湖北省部分市州2024-2025学年高二上学期期末质量监测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省部分市州2024-2025学年高二上学期期末质量监测英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANEWDISCOVERIESLastingmarksofstressForhumans,scientistsoncemadea“cumulativeadversityindex(累积逆境指数)”,whichdescribestheamountofadversityapersonexperiencesasachild.Now,scientistshavemadeasimilaronetostudytheinfluenceofearly-lifestressonmarmots(土拨鼠)livinginColorado,US,reportedLiveScience.Themarmotsindexbringstogetherecological,parentalandsocialchallenges.Theindexwillhelppeopleimprovethesurvivalchancesofendangeredanimalsinthewild.LifesourcedeepdownPeoplehavelongbelievedthatplantsmakemostoftheworld’soxygenusingsunlight.Butnow,scientistshavediscoveredthatoxygencanalsobeproduceddeepintheoceanoutofsunlightorplants,notedScienceAlert.Thisoccursontheseafloorwherespecialrockscalledpolymetallicnodules(多金属结核)arefound.Theserockshelpcreateanelectricalreactionthatcansplit(分解)waterintohydrogenandoxygen.Thediscoverycancontributetoourunderstandingsoftheimpactofdeep-seamining.FeastfortheeyesWhyisiteasytoovereatatabuffet?AstudypublishedinScienceDirect,anonlineacademicdatabase,hasfoundthatfoodwasteatbuffetsmaybecausedbycognitiveoverload.Whentherearealotofdifferentfoods,dinersoftenwanttotryavarietyofdishesoutoffearofmissingout.Peoplemayendupchoosingfoodstheylikeless,whichcontributestofoodwaste.PowerofperceptionAgroundbreakingstudyfeaturedinScienceNewshasrevealedtheprofoundimpactofperceptiononfoodwastebehavior,particularlyinthecontextofhouseholdfooddisposal.Theresearchdugintotherealmofpsychologicalfactors,showingthatattitudes,perceptions,andemotionsarethepivotaldriversbehindtheminimizationoffoodwaste.Thisdiscoverynotonlyenrichesourunderstandingofconsumerbehaviorbutalsopavesthewayformoreeffectivestrategiesintheglobalfightagainstfoodwaste.1.Whatisthesignificanceofthemarmotsindexstudy?A.Trackingmarmotintelligence. B.Evaluationclimateimpactonspecies.C.Increasingsurvivalchances. D.Measuringmonitorpopulationgrowth.2.Whatisasharedinsightfromthelasttwostudies?A.Fearofmissingoutleadstowaste.B.Buffetsandhouseholdswastefoodequally.C.Cognitiveoverloadisexclusivetobuffets.D.Foodwasteisrelatedtopsychologicalfactors.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Anacademicarticle. B.Anexampaper.C.Aculturemagazine. D.Acourseplan.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个新的发现。分别介绍了深海特殊岩石能产生电反应，从而有助于了解深海采矿的影响；了解土拨鼠指数有助于我们提高野外濒临动物的生存机会；了解为什么自助餐容易吃得过多，以及家庭食物浪费背后的心理因素，从而指出食物浪费的问题的原因。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theindexwillhelppeopleimprovethesurvivalchancesofendangeredanimalsinthewild.(该指数将帮助人们提高濒危动物在野外的生存机会)”可知，科学家研究土拨鼠指数是因为它能有助于我们提高野外濒临动物的生存机会。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“AstudypublishedinScienceDirect,anonlineacademicdatabase,hasfoundthatfoodwasteatbuffetsmaybecausedbycognitiveoverload.

