworkerswas74%higherthanthatofblackandbrownworkersin2019,accordingtoastudybytheBrazilianInstituteofGeographyandStatistics.Inher20s,Barbosa,whowasalwaysexcitedbyeverythingfromSpikeLee’sfilmstotheBlackPanthers’activism,createdtheFeiraPretaFestival,bothtohelppaythebillsandtocelebrateBlackculture.Thefirsteventshowcasedmusic,plays,andliteratureanddrewmorethan5,000visitors.ItalsoprovidedaplatformforBarbosaandotherbusinesspeopletoselltheirproducts.Whichisn’ttosayithasn’thadchallenges.Fundinghasbeenanissue.Awhiteneighborhoodblockedthefestivalfromtakingplaceonitsstreets,shesays.Someticketincomewasstolen.ButBarbosahasbeendeterminedtokeepitallgoing;thefestivalhasdrawnmorethan200,000visitorsovertheyearsandhasturnedintooneofthelargestBlackcultureeventsinLatinAmerica.LatershegrewtheFeiraPretaFestivalintoaninitiative,thePretaHubplatform.Overthelasttwodecades,ithasworkedwithmorethan10,000Blackbusinesspeopleinmanyfields.“Itbeganwithasmallactiontopayrent,”saysBarbosa.“Todayit’sabigsocialorganizationthathascreatedamarketforBlackpeople.”24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.TheracialwealthgapinBrazilisnarrow.B.OnlyafewBrazilianshaveAfricanancestry.C.Adrianahelpedherfamilyfinanciallybysellingfood.D.Theaveragesalaryforwhiteworkerswaslowin2019.25.WhenorganizingtheFeiraPretaFestival,Barbosafacedmanychallengesexcept______.A.Theshortageoffunding.B.Thetheftofticketincome.C.Theoppositionfromwhitepeople.D.Theabsenceofthegovernment’ssupport.26.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAdrianaBarbosa?A.Creativeandstrong-willed.B.Passionateandcautious.C.Conservativeandsensitive.D.Humorousandwarm-hearted.27.Whatmessagedoesthetextconvey?A.It’snevertoooldtolearn.B.Constantdrippingwearsawayastone.C.Fromhumblebeginningscomegreatthings.D.Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.C【语篇解读】本文是篇说明文。文章通过讲述了AdrianaBarbosa的成长经历和她创办的FeiraPretaFestival（黑人文化节）及其后续发展，展现了她在面对家庭经济困难和种族财富差距等挑战时，如何坚持并努力推动黑人文化的发展和庆祝。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“WhenAdrianaBarbosawasachildandherfamilywasstrugglingtopayrent,shewouldsellfoodthathergrandmothercookedtoraisemoney.(当AdrianaBarbosa还是个孩子的时候，她的家庭正在努力支付房租，她会卖掉祖母做的食物来筹集资金。)”可知，AdrianaBarbosa通过卖食物来帮助她的家人。故选C项。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Whichisn’ttosayithasn’thadchallenges.Fundinghasbeenanissue.Awhiteneighborhoodblockedthefestivalfromtakingplaceonitsstreets,shesays.Someticketincomewasstolen.ButBarbosahasbeendeterminedtokeepitallgoing;thefestivalhasdrawnmorethan200,000visitorsovertheyearsandhasturnedintooneofthelargestBlackcultureeventsinLatinAmerica.(这并不是说它没有遇到过挑战。资金一直是个问题。她说，一个白人社区阻止这个节日在街道上举行。一些门票收入被盗。但Barbosa决心让这一切继续下去；该节日多年来吸引了20多万游客，已成为拉丁美洲最大的黑人文化活动之一)”可知，在组织FeiraPreta节时，Barbosa面临着许多挑战，有资金短缺，盗窃票务收入和白人的反对，没有提到缺少政府的支持。故选D项。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Inher20s,Barbosa,whowasalwaysexcitedbyeverythingfromSpikeLee’sfilmstotheBlackPanthers’activism,createdtheFeiraPretaFestival,bothtohelppaythebillsandtocelebrateBlackculture.(斯派克·李的电影到黑豹党的激进主义，Barbosa总是对一切都感到兴奋。