高中英语选择性必修四Unit 1 词汇学习

Unit1词汇学习1.Today’ssciencefictionistomorrow’ssciencefact.2.1)Scientiststestouttheoriesbyexperiments.2)Thesoftwareshouldbetestedoutbeforebeingputonthemarket.testsb.forsth.给某人做某方面的身体检查test...on...在...上做实验3.1)Shewasrewardedforhereffortswithacashbonus.2)Wefeltwemightfinishthird.Anybetterwouldbeabonus.4.1)He'smorelikeafilmstarthanateacher,really.2)I'dsayhewasmorelikehisfather.3)Hebelievesthefigureshouldbemorelike$10million.4)It'soncompanyadvice—well,orders,morelike.5.1)Itisridiculoustodisputeaboutsuchthings.2)It'sridiculousthatweshouldhavetoqueue,whenwehavealreadygotourtickets.3)Shelooksridiculousinthatgetup.副词:ridiculously名词:ridiculousness6.1)behaveyourselfwithdignity.有尊严地；体面地2)Therealdignityofamanliesinwhatheis,notinwhathehas.拓展：nationaldignity民族尊严dignified有尊严的7.1)Ihavealwaysregardedhimasamanofintegrity.2)Theancientpagodaisstillthere,butnotinitsintegrity.8.Howmuchofyoursalarygoesforrent?9.make/fixanappointmentwithkeep/breakan/one’sappointmentputoff/changeone’sappointmentHewasappointedSheriffofNewYork.10.1)Stopbitingyournails!2)nailclippers3)Shehammeredthenailin.4)anailinsb's/sth'scoffin导致失败的事物；导致某事终结之物5)onthenail付款)立刻；马上；毫不拖延They'regoodcustomerswhoalwayspayonthenail.6)fighttoothandnail坚决斗争；全力以赴地斗争Theresidentsarefightingtoothandnailtostopthenewdevelopment.7)hitthenailonthehead说到点子上；正中要害8)(as)toughasoldboots很强壮；坚韧不拔；雷打不动9)(as)toughasnails铁石心肠；不为所动11.比较级:guiltier,guiltiest副词:guiltilyunguilty名词:guiltiness1)Hewasguiltyofassaultandbattery.他犯了殴打罪。2)No.Ididn'tfeelguiltyaboutthat.12.1).悬；挂；吊Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.2).暂停；中止；使暂停发挥作用或使用等Productionhasbeensuspendedwhilesafetychecksarecarriedout.3)延缓；暂缓；推迟Theintroductionofthenewsystemhasbeensuspendeduntilnextyear.13.dismissed,dismissing,dismissesdismission1)Hewassummarilydismissedfromhisjob.2)Papadismissedtheideawithashakeofhishead.3)Hepronouncedthatweweredismissed.14.1)TheelectorsdeclaredagainsttheirformerMemberofParliament.~for2)Chinaformallydeclaredwaragainst/onJapaninDecember1941.declaration15.Someofthestudiesshowpositiveresults,whereasothersdonot.16.1)Theyareveryexpensive,Ipresume?2)“Ishestillabroad?”“Ipresumeso”3)Ipresumed(that)heunderstoodtherules.4)Littleisknownoftheyoungestson;itispresumedthathediedyoung.5)Ipresumedhimtobeherhusband.17.1)Yoursalaryisonamonthlybasis.2)Whatareyoubasingthistheoryon?3)Themuseum‘sbaserestsonheavypillars(柱子).basicinformation基本信息；基本资料basicallybasement18.You‘llneedtocalculate（figureout=workout）howmuchtimetheassignmentwilltake.19.1)Weweigheduptheprosandcons.2)Theysatforhoursdebatingtheprosandconsofsettinguptheirownfirm.20.1)Shesufferedfromdizzinessandblurredvision.2)Tearsblurredhereyes.3)EverythingisablurwhenItakemyglassesoff.20.1)Thebookissuperiortothat.2)Thismachineissuperiorinmanyrespectstothat.注意：superior没有比较级，也不与than连用用to不用than表比的词：seniorto...比...年长/级别高juniorto...比...年轻21.1)Rightnowshetakesovertwojobs.2)Thefirmwastakenoverbyamultinationalconsultingfirm.拓展：takeawaytakein吸收；理解,拿走；夺走takedown写下；记下takeoff起飞；脱掉；开始成功takeup占据；从事；继续22.Beresponsibleforyouractionsandinaction.Betruetoyourself23.1)Thereisaconflictbetweentwocultures2)Shefoundherselfinconflictwithherparentsoverherfuturecareer.beinconflict(n.)with3)Theseresultsconflictwithearlierfindings.conflictwith24.1)Thepricewillincludethelabourandmaterials2)Hewassoexhaustedfromtheday'slaboursthathewentstraighttobed.3)Janewasinlabourfortenhours.4)alabouroflove5)Welabouredalldayinthefields.25.1)She'safewinchestallerthanme.2)Aclimberisinchingupaverticalwallofrock.3)Shetriedtogetagripontheicyrock.4)Icouldn'tgetagriponwhatwasgoingon.26.1)ahazyafternoon/sky2)ahazymemory/idea27.Shehasgonetofetchwater.Wefetchupatthewharfexactlyontime.fetch:指一往一返，相当于goandbring，去取了东西或带人再返回到出发处。