(在线学术数据库ScienceDirect上发表的一项研究发现，自助餐中的食物浪费可能是由认知超载引起的)”以及最后一段“Theresearchdugintotherealmofpsychologicalfactors,showingthatattitudes,perceptions,andemotionsarethepivotaldriversbehindtheminimizationoffoodwaste.(这项研究深入研究了心理因素，表明态度、感知和情绪是减少食物浪费的关键驱动因素)”可知，这两个发现的共同之处在于了解食物浪费背后相关的心理原因。故选D。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据文章标题“NEWDISCOVERIES(新发现)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了四个关于科学的新发现。由此可推知，文章来自于学术研究方面的文章。故选A。BEarlierthisyear,Iwaslookingforpart-timework.Moonmilk,acakeandicecreamshopnearby,washiring,soIwentinforatrialshift(轮班).WhileIoriginallyjustsetouttoearnsomeextramoneyduringthesummer,thebondsandmemoriesImadethereturnedouttobemorevaluablethananypaycheck.Once,amanwhoworksfortheunionofthelocalmovietheatercameintoplaceanorder.Hewantedacaketocelebrateavictoryhe’dhadinstoppingthetheaterfrombeingkickedoutbyitslandlord.Moonmilk’sownerwastouchedbythestoryandrefusedpaymentforthecake.Later,theunionleader—somovedbythegesture—deliveredfreemovieticketstoMoonmilkstaff.Theolderwomencustomersareamongmyfavorites.Theirconcernispoignant;theyoftenwonderifI’mOkayandtellmeIlooktired.Oneregular,alwaysaloneandsmiling,iskindandgenerous,alwaysdeclaringwehavethebesticecreaminthecity.There’salsotheguywhocomesfrequentlytoaskifwehavethechocolateorangeflavor—thatweonlyeverhaveatChristmas.Ialwayshavetosayno,buthispersistencebringsmejoy,especiallyondayswhenI’mtired.Aswithanyjob,thereareunpleasantmoments.Mywristoftenhurtsfromrepeatedlyscoopingouticecream,andit’salwaysannoyingwhenagroupofpeoplecomeinandtakewaytoolongtoorder,holdingupalltheotherswaiting.Worsestill,inthefall,myfull-timejob’sschedulebecomesmoredemandingandIknowI’llhavetoscalebackmyshifts.Iwillrunintomyfavoritecustomerslessoften.ButmyexperienceworkingatMoonmilkhasofferedmuchmorethanjustapaycheck.Ithashelpedmefeelmoreconnectedtomylocalcommunity.TheinteractionsandconnectionsI’vemadewillsustainmeuntilatleastnextsummer.4.WhatinitiallydrewtheauthortoworkatMoonmilk?A.Aloveforcakeandicecream. B.Thechancetoearnextramoney.C.Apersonalconnectiontotheshop. D.Themanager’sengagingpersonality.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“poignant”inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Heartwarming.B.Surprising.C.Distracting.D.Embarrassing.6.Whattroubledoestheauthorencounteratwork?A.Bad-tastingicecream.B.Far-offjobdestination.C.Constantphysicalpain.D.Numerouscustomerdemands.7.WhatlastingeffectdoesthejobatMoonmilkhaveontheauthor?A.Renewedpurposeawareness.B.Strengthenedsocialparticipation.C.Advancedfinancialindependence.D.Improvedworkingcompetence.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.B【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在Moonmilk蛋糕和冰淇淋店兼职的经历，以及这份工作给作者带来的感受和影响。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“WhileIoriginallyjustsetouttoearnsomeextramoneyduringthesummer,thebondsandmemoriesImadethereturnedouttobemorevaluablethananypaycheck.(虽然我最初只是打算在夏天赚些外快，但我在那里建立的纽带和回忆比任何薪水都更有价值。)”可知，最初吸引作者去Moonmilk工作的是赚外快的机会。故选B。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据下文“theyoftenwonderifI’mOkayandtellmeIlooktired.(她们经常问我是否还好，并告诉我我看起来很累。)”可知，这些年长的女顾客很关心作者，所以她们的关心应该是令人心暖的。由此可知，poignant意为“令人心暖的”。故选A。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Mywristoftenhurtsfromrepeatedlyscoopingouticecream.(我的手腕经常因为反复舀冰淇淋而疼痛。)”可知，作者在工作中遇到的麻烦是持续的身体疼痛。故选C。