20多岁时，她创立了创立了FeiraPretaFestival，既是为了帮助支付账单，也是为了庆祝黑人文化。)”可知，是Barbosa创立了FeiraPretaFestival，说明她是有创造力的；以及倒数第二段“Whichisn’ttosayithasn’thadchallenges.Fundinghasbeenanissue.Awhiteneighborhoodblockedthefestivalfromtakingplaceonitsstreets,shesays.Someticketincomewasstolen.ButBarbosahasbeendeterminedtokeepitallgoing;thefestivalhasdrawnmorethan200,000visitorsovertheyearsandhasturnedintooneofthelargestBlackcultureeventsinLatinAmerica.(这并不是说它没有遇到过挑战。资金一直是个问题。她说，一个白人社区阻止这个节日在街道上举行。一些门票收入被盗。但巴博萨决心让这一切继续下去；该节日多年来吸引了20多万游客，已成为拉丁美洲最大的黑人文化活动之一。)”可知，在举办节日期间，遇到很多困难，但是她坚持了下去，所以是意志坚强的。故选A项。【27题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Itbeganwithasmallactiontopayrent,”saysBarbosa.“Todayit’sabigsocialorganizationthathascreatedamarketforBlackpeople.”(Barbosa说：“这始于支付房租的一个小动作。“今天，它是一个大型社会组织，为黑人创造了一个市场。”)”和全文内容可知，文章讲述了Barbosa从小行动开始，最终成就了一个大的社会组织的经历，表明了“伟大的事情源于卑微的开始”。故选C项。CThesceneisonemanyofushavesomewhereinourfamilyhistory:DozensofpeoplecelebratingThanksgivingorsomeotherholidaysaroundamakeshiftstretchoffamilytables—siblings,cousins,aunts,uncles,great-aunts.“Itwasthemostbeautifulplaceyou’veeverseeninyourlife,”saysone,rememberinghisfirstdayinAmerica.ThisparticularfamilyistheoneshowninBarryLevinson’s1990film,Avalon,basedonhisownchildhoodinBaltimore.“Inmychildhood,”Levinsontoldme,“you’dgatheraroundthegrandparentsandtheywouldtellthefamilystories...NowindividualssitaroundtheTV,watchingotherfamilies’stories.”Thisisthestoryofourtimes—thestoryofthefamily,onceadensegroupofmanysiblingsandextendedrelatives,fragmenting(分裂)intoeversmallerandmorefragileforms.Theinitialresultofthatfragmentation,thenuclearfamily,didn’tseemsobad.Butthen,becausethenuclearfamilyissobrittle,thefragmentationcontinued.Inmanysectorsofsociety,nuclearfamiliesfragmentedintosingle-parentfamilies,single-parentfamiliesintochaoticfamiliesornofamilies.Althoughthefar-reachingconsequencesaredramatic,wedon’ttalkaboutfamilyenough.Itfeelstoojudgmental.Toouncomfortable.Maybeeventooreligious.Butthefactisthatthenuclearfamilyhasbeenbreakingintopiecesinslowmotionfordecades,andmanyofourotherproblems—witheducation,mentalhealth,addiction,thequalityofthelaborforce—resultfromthatfragmentation.We’veleftbehindthenuclear-familymodelof1955.Formostpeopleit’snotcomingback.Americansarehungeringtoliveinextendedfamilies,inwaysthatarenewandancientatthesametime.Thisisasignificantopportunity,achancetothickenandbroadenfamilyrelationships,achancetoallowmoreadultsandchildrentoliveandgrowunderthelovinggazeofadozenpairsofeyes,andbecaught,whentheyfall,byadozenpairsofarms.Fordecadeswehavebeeneatingatsmallerandsmallertables,withfewerandfewerrelatives.It’stimetofindwaystobringbackthebigtables.28.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Thesceneofwarmold-dayfamilygatherings.B.Thecomparisonbetweenpastandpresentlife.C.Thedescriptionofmodernfamilycelebrations.D.TheexperiencesofBarryLevinson’sadulthood.