bring:指从某处把人或物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点，强调方向，不着重方式。28.1)Itturnedoutthatourcalculationswereincorrect.2)Thispolicyhasturnedouttobeanabjectfailure.turndownturnonturnupturnoff29.1)Theysetoffatasteady/gentle/leisurelypace2)Itisdifficulttokeepupwiththerapidpaceofchange.30.1)Thenumberofstudentsgoingtostudyabroadisfallingaway.2)Whatwasgoingon?Theturbanfellaway.n.强烈的愿望；冲动Ihadanurgetoseehim.迫切做某事，有强烈的欲望做某事我迫切希望见到他。31.Iurgeyoutoreadboththesebooks.urgencyn.紧急；紧急情况urgentadj.紧急的；迫切的32.1)Thetruckjoltedandrattledovertheroughground.2)Herheartjoltedwhenshesawhim.3)Hisremarkjoltedherintoaction.4)Theplanelandedwithajolt.33.1)Theplaneflippedandcrashed.2)Shereachedoverandflippedoffthelight.3)Theyflippedacointodecidewhowouldgettheticket.4)IhadaquickflipthroughthereportwhileIwaswaiting.34.1)Thefallstunnedmeforamoment.2)Theywerestunnedbytheviewfromthesummit.3)Shewastoostunnedtospeak.35.1)Thismayhavebeenanimprovement,but“breakthrough”wasanoverstatement.2)Trueemotionoughtnottorequireoverstatement.3)ItwouldbeanexaggerationtosayIknewherwell─Ionlymethertwice.UNIT1能力提升强化练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(浙江嘉兴高二上期末)Trickortreat!WithHalloweenaroundthecorner,kidsareabouttocollectbagsfullofcandy,includingchocolate.Meanwhile,agroupofresearchersintheNetherlandshavebeenexperimentingwithamethodtomakechocolatemoreofa“treat”thanever.Whilechocolateisdeliciousformanyreasons,thisstudyfocusedonhowitcrackswhenitisbitten.CorentinCoulais,theresearcherteachingphysicsattheUniversityofAmsterdamsays,“Tobetterhowitfeelsinthemouth,wegave‘geometry(几何学)’tochocolate,whichwouldthenchangethewayitbreaks.”Givingit“geometry”involvedusinga3Dprintertoproducedarkchocolateinvariousways.Ratherthancreatingaflat,solidpiece,themachineprinteditintoasimpleS-shape,orzigzaggedsuper-thinlayersback-and-forthseveraltimes,orintoincreasinglycomplicatedspirals(螺旋形).Theresultingpieceswerefedto10eagervolunteers.Itturnedoutthatthecrunchiest(最松脆的)—whileremainingeasytobite—wasthechocolateshapedintofairlycomplicatedspirals.Itwasalsothetoptastingexperience.Theresearchersalsousedamachinetocrackthevariousshapesandseewhichwasthecrunchiest.Plus,theyrecordedthesoundsofthecracking,becauseapleasurableeatingexperiencedoesn’tonlytakeplaceinthemouth,butcanbeaffectedbythenoisesinyourhead.Thegeneralwinnerremainedthatspiral.“It’stooearlytosaywhetherchocolatewillsoonbemadedifferently,”Coulaissays.Heisworkingwithacoupleoforganizationstoseehowitmightbeappliedinmaterialsotherthanchocolate—onesthatmightbeusedinvehicles,forexample,tomakethemlessdangerouswhentheycrash.Understandingcrackingcouldmakelifesafer—incarsorairplanesorwearinghelmets.ItcouldalsomakethoseHalloweentreatseventastier.1.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?A.Bydiscussingacase.B.Bymakingaprediction.C.Bypresentingascene.D.Byexplainingaphenomenon.2.Whatisthefunctionofthe3Dprinterusedintheexperiment?A.Toexplorethewaychocolatebreaks.B.Tocreatechocolateinvariousshapes.C.Toimprovethechocolatetastingexperience.D.Torecordthesoundsofchocolatecracking.3.WhatdoesCoulaismostexpectafterthestudy?A.TheattractionofHalloweentreats.B.Thechangeinchocolateproduction.C.Thegrowingawarenessofdrivingsafety.D.Theapplicationofthefindingsinotherfields.4.