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ithashelpedmefeelmoreconnectedtomylocalcommunity.TheinteractionsandconnectionsI’vemadewillsustainmeuntilatleastnextsummer.(它让我感觉自己与当地社区的联系更加紧密。我所建立的互动和联系至少会持续到明年夏天。)”可知，在Moonmilk的工作对作者的持久影响是增强了社会参与。故选B。CThinkingthroughproblemscanbechallenging,buttherearewaystobecomefairerandmoreobjective.Onesuchmethodisilleism(第三人称叙述法),anancientstrategywhereonespeaksaboutoneselfinthethirdpersonratherthanthefirst.Forexample,JuliusCaesaruseditinhiswritings,“Caesardefendedthepublic”insteadof“Idefendedthepublic.”Thissubtleswitchgivesthestatementanairoffairness.Thoughitmayseemstrangetoday,psychologicalresearchsuggestsitbringscognitivebenefitsbyhelpingtoseparateemotionsfromdecision-making.Tounderstandhowilleismaidsdecision-making,wemustexplorehowscientists,likeIgorGrossmann,measurewisdom.Grossmannidentifiedkeycomponentsofwisereasoning,suchasmodestyandconsideringotherviewpoints.Hisresearchdemonstratedthatwisereasoningcanpredictlifesatisfactionandsocialrelationshipquality.However,Grossmannalsofoundthatpeoplearebetteratmakingwisedecisionsforothersthanforthemselves—aphenomenonhecalledSolomon’sParadox,aftertheBiblicalkingwhowaswiseinadvisingothersbutstruggledwithhisowndecisions.CouldilleismhelpsolveSolomon’sParadox?Grossmann’sstudiessuggestitcan.Bytalkingaboutourproblemsinthethirdperson,wegaindistance,helpingustoseethebiggerpicture.Thishelpstocalmdownemotionsthatmightconfuseourthinking.InastudywithEthanKross,peopleusingilleismshowedmorehumilityandmadebetterdecisions,suggestingthatthepracticehelpspeoplethinkmorewisely.Grossmann’slatestresearchshowsthatregularuseofilleismcanhavelastingbenefits.Participantswhowroteinthethirdpersondailysawimprovementsinwisereasoningandemotionalregulation.Thissuggeststhatilleismhelpsusmanagestressandapproachchallengesmorethoughtfully,whichInowapplytoallareasofmylife.8.WhydidJuliusCaesaruseilleisminhiswritings?A.Tooverstatehisachievements.B.Tosimplifythelanguageforhisaudience.C.Toappearmorepersonalandapproachable.D.Tomakehisstatementssoundmorefactual.9.WhatisSolomon’sParadoxdescribedinthearticle?A.Theabilitytomakedecisionswithoutemotion.B.Theskillofreasoningwiselyinpersonalmatters.C.Thetendencytogivebetteradvicetoothersthantooneself.D.Thestrategyofusingthird-personperspectiveindecision-making.10.WhatdoestheresearchbyGrossmannrevealontheregularuseofilleism?A.Itworsensemotionalresponses.B.Itisunrelatedtolifesatisfaction.C.Itisonlybeneficialforpublicspeaking.D.Ithelpsmanagestressandmakedecisions.11.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthearticle?A.Theuseofilleismbyhistoricalfigures.B.Apsychologicalstrategytoimprovedecision-making.C.Theinfluenceoflanguageonemotionalexpression.D.Acomparisonbetweenfirst-personandthird-personspeech.【答案】8.D9.C10.D11.B【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了“第三人称叙述法”在决策中帮助人们变得更加理性和智慧；介绍了这种策略的起源，并通过科学研究展示了其在解决“所罗门悖论”方面的益处。作者利用亲身经历告诉读者经常使用第三人称叙述法可以带来持久的认知和情感上的改善。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Forexample,JuliusCaesaruseditinhiswritings,“Caesardefendedthepublic”insteadof“Idefendedthepublic.”Thissubtleswitchgivesthestatementanairoffairness.Thoughitmayseemstrangetoday,psychologicalresearchsuggestsitbringscognitivebenefitsbyhelpingtoseparateemotionsfromdecision-making.