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“brittle”inparagraph3mean?A.Strongandclose.B.Stiffandcomplex.C.Flexibleandadaptable.D.Fragileandeasilybroken.30.Whatdoweknowaboutthenuclearfamily?A.Itgraduallyfallsapartwithtime.B.Ithasbeenreplacedbyextendedfamilies.C.Ithasgrownmorestableovertime.D.Ithelpstobroadenourfamilyrelationships.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheNuclearFamilyisIdealB.TheNuclearFamilyisaMistakeC.TheExtendedFamilyisaHitD.TheExtendedFamilyisOutdated【答案】28.A29.D30.A31.B【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了家庭结构的变化，从过去的大家庭聚集到现在的小家庭模式，以及这种变化带来的社会影响，并呼吁找回大家庭的温暖。【28题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thesceneisonemanyofushavesomewhereinourfamilyhistory:DozensofpeoplecelebratingThanksgivingorsomeotherholidaysaroundamakeshiftstretchoffamilytables—siblings,cousins,aunts,uncles,great-aunts.“Itwasthemostbeautifulplaceyou’veeverseeninyourlife,”saysone,rememberinghisfirstdayinAmerica.(这个场景是我们许多人在家族历史中某个地方都经历过的：几十个人围着临时拼凑的家庭餐桌庆祝感恩节或其他节日——兄弟姐妹、表兄弟姐妹、叔叔阿姨、姑姑们。‘这是你一生中见过的最美丽的地方，’一个人回忆起他刚到美国的第一天时说道。)”和第二段“ThisparticularfamilyistheoneshowninBarryLevinson’s1990film,Avalon,basedonhisownchildhoodinBaltimore.“Inmychildhood,”Levinsontoldme,“you’dgatheraroundthegrandparentsandtheywouldtellthefamilystories...NowindividualssitaroundtheTV,watchingotherfamilies’stories.”(这个特别的家庭出现在巴里·莱文森1990年的电影《阿瓦隆》中，这部电影基于他在巴尔的摩的童年生活。‘在我的童年时代，’莱文森告诉我，‘你会围在祖父母身边，他们会讲述家族的故事……现在，人们围着电视，看着其他家庭的故事’。)”可知，前两段主要谈论了往日温馨的家庭聚会的场景。故选A项。【29题详析】词义猜测题。根据第三段中划线词后文的内容“Inmanysectorsofsociety,nuclearfamiliesfragmentedintosingle-parentfamilies,single-parentfamiliesintochaoticfamiliesornofamilies.(在社会的许多领域，核心家庭分裂成单亲家庭，单亲家庭分裂成混乱的家庭或没有家庭。)”可知，后文提到核心家庭的分裂，因此可推知此处划线词与D项“Fragileandeasilybroken(易碎的，很容易破裂)”意思相近，因为核心家庭很脆弱，所以分裂还在继续。故选D项。【30题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theinitialresultofthatfragmentation,thenuclearfamily,didn’tseemsobad.Butthen,becausethenuclearfamilyissobrittle,thefragmentationcontinued.Inmanysectorsofsociety,nuclearfamiliesfragmentedintosingle-parentfamilies,single-parentfamiliesintochaoticfamiliesornofamilies.(这种分裂的最初结果，即核心家庭，看起来并不那么糟糕。但随后，由于核心家庭如此脆弱，分裂继续。在社会的许多领域，核心家庭分裂成单亲家庭，单亲家庭分裂成混乱的家庭或没有家庭。)”可知，核心家庭随着时间的推移逐渐瓦解。故选A项。【31题详析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了家庭结构的变化，从过去的大家庭聚集到现在的小家庭模式，即核心家庭，以及这种变化带来的社会影响，如教育、心理健康、成瘾和劳动力质量等问题，并呼吁找回大家庭的温暖。根据最后一段“It’stimetofindwaystobringbackthebigtables.(是时候想办法找回大餐桌了。)”可知，作者认为核心家庭模式存在问题，应该回归大家庭模式，即认为核心家庭是一个错误。由此可知，B项“核心家庭是一个错误”适合做本文最佳标题。故选B项。DAnewNASA-ledstudyhasfoundthathowrainfallsinagivenyearisnearlyasimportanttotheworld’svegetation(植物)ashowmuch.ReportingonDec.11inNature,theresearchersshowedthateveninyearswithsimilarrainfalltotals,plantsgrewdifferentlywhenthatwatercameinfewer,biggerbursts.Scientistshavepreviouslyestimatedthatalmosthalfoftheworld’svegetationisdrivenprimarilybyhowmuchrainfallsinayear.Lesswellunderstoodistheroleofday-to-dayvariability,saidleadauthorAndrewFeldman,anecosystemscientistatNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.TheteamanalyzedtwodecadesoffieldandsatelliteobservationsspanningdiverselandscapesfromSiberiatothesoutherntipofPatagonia.Theyfoundthatplantsacross42%ofEarth’svegetatedlandsurfaceweresensitivetodailyrainfallvariability.Ofthose,alittleoverhalfgrewbetterinyearswithfewerbutmoreintensewetdays.Theseincludedrierlandscapeslikegrasslands,croplandsanddeserts.Incontrast,broadleafforestsandrainforestsinlowerandmiddlelatitudes(纬度)tendedtogrewworseunderthoseconditions,possiblybecausetheycouldnottoleratethelongerdryperiods.Statistically,dailyrainfallvariabilitywasnearlyasimportantasannualrainfalltotalsindrivinggrowthworldwide.ThenewstudyreliedprimarilyonasuiteofNASAmissionsanddatasets,whichprovidesrainandsnowfallratesformostoftheplanetevery30minutesusinganetworkofinternationalsatellites.Tomeasureplantresponsedaytoday,theresearcherscalculatedhowgreenanareaappearedinsatelliteimagery.“Greenness”iscommonlyusedtoestimatevegetationdensityandhealth.Theyalsotrackedafaintreddishlightthatplantsgiveoffduringphotosynthesis(光合作用),whenaplantabsorbssunlighttotransformcarbondioxideandwaterintofood.Thisfaintlightisanobvioussignofflourishingvegetation.FeldmansaidthefindingshighlightthevitalrolethatplantsplayinmovingcarbonaroundEarth—aprocesscalledthecarboncycle.“Afinerunderstandingofhowplantsthriveordeclinedaytoday,stormbystorm,couldhelpusbetterunderstandtheirroleinthatcriticalcycle,”Feldmansaid.32.WhatisthemainfocusoftheNASA-ledstudyinthearticle?A.Theglobaldistributionofrainfallinagivenyear.B.Theroleofsatellitesinmonitoringrainfallandvegetation.C.Theimpactofdailyrainfallvariabilityonvegetationgrowth.D.Therelationshipbetweenrainfalltotalsandvegetationgrowth.33.Whatistherelationshipbetweenrainfallvariabilityandplantgrowth?A.Alltypesofvegetationrespondsimilarlytorainfallpatterns.B.Lowerlatitudesrainforestsgrewbetterafterlongerdryperiods.C.Drierlandscapesbenefitfromfewerbutmoreintenserainevents.D.Rainfallvariabilityshowsarelativelyweakerinfluenceonplantgrowth.34.Whichmethoddidresearchersusetomeasureplantresponsestorainfallvariability?A.Conductingfieldexperimentsinspecificlocations.B.Monitoringrainfalltotalsusinganetworkofsatellites.C.Measuringtheamountofcarbondioxideabsorbedbyplants.D.Analyzingsatelliteimageryforvegetationdensityandhealth.35.WhatisFeldman’sattitudetowardthefindingsofthisstudy?A.Cautious. B.Positive. C.Skeptical. D.Neutral.【答案】32.C33.C34.D35.B【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国宇航局领导的一项新研究发现，某一年的降雨方式对世界植被的影响几乎和降雨量一样重要，并且强调了这项研究的重要性和意义。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“AnewNASA-ledstudyhasfoundthathowrainfallsinagivenyearisnearlyasimportanttotheworld’svegetation(植物)ashowmuch.ReportingonDec.11inNature,theresearchersshowedthateveninyearswithsimilarrainfalltotals,plantsgrewdifferentlywhenthatwatercameinfewer,biggerbursts.(美国宇航局领导的一项新研究发现，某一年的降雨方式对世界植被的影响几乎和降雨量一样重要。研究人员在12月11日的《自然》杂志上报道，即使在降雨总量相似的年份，当降雨量减少、降雨量增加时，植物的生长也会有所不同。)”可知，美国宇航局领导的研究的主要关注点是每日降雨量变化对植被生长的影响。故选C。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Ofthose,alittleoverhalfgrewbetterinyearswithfewerbutmoreintensewetdays.Theseincludedrierlandscapeslikegrasslands,croplandsanddeserts.