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Geometrymakesatastierchocolate.B.Complicatedspiralsarethechampion.C.Aknowledgeofcrackingmattersalot.D.Thecrunchiestchocolateisnewlyborn.B(江苏常州八校期中联考)Microsoftwon’trenewthecontractsfordozensofnewsproductioncontractorsworkingatitsMSNwebsiteandplanstouseAItoreplacethem.Theroughly50employeeswereinformedthattheirserviceswouldnolongerbeneededbeyondJune30,butateamoffull-timejournalistswillremain.TheMicrosoftspokesmansaidinastatement,“Likeallcompanies,weanalyzeandmakejudgmentsonouractivitiesandservicesonaregularbasis.Thiscanresultinincreasedinvestmentinsomeplacesand,fromtimetotime,rearrangementinothers.Thesedecisionsarenottheresultofthecurrentpandemic.”MSNwilluseAItoreplacetheproductionworkitsjournalistshavebeendoing.Thatworkincludesusinganautomatedsystemtoidentifytrendingnewsstoriesfromdozensofpublishingpartnersandtohelpimprovethecontentbyrewritingheadlinesoraddingbetteraccompanyingphotographsorslideshows.“IspendallmytimereadingabouthowautomationandAIaregoingtotakeallourjobs—nowit’stakenmine,”oneoftheterminatedcontractorssaid.“Butwithfewerhumanbeingstomonitorthetechnology,AImaynotbefullyfamiliarwithstricteditorialguidelinesandcouldenduplettingthroughinappropriatestories.”MSNhasundergoneanumberofchangessinceitsLaunchasMicrosoftNetworkin1995.Onceitofferedtheoriginalcontentandlinkstonews,weatherandsports.In2013,itreducedtheoriginalnewscontentandbegancuttingemployees.By2014.itlaunchedaredesignedversionthatpartneredwithothernewssites—payingthemtoredistributetheircontent.Today,thenewsservicereliesentirelyonthosepartnershipswithnooriginalnewscontentofitsown.SelectingandeditingstoriesratherthanactuallygeneratingthemmadeiteasierforMSNtoincreasinglyrelyonanautomatededitingsystem.5.WhatishappeningatMicrosoft?A.Morepeoplearebeingemployedtodevelop.B.SomeworkersarebeingfiredandreplacedbyAI.C.RobotsarebeingusedtowritenewsreportsforMSN.D.ItissigningnewcontractswithsomeworkersatMSN.6.WhatdoestheMicrosoftspokesmanmean?A.TheywillinvestmoreinAI.B.Theyfrequentlyexaminetheirbusiness.C.TheyprovidethebestservicesforInternetusers.D.Theyhavebeenbadlyinfluencedbythepandemic.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“terminated”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Scheduled.B.Informed.C.Involved. D.Dismissed.8.WhichbestdescribeshowMSNworksnow?A.Allitsnewsisproducedbyothernewssites.B.Othernewswebsitespayittouseitscontent.C.Theoriginalcontentisencouragedonitswebsite.D.Itspartnershelpitselectandeditnewsstories.Ⅱ.完形填空(山东烟台高二下期中)OnceFrankandhisdaughterNovatookacross-countrydrivewiththeirdogBobbie.Duringastop,poorBobbiewas1byfiercelocaldogs.ThinkingBobbiewouldtakecareofhimselfasusual,Frankleftforthehotel2tofindBobbiereturntheretojointhem.

AfterhourswithoutBobbie,Frankgot3.SinceBobbieusedtorespondtothesoundofthecarhorn,Frankfirstdrove4allaround,honkingfrequentlyuntilmidnight.Bobbieneverappeared.Afteraweekof5andplacingnewspaperadvertisements,thefamilyhadtogiveupandstartdrivinghome.Fallturningtowinter,the6familyhadto7thefactthattheycouldnolongersharetheirhappinesswithbelovedBobbie.

Six8later,Novawaswalkingdownastreetwhenshe9atthesightofamessyandraggedlookingfigurewalkingoutofwoods.Hiseyeswerehalf-closedandredwith10,hisfeetbleeding.Novascreamedout“Bobbie”andinmoments,awareofsomething,Bobbiebeganjumpingupagainandagainto11herface,makingunclearsoundsof12mixedwithsobsofjoy.Hewasskinny,footsorebuthewashappytoseeher.Athomeheshookhistail,rolledoveronhisback,helduphispadsandfixedthefamilywithhiseyes,seeminglytotellthemhisreturning-home13.