(例如，尤利乌斯·凯撒在他的著作中使用了“恺撒为公众辩护”而不是“我为公众辩护。”这一微妙的转变使这一说法显得公平。尽管今天看起来很奇怪，但心理学研究表明，它通过帮助将情绪与决策分开来带来认知益处)”可知，尤利乌斯·凯撒使用第三人称叙述法是为了使他的陈述听起来更加客观和可信，听起来更符合事实。故选D。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“However,Grossmannalsofoundthatpeoplearebetteratmakingwisedecisionsforothersthanforthemselves—aphenomenonhecalledSolomon’sParadox,aftertheBiblicalkingwhowaswiseinadvisingothersbutstruggledwithhisowndecisions.(然而，格罗斯曼还发现，人们更善于为他人做出明智的决定，而不是为自己——他以圣经中的国王所罗门的名字命名了这一现象，这位国王在为他人提供建议方面很明智，但在自己的决定上却很挣扎)”可推知，所罗门悖论描述的是人们在为别人提供建议时比为自己做决定时更明智，即倾向于给别人比给自己更好的建议。故选C。【10题详析】细节推断题。根据最后一段“Grossmann’slatestresearchshowsthatregularuseofilleismcanhavelastingbenefits.Participantswhowroteinthethirdpersondailysawimprovementsinwisereasoningandemotionalregulation.Thissuggeststhatilleismhelpsusmanagestressandapproachchallengesmorethoughtfully,whichInowapplytoallareasofmylife.(格罗斯曼的最新研究表明，经常使用第三人称叙述法可以带来持久的好处。每天用第三人称叙述法写作的参与者看到了明智推理和情绪调节的改善。这表明，第三人称叙述法有助于我们更周到地管理压力和应对挑战，我现在将其应用于我生活的各个领域)”可知，格罗斯曼的研究表明使用第三人称叙述法可以帮助管理压力和应对挑战，能让人们更好地理解他人的观点，从而提高决策的明智性。由此可知，第三人称叙述法可以有助于管理压力和做出决定。故选D。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thinkingthroughproblemscanbechallenging,buttherearewaystobecomefairerandmoreobjective.Onesuchmethodisilleism(第三人称叙述法),anancientstrategywhereonespeaksaboutoneselfinthethirdpersonratherthanthefirst.(思考问题可能具有挑战性，但有办法变得更加公平和客观。其中一种方法是第三人称叙述法，这是一种古老的策略，人们用第三人称而不是第一人称来谈论自己)”、第三段“CouldilleismhelpsolveSolomon’sParadox?Grossmann’sstudiessuggestitcan.(第三人称叙述法能帮助解决所罗门悖论吗？格罗斯曼的研究表明，它可以)”以及文章内容可知，整篇文章讨论了第三人称叙述法作为一种心理学策略，如何帮助改善决策，特别是在解决所罗门悖论时，因此，这篇文章的重点是介绍一种改善决策的心理策略。故选B。DGermanyisattheforefrontofagreenenergyrevolutionwiththeriseofbalconysolarpanels.Theselightweight,plug-and-playpanelsarenotonlyaffordablebutalsoeasytoinstall,allowingeverydaycitizenstogeneratetheirownelectricity.InGermany,individualpanelscanbeboughtforaslowas200euros,andcompletesetsareabouttwicethatcost.Newlawspreventlandlordsfromblockingsolarpanelinstallations(安装)andsimplifyregistrationrequirements,makingpersonalsolarsystemsmoreattractive.Thereisagrowingdiversityofusers,includingolderpeopleandadultwomen,andmanyareyoungfamiliesconcernedaboutclimatechange.MostofthesolarpanelsareproducedinChina,whichhasdominatedtheglobalindustryandreducedcosts.WaltraudBorg,aBerlinrétiree,wasdelightedtoinstallseveralonherbalconyafterdiscoveringthematasustainabilitytradefair.“It’sthrillingtobemoreindependent,”shesaid.Eachpanelproducesenoughpowerforalaptoporasmallfridge,andover500,000systemshavebeensetupacrossGermany.Theboominsolarpaneluseispartlyduetonewlawsthathaveeasedinstallationregulations.AspartofitspushtomoveawayfromdependenceonRussiannaturalgas,theEuropeanUnionislookingtoquadruple(变成四倍)theamountofpowergeneratedthroughphotovoltaic(光伏)sourcesby2030,to600gigawatts(吉瓦).Germanyaimstoreachathirdofthatamountbythesameyear.Inthefirsthalfofthisyear,Germanyadded90gigawattsofphotovoltaiccapacity,accordingtoRystadEnergy.Theso-calledplug-insystemsconvertthedirectcurrentfromthepanelstoalternatingcurrentforhomeuse.JanikNolden,founderofSolago,aGermanstart-up,notedthatmostcustomersprefertoinstallthepanelsthemselves.Hiscompanyhasgrownrapidly,shippingproductsacrossGermanyandintoAustria.Plug-insolarpanelsarealsogainingpopularityinotherEuropeancountries,withpricésdroppingsteadily.Small-scalebatterieshavebeenintroduced,allowinguserstostoreelectricityforlateruse.Appsletusersmonitortheirenergyproduction,whichhasbecomeapopularpastime,sparkingfriendlycompetitionamongneighbors.ThomasLosch,initiallyskeptical,becamefascinatedwithsolarpowerafterseeinganeighbor’ssetup.Henowcheckshisappeverymorningtoseehowmuchenergyisbeinggenerated.“Iamcompletelyhooked,”hesaid.“It’sagoodfeelingtodomybitfortheenvironment.”12.Whatadvantagesdobalconysolarpanelshavebasedonthepassage?A.Theyareprimarilyintendedforusebytheyoung.B.Theyhavefullyreplacedtraditionalpowersystems.C.Theyarecost-effectiveandappliedineveryaspectoflife.D.Theycancutemissions,saveonbills,andgainpolicysupport.13.WhatwillbeGermany’sachievementinphotovoltaiccapacityby2030?A.90gigawatts. B.150gigawatts. C.200gigawatts. D.600gigawatts.14.Howdosmall-scalebatteriesboosttheuseofbalconysolarpanels?A.Enableenergystorageforfutureuse.B.Perfectcompetitionatmosphere.C.Monitorbatteries’chargingprocess.D.Decreasesolarpanelefficiency.15.Whichofthefollowingtitlesisthemostsuitableforthepassage?A.EU's2030SolarPowerGoalsB.Small-scalebatteriesDominateMarketC.BalconySolarPanels:AGermanRevolutionD.SolarEnergy:EconomicandEnvironmentalImpact【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了阳台太阳能电池板的兴起，让德国处于绿色能源革命的前沿。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Germanyisattheforefrontofagreenenergyrevolutionwiththeriseofbalconysolarpanels.(随着阳台太阳能电池板的兴起，德国处于绿色能源革命的前沿)”和第二段的句子“InGermany,individualpanelscanbeboughtforaslowas200euros,andcompletesetsareabouttwicethatcost.Newlawspreventlandlordsfromblockingsolarpanelinstallations(安装)andsimplifyregistrationrequirements,makingpersonalsolarsystemsmoreattractive.Thereisagrowingdiversityofusers,includingolderpeopleandadultwomen,andmanyareyoungfamiliesconcernedaboutclimatechange.(在德国，单个太阳能电池板的价格低至200欧元，整套太阳能电池板的价格约为200欧元的两倍。新的法律禁止房东阻止太阳能电池板的安装，并简化了注册要求，使个人太阳能系统更具吸引力。用户越来越多样化，包括老年人和成年妇女，许多是关心气候变化的年轻家庭。)”可知，文章中提到的阳台太阳能板的优势包括减少排放、节省费用和政策支持。故选D项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“AspartofitspushtomoveawayfromdependenceonRussiannaturalgas,theEuropeanUnionislookingtoquadruple(变成四倍)theamountofpowergeneratedthroughphotovoltaic(光伏)sourcesby2030,to600gigawatts(吉瓦).Germanyaimstoreachathirdofthatamountbythesameyear.(作为摆脱对俄罗斯天然气依赖的努力的一部分，欧盟正寻求到2030年将光伏发电的发电量增加四倍，达到600吉瓦。德国的目标是到同年达到这一数字的三分之一。)”可知，到2030年，德国的光伏发电将达到200吉瓦。故选C项【14题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句“Small-scalebatterieshavebeenintroduced,allowinguserstostoreelectricityforlateruse.(小型电池已经被引入，允许用户储存电力以供以后使用。)”可知，小型电池可以存储能量以备将来使用，这促进了阳台太阳能电池板的使用。故选A项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了阳台太阳能电池板的兴起，让德国处于绿色能源革命的前沿。所以用C项“BalconySolarPanels:AGermanRevolution(阳台太阳能电池板：德国革命)”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。PeopleareconfidentintheiropinionsevenwhentheyknowlittleInadebate,ifyoustronglyfeelyou’reright,youmayactuallybewrong,astudyshows.Youmaybeexperiencingwhatscientistscallan“illusion(错觉)ofinformationadequacy”.