(其中，有一半以上的植物在雨天较少但强度较大的年份生长得更好。这些包括草原、农田和沙漠等干燥景观。)”可知，较干燥的景观得益于较少但更强烈的降雨事件。故选C。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Tomeasureplantresponsedaytoday,theresearcherscalculatedhowgreenanareaappearedinsatelliteimagery.“Greenness”iscommonlyusedtoestimatevegetationdensityandhealth.(为了测量植物的日常反应，研究人员计算了一片区域在卫星图像上看起来有多绿。“绿色”通常用于估计植被密度和健康状况。)”可知，研究人员通过分析卫星图像中的植被密度和健康状况来测量植物对降雨量变化的反应。故选D。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“FeldmansaidthefindingshighlightthevitalrolethatplantsplayinmovingcarbonaroundEarth—aprocesscalledthecarboncycle.“Afinerunderstandingofhowplantsthriveordeclinedaytoday,stormbystorm,couldhelpusbetterunderstandtheirroleinthatcriticalcycle,”Feldmansaid.(Feldman说，这些发现凸显了植物在地球碳循环过程中所发挥的重要作用。Feldman说：“更好地了解植物如何在日常、风暴中茁壮成长或衰落，可以帮助我们更好地了解它们在这个关键周期中的作用。”)”可推知，Feldman说明了这项发现所发挥的重要作用，因此对这项研究的结果持肯定的态度。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheshapeofAustralia’sschoolsystemisundergoingasignificantchange.Enrollments(入学人数)inindependentschoolsaregrowing,whilefewerstudentsaregoingtopublicschools.Whyaremorefamilieschoosinganindependentschool,whentheycouldsendtheirchildrentoafreepublicoption?____36____OnereasonmaybepolicychangesthatallowedtheestablishmentofnewindependentschoolsinAustralia.Inthe1990s,theHowardgovernmentchangedapolicytoallowfundingfortheestablishmentofnewschools,eveninareasthatalreadyhadadequatecapacityinexistingschools.Newindependentschoolstendtochargelowerfeesthanestablishedeliteschools.____37____AccordingtoIndependentSchoolsAustralia,thelargestgrowthinenrollmentsisinschoolschargingfeesofaroundA$5,000peryear.____38____NewSouthWalesEducationMinisterPrueCarhasspokenaboutthisissueforherownson,whoattendsanindependentprimaryschool:“Wewereinoneofthesuburbswherethegovernmentdidn’tbuildaschool.”Comparedtoothercountries,Australianschoolshaveahighlevelof“socioeconomicsegregation(社会经济隔离)”.____39____Theincreaseinstudentsgoingtofee-payingprivateschoolsmeansweareseeingincreasingsegregationinourschoolsystem.Publicschoolscontinuetoeducatethemajorityofchildreninremotelocations.____40____Independentschoolsenrollincreasingproportionsofstudentsfromthemostadvantagedsocioeconomicbackgrounds.A.Whataccountforthisshift?B.Howshouldwedealwiththisshift?C.Theyarethosefromdisadvantagedbackgrounds.D.Thatmakesthemmoreaccessibletomiddle-incomefamilies.E.Parentswillnaturallychoosewhattheyperceivetobethebestschool.F.Thismeansdifferenttypesofschoolshavestudentsfromdifferentbackgrounds.G.Insomecases,stategovernmentsareslowtobuildnewpublicschoolsinsuburbs.【答案】36.A37.D38.G39.F40.C【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚独立学校的入学人数超过公立学校的入学人数的原因。【36题详析】根据空前“Whyaremorefamilieschoosinganindependentschool,whentheycouldsendtheirchildrentoafreepublicoption?(为什么更多的家庭选择独立学校，而不是免费的公立学校呢？)”和空后“OnereasonmaybepolicychangesthatallowedtheestablishmentofnewindependentschoolsinAustralia.(一个原因可能是政策的变化，允许在澳大利亚建立新的独立学校。)”可知，空前提出问题，为什么更多的家庭选择独立学校，空后提出了其中一个可能的原因，故A项“什么导致了这种转变呢？”符合，在此处承上启下，A项中的thatshift指代前文的“更多的家庭选择独立学校”，引出后文的具体原因，故选A项。【37题详析】根据空前“Newindependentschoolstendtochargelowerfeesthanestablishedeliteschools.(新的独立学校往往比老牌精英学校的收费更低。)”可知，独立学校比老牌精英学校收费低，D项“这使得中收入家庭更能支付。”是空前的顺义承接，因此，中收入家庭更能支付，从而导致更多的家庭选择独立学校，D项中的“them”指代空前的“Newindependentschools”，故选D项。【38题详析】根据空后“NewSouthWalesEducationMinisterPrueCarhasspokenaboutthisissueforherownson,whoattendsanindependentprimaryschool:“Wewereinoneofthesuburbswherethegovernmentdidn’tbuildaschool.”(新南威尔士州教育部长PrueCar曾谈到她儿子的这个问题，他就读于一所独立的小学：“我们住在一个政府没有建学校的郊区。”)”可知，本段主要介绍了教育部长的儿子就读独立学校的原因是他们住在一个政府没有建学校的郊区，故G项“在某些情况下，州政府在郊区建设新公立学校的速度较慢。”符合，总结后文内容，说明越来越多的家庭选择独立学校的另一个原因是因为州政府在郊区建设新公立学校的速度较慢，故选G项。【39题详析】根据空前“Comparedtoothercountries,Australianschoolshaveahighlevelof“socioeconomicsegregation(社会经济隔离)”.(与其他国家相比，澳大利亚的学校具有较高的社会经济隔离水平。)”和空后“Theincreaseinstudentsgoingtofee-payingprivateschoolsmeansweareseeingincreasingsegregationinourschoolsystem.(去付费私立学校的学生人数的增加意味着我们的学校系统中的隔离现象越来越严重。)”可知，空前提到了澳大利亚学校社会经济隔离水平较高，空后提出了去私立学校的人数增加导致这种隔离现象越来越严重，故F项“这意味着不同学校的学生来自不同的背景。”符合，澳大利亚学校具有较高的社会经济隔离水平，就意味着不同学校的学生来自不同的背景，去私立学校的人更多也就意味着这种隔离现象越来越严重，故选F项。【40题详析】根据空前“Publicschoolscontinuetoeducatethemajorityofchildreninremotelocations.(公立学校继续教育偏远地区的大多数儿童。)”可知，空前提到公立学校教育的是偏远地区的儿童，故C项“他们都是背景不太优越的孩子。”符合，C项中的“They”指代前文的“themajorityofchildreninremotelocations”，公立学校教育的是偏远地区的儿童，他们都是背景不太优越的孩子，故选C项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AwomanwhohatedherbodyhassharedanimportantmessageonInstagramabouthowexercisehasgreatlychangedher.Ithasimprovednotonlyherbuildbutalsoher____41____.InavideoclipsharedbyCheryl,she____42____thedifferencebetween“wantingtoloseweighttolookgood”and“losingweighttofeelgood”.Thevideoshowcasesher22-poundweight-lossjourney,whichhasbeenfarfrom____43____.ShetoldNewsweekaboutthedocumentedhighsandlows,which____44____morethan1.1millionviewsonline.Shesaid:“Iwantedtoshowtherealisticsideofa____45____weightlosswhilesendingoutamessagethatthemindsetshiftisthemostpowerfulpartofthejourney.”BeforestartingherexerciseplanandhealthiereatinginMay,Cherylfeltinsecureand____46____confidence.Thisledhertoadopta“mindovermatter”approachasshecontinuesto____47____fivetosixtimesperweek,evenwhenshedoesn’twantto.“Ididfeelburntoutattimes,buteverytimeIlayinbedandthoughtabout____48____thegym,IalwaysthoughtbacktothetimeswhenIwasoverweightandunattractive,”CheryltoldNewsweek.“Itsucksbeingunwanted.”Thevideosincludeherpreparingsalad,eggs,andvegetables;walkingwithasmileonherfacetothegym;and____49____weights.“Iusedto_____50_____goingtothegym,butnow,itislikemysafehaven.WhetherIamsadorangry,Ikindofjustletallmy_____51_____outatthegym.“Cherylsaid.“Ifeelamazing.Ilearnedtolovetheprocessof_____52_____mybodyandcreatingahealthylifestyle,”Cheryladded.Sofar,Cherylhasreceivedaseaof_____53_____onlineonthevideothathasmorethan76,000likes.