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPLOSONE,wasconductedbyateamofscientistsfromtheUS.____16____Theteamconductedanonlineexperimentinvolving1,261participantsfromtheUS.Theparticipantsweredividedintothreegroups,eachreadinganarticleaboutafictionalschoolthatlackedwater.Thearticleforthefirstgrouppresentedonlyreasonswhytheschoolshouldbeintegratedwithanotherthathadsufficientmerger.____17____Bothsaidtheywerejustaswell-informedasanyoneelse,andthatmostotherpeoplewouldmakethesamechoiceastheydid.Inthethirdgroup,55percentsupportedthemergerwhile45percentwereagainstit.“____18____”AngusFletcher,oneofthescientists,explainedtoPopularScience,“Thismakesustendtothinkthatwehaveallthecrucialfactsaboutadecision,leapingtoconfidentconclusionsanddecisivejudgments.____19____”Interestingly,afterbeingpresentedwithallthefacts,manyparticipantsinthefirsttwogroupschangedtheirminds.____20____Thisshowedthat,whengivenmorecomprehensiveinformation,peoplemaybewillingtochangetheiropinions.However,asnotedbyPopularScience,changingdeeplyrootedviewsonmorecomplextopicscanbemuchmorechallenging.A.Buttheseconddisagreed.B.Infact,wearemissingnecessaryinformation.C.Nevertheless,thethirdgroupchangedtheirmindstoo.D.Thisresultsinamixofopinionssimilartothoseofthethirdgroup.E.Thelessourbrainknows,themoreconfidentlyitknowsallitneedstoknow.F.Scientiststhink“illusionofinformationadequacy”makesforourmutualcooperation.G.Theybelievethis“illusion”maycontributetomisunderstandingsandconflictsinourlives.【答案】16.G17.A18.E19.B20.D【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在争论中，如果你强烈认为自己是正确的，实际上你可能是错误的。你可能正在经历科学家们称之为“信息充足错觉”的现象。文章通过具体例子解释了这一现象。【16题详析】根据上文“Inadebate,ifyoustronglyfeelyou’reright,youmayactuallybewrong,astudyshows.Youmaybeexperiencingwhatscientistscallan“illusion(错觉)ofinformationadequacy”.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPLOSONE,wasconductedbyateamofscientistsfromtheUS.(一项研究表明，在辩论中，如果你强烈认为自己是对的，实际上你可能是错的。你可能正在经历科学家所说的“信息充足的错觉”。这项研究由来自美国的一组科学家进行，发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》杂志上)”可推知下文应是这种错觉带来的问题，G选项“他们认为这种“错觉”可能导致我们在生活中产生误解和冲突。”符合题意，并且选项中的they指的就是科学家们，故选G。【17题详析】根据上文“Thearticleforthefirstgrouppresentedonlyreasonswhytheschoolshouldbeintegratedwithanotherthathadsufficientmerger.(第一组的文章仅提供了支持该校应与另一所具备充足合并条件的学校进行整合的理由)”和下文“Bothsaidtheywerejustaswell-informedasanyoneelse,andthatmostotherpeoplewouldmakethesamechoiceastheydid.Inthethirdgroup,55percentsupportedthemergerwhile45percentwereagainstit.(两组都说他们和其他人一样消息灵通，而且大多数人都会和他们做出同样的选择。在第三组中，55%的人支持合并，45%的人反对)”可推知设空处应该是关于第二组的观点，所以A选项“但第二组不同意。”符号题意，故选A。【18题详析】根据下文“Thismakesustendtothinkthatwehaveallthecrucialfactsaboutadecision,leapingtoconfidentconclusionsanddecisivejudgments.(这使我们倾向于认为我们拥有关于一个决定的所有关键事实，从而迅速得出自信的结论和决定性的判断)”可知，这是在解释一种大脑的认知情况，E选项“我们的大脑知道得越少，就越自信地认为它知道了所有需要知道的东西。”能很好地引出后文对这种情况的解释。故选E。【19题详析】根据上文“AngusFletcher,oneofthescientists,explainedtoPopularScience,“Thismakesustendtothinkthatwehaveallthecrucialfactsaboutadecision,leapingtoconfidentconclusionsanddecisivejudgments.(其中一位科学家安格斯·弗莱彻向《大众科学》解释说：“这使我们倾向于认为我们掌握了一个决定的所有关键事实，从而迅速得出自信的结论和果断的判断)”可推知设空处应是这位科学家继续做出的解释，而且对上文进行了总结，所以B选项“事实上，我们缺少必要的信息。”符合语境，并且符合“信息充足的错觉”的现象。故选B。【20题详析】根据上文“Interestingly,afterbeingpresentedwithallthefacts,manyparticipantsinthefirsttwogroupschangedtheirminds.(有趣的是，在被告知所有事实后，前两组的许多参与者改变了主意)”可知前两组很多参与者在看到所有事实后改变了想法，后面应说明这样做导致的结果，D选项“这导致了与第三组相似的意见混合。”符合题意，正是改变后的结果。故选D。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Afewyearsago,weboughtamodelLegosetformydad’sbirthday,hopingtocombinehisloveforarchitecturewithfamilytime.Eachevening,mydadandI____21____thelargediningtabletoplanourlineofattack.Wefacedthousandsof____22____whitepieces,eachpackagedwithprecisioninnumberedplasticbags,____23____byathickinstructionbooklet.Wewereamazedbyhow____24____themodelwas.Wealsorealizedthebookletitselfwasaworkofart,beautiful,butalsosurprisingly____25____andclear.Itprovideduswiththecomfortof____26____.Weknewifwefollowedallthe____27____,wewouldendupwithamodehatlooked____28____likethepictureonthebox.Ifwemadeamistake,allwehadtodowas____29____oursteps,flipbackthepagesandstartagain.Life,however,doesnot_____30_____togethersoneatlyand_____31_____providesuswithsuchclearinstructions.Wetalkedoverourrespectivelives,decisionsmade,andactionsandchoicesnever_____32_____.Wethinkwehavetheabilityof_____33_____ourlife,butourchoicesareshapedby_____34_____beyondourcontrol.Inthefaceofuncertainty,wehaveto_____35_____,trustingbothintheprocessandtheendresult.21.A.gatheredaround B.sidedwith C.livedoff D.straightenedup22.A.vast B.tiny C.relevant D.original23.A.favored B.accompanied C.transformed D.covered24.A.impractical B.unique C.complex D.dull25.A.ordinary B.abstract C.meaningless D.detailed26.A.certainty B.relaxation C.insecurity D.competition27.A.assessments B.circumstances C.instructions D.inferences28.A.initially B.ultimately C.exactly D.partly29.A.recycle B.retrace C.reveal D.recall30.A.fit B.occupy C.shift D.involve31.A.fundamentally B.merely C.slightly D.rarely32.A.motivated B.declined C.opposed D.taken33.A.controlling B.designing C.analyzing D.founding34.A.rays B.forces C.shadows D.instances35.A.proceed B.succeed C.predict D.interrupt【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.C25.D26.A27.C28.C29.B30.A31.D32.D33.A34.B35.A【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和父亲一起拼装乐高模型的经历，并从中感悟到人生与拼乐高的不同之处。【21题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：每天晚上，我和爸爸都会围坐在大餐桌旁，计划我们的拼装策略。A.gatheredaround聚集在……周围；B.sidedwith支持，站在……一边；C.livedoff依靠……生活；D.straightenedup整理，站直。根据后文“thelargediningtabletoplanourlineofattack”可知，作者和父亲围坐在餐桌旁计划拼装的策略。故选A。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们面对着成千上万的小小的白色积木，每个都精确地包装在编号的塑料袋里，还伴有一本厚厚的说明书。A.vast广阔的；B.tiny微小的；C.relevant相关的；D.original原始的。根据常识和后文“whitepieces,eachpackagedwithprecisioninnumberedplasticbags”可知，乐高积木是很小的白色积木块。故选B。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.favored偏爱；B.accompanied陪伴，附有；C.transformed转变；D.covered覆盖。根据后文“byathickinstructionbooklet”指乐高积木附有一本厚厚的说明书。故选B。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们对这个模型的复杂程度感到惊讶。A.impractical不切实际的；B.unique独特的；C.complex复杂的；D.dull枯燥的。根据后文“Wealsorealizedthebookletitselfwasaworkofart,beautiful,butalsosurprisingly______andclear.”