“It’sincredible.Your_____54_____,devotion,determinationandpatience_____55_____!Keepitup,”saidoneuser.41.A.mindset B.efficiency C.performance D.memory42.A.understands B.observes C.highlights D.appreciates43.A.satisfactory B.possible C.difficult D.easy44.A.exchanged B.gathered C.presented D.adopted45.A.healthy B.fast C.medical D.natural46.A.built B.restored C.lacked D.boosted47.A.calmdown B.workout C.giveaway D.breakdown48.A.skipping B.joining C.passing D.finding49.A.watching B.gaining C.lifting D.throwing50.A.regret B.fancy C.imagine D.fear51.A.energies B.emotions C.angers D.spirits52.A.loving B.hating C.shaking D.examining53.A.criticism B.support C.doubt D.advice54.A.kindness B.generosity C.discipline D.honesty55.A.ranout B.turnedup C.showedoff D.paidoff【答案】41.A42.C43.D44.B45.A46.C47.B48.A49.C50.D51.B52.A53.B54.C55.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了Cheryl通过锻炼改变自我并在Instagram上分享她的历程，传递重要信息，启示人们健身改变的不仅仅是体型，更是心态。【41题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它不仅仅改善了她的体型，而且还改善了她的心态。A.mindset心态；B.efficiency效率；C.performance表现；D.memory记忆。根据上文“yherbuild”以及下文“themindset”可知，通过锻炼，她不仅改善了体型，也改善了心态。故选A。【42题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：视频中，Cheryl强调了“想要减肥是为了好看”和“减肥是为了感觉良好”之间的区别。A.understands理解；B.observes观察；C.highlights强调；D.appreciates欣赏。根据下文“thedifferencebetween“wantingtoloseweighttolookgood”and“losingweighttofeelgood”.”可知，她强调了两种心态之间的区别。故选C。【43题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：视频展示了她22磅的减重之旅，这并不容易。A.satisfactory满意的；B.possible可能的；C.difficult困难的；D.easy容易的。根据前文“her22-poundweight-lossjourney”以及常识可知，减肥这段历程并不容易。故选D。【44题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉Newsweek这段记录了高峰和低谷的视频，在网上获得了超过110万次播放。A.exchanged交换；B.gathered获得、收集；C.presented展示；D.adopted采用。根据下文“morethan1.1millionviewsonline”可知，高峰和低谷的视频在网上获得了很多播放量。故选B。【45题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：我想展示一个健康减重的现实一面，并传递出心态转变是旅程中最强大的部分。A.healthy健康的；B.fast快的；C.medical医学的；D.natural自然的。根据上文“howexercise”可知，她是通过锻炼减肥的，所以想展示一个健康减重的现实一面。下文“healthier”也是提示。故选A。【46题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在开始她的锻炼计划和更健康的饮食之前，Cheryl感到不安全且缺乏自信。A.built建立；B.restored恢复；C.lacked缺乏；D.boosted增强。根据上文“feltinsecure”可知，她以前缺乏信心。故选C。【47题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这使她采取了“心态胜于物质”的方式，她每周锻炼五到六次，即使她不想去。A.calmdown冷静；B.workout锻炼；C.giveaway赠送；D.breakdown分解。根据上文“exercise”可知，每周锻炼五到六次。故选B。【48题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：谢丽尔在接受《新闻周刊》采访时表示：“我确实有时会感到精疲力竭，但每当我躺在床上，想着不去健身房的时候，我总会回想起自己超重、没有吸引力的时候。A.skipping放弃、不去做某事、略过；B.joining加入；C.passing经过；D.finding找到。根据上文“buteverytimeIlayinbed”可知，她曾想放弃去健身房。故选A。【49题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：视频中包括她准备沙拉、鸡蛋和蔬菜，微笑着去健身房，举重。A.watching观看；B.gaining获得；C.lifting举重；D.throwing投掷。根据“weights”可知，她去练举重。故选C。【50题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我曾害怕去健身房，但现在成了我安全港。A.regret懊恼、后悔；B.fancy想象；C.imagine想象；D.fear恐惧、害怕。根据下文“butnow,itislikemysafehaven.”可知，她曾经害怕去健身房，但现在不惧怕了。故选D。【51题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论我是伤心还是生气，我可以发泄所有情绪在健身房。A.energies能量；B.emotions情绪；C.angers愤怒；D.spirits精神。根据上文“Iamsadorangry”可知，她通过健身房发泄情绪。故选B。【52题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我学会了爱自己的身体和创造健康生活方式的过程，Cheryl补充道。A.loving喜爱；B.hating讨厌；C.shaking摇头；D.examining检查。根据上文“love”可知，她学会了爱自己的身体。故