可知，说明书既漂亮又详细清晰，可推知模型很复杂。故选C。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们也意识到这本说明书本身就是一件艺术品，既漂亮，又出奇地详细和清晰。A.ordinary普通的；B.abstract抽象的；C.meaningless无意义的；D.detailed详细的。根据后文“clear”可知，说明书详细且清晰。故选D。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它给了我们确定性的安慰。A.certainty确定性；B.relaxation放松；C.insecurity不安全；D.competition竞争。根据后文“Weknewifwefollowedallthe_______,wewouldendupwithamodehatlooked_______likethepictureonthebox.”可知，如果我们按照说明书来，就能拼出和图片一样的模型，这给了我们确定性的安慰。故选A。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们知道，如果我们遵循所有的说明，我们最终会得到一个看起来和盒子上的图片一模一样的模型。A.assessments评估；B.circumstances情况；C.instructions说明；D.inferences推断。根据前文“accompaniedbyathickinstructionbooklet”可知，此处指遵循说明书。故选C。【28题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.initially最初；B.ultimately最终；C.exactly恰好地，正是；D.partly部分地。根据后文“likethepictureonthebox”可知，拼出的模型和图片一模一样。故选C。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们犯了一个错误，我们所要做的就是回溯我们的步骤，翻回前几页，重新开始。A.recycle回收；B.retrace回溯；C.reveal揭露；D.recall回忆。根据后文“oursteps,flipbackthepagesandstartagain”可知，拼错的话要回溯步骤，翻回前几页重新开始。故选B。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，生活并不是如此整齐地契合在一起的，也很少为我们提供如此清晰的指示。A.fit适合；B.occupy占领；C.shift转移；D.involve涉及。根据后文“togethersoneatly”可知，生活并不像乐高积木那样整齐地契合在一起。故选A。【31题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.fundamentally根本地；B.merely仅仅；C.slightly轻微地；D.rarely很少。根据前文“Life,however,doesnot_______togethersoneatly”可知，生活很少给我们提供如此清晰的指示。故选D。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们讨论了各自的生活，所做的决定，以及从未采取的行动和选择。A.motivated激发；B.declined下降；C.opposed反对；D.taken采取。根据后文“actionsandchoices”可知，此处指从未采取的行动和做出的选择。故选D。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们认为我们有能力控制我们的生活，但我们的选择是受到我们无法控制的力量的影响。A.controlling控制；B.designing设计；C.analyzing分析；D.founding建立。根据后文“ourlife”可知，此处指控制生活，应用control。故选A。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.rays射线；B.forces力量；C.shadows阴影；D.instances例子。根据后文“beyondourcontrol”可知，是无法控制的力量影响我们的选择。故选B。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：面对不确定性，我们必须继续前进，既要相信过程，也要相信最终结果。A.proceed继续前进；B.succeed成功；C.predict预测；D.interrupt打断。根据后文“trustingbothintheprocessandtheendresult”可知，面对不确定性要继续前进。故选A。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号单词的正确形式。TheOlympicringsontheEiffelTowerbecameabigfeatureoftheParisOlympics,attracting____36____(crowd)ofvisitorsbetweenJuly26andAug11,____37____cametotakephotoswiththeeye-catchingdisplayinthebackground.Tokeepthefestivespiritalive,MayorAnneHidalgoannouncedplanstoleavetheOlympicringsontheEiffelTower____38____(permanent)inearlySeptember.However,the30-tonringsprovedtooheavytostayonthetower.Hidalgosuggestedcreatingalighterversioninstead,buttheproposalcausedmanyheated____39____(argue).“Theywereabitlarge,soit’sbetter____40____(put)smallonesthatcanremainforafewyears,”saidGabriel,aFrenchvolunteerattheGames,____41____(stand)atthebaseofthetoweronFriday.Itwouldbesymbolicand____42____greatsouvenir.”TheAssociationofDescendantsofGustaveEiffel(埃菲尔后裔协会),thedesignergroupofthetower,____43____(disapprove)oftheplan.ItstatedthattheEiffelTowershouldnothave“thesymbolofanoutsideorganizationadded____44____i