Imaginebeing2,500milesfromhomewithnotransportationandcrossingfreezingcoldmountainsanddesertsforhalfayear.How14!ButBobbie,theWonder15,madeit.

1.A.guarded B.welcomed C.chased D.hidden2.A.expecting B.failing C.struggling D.managing3.A.mad B.disappointed C.hopeless D.worried4.A.safely B.smoothly C.quickly D.slowly5.A.waiting B.searching C.driving D.missing6.A.warm-hearted B.cold-blooded C.broken-hearted D.clear-headed7.A.accept B.change C.escape D.ignore8.A.weeks B.fortnights C.months D.seasons9.A.shocked B.attracted C.fell D.smiled10.A.tears B.injuries C.shame D.excitement11.A.kiss B.meet C.see D.avoid12.A.depression B.relief C.regret D.gratitude13.A.ambition B.view C.outing D.adventure14.A.innocent B.incredible C.abnormal D.awkward15.A.Hiker B.Man C.Dog D.KidⅢ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。(浙江嘉兴高二期末检测)Nowadays,manypeoplehurrytogetfromoneplacetoanotherasefficientlyaspossiblethatthosewhoenjoyshootingthebreeze—chattingforfun—areoftenleftwithouteagerparticipants.Butnoteveryoneisgoingthroughlifejustlookingahead,andthat’sagoodthing.JustenCrumptonfromHueytown,Alabama,isoneofthosepeoplewhoenjoytalkingtocompletestrangers.Inherownwords,“Ifyouknowmeatall,youknow,Ilovetoinvolvemyselfinothers’conversations,eveniftheyarecompletestrangers.”Attimes,thathasannoyedherfamily,butinNovemberithadawhollyunexpectedeffect.OnNov.7,theAlabamamotherwasshockedbythekindnessofastrangerwhotreatedhertoanearlyChristmasgiftafterachanceencounter.Asamomwiththreegirlsandanewbabyboy,shedidn’tbuythingsforherselfalot.Thatday,CrumptonwentwithhermomandsistertotryandfinishupChristmasshopping,wearinghernew-bornboyinababywrap.Astheywerewalkingalongafterdoingsomeshopping,CrumptonsawtwomenstandingnearaVonMaurUGGsdisplayhighlightingaparticularpairofshoesthathappenedtobetheonesshe’dbeeneyingforthelast5years.Seeingheropportunityforalittlepleasantcasualtalk,shepausedandjokinglyofferedthemenshoppingadvice,“Ifyouareshoppingforyourgirl,thengetherthese,”pointingtoacertainpair.Thenshetoldthemshehadbeenaskingforthemforthepastfiveyears.Shelaughedandstartedtowalkaway.Whileatthatmoment,oneofthemensaidinsurprise“FIVEYEARS!”Sheturnedaroundandlaughedsomemore,saying“yes!”andwasjoyfullyreadytocontinueherway.注意:1.续写词数应为150个左右;2.请按如下格式作答。“Oh,andyouhaveababy,”themansaid.“Waitrightthere.”________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Shefeltmovedwalkingawaywiththeshoes.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________UNIT1能力提升强化练Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了为了使巧克力更美味,研究人员将“几何学”运用于巧克力,用3D打印机打印出各种形状的巧克力。1.C推理判断题。根据第一段可知,文章开篇展示了一个场景,万圣节即将到来,“不给糖就捣蛋!”的活动再次开始,孩子们将收集装满糖果的袋子,包括巧克力。接下来文章介绍了有关巧克力的话题,荷兰的一组研究人员正在试验一种方法,使巧克力比以往任何时候都更“美味”,由此可知,作者通过呈现一个场景来引出本文的主题。故选C项。2.B细节理解题。根据第三段的“Givingit‘geometry’involvedusinga3Dprintertoproducedarkchocolateinvariousways...orintoincreasinglycomplicatedspirals.”可知,使用3D打印机可以打印出各种形状的巧克力,例如简单的S形、Z字形或螺旋形巧克力。由此可知,实验中使用的3D打印机的功能是创造各种形状的巧克力。故选B项。3.D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容“Heisworkingwithacoupleoforganizationstosee...forexample,tomakethemlessdangerouswhentheycrash.”可知,Coulais致力于将研究结果应用于除巧克力以外的材料,使人们受益。由此可知,研究结束后,Coulais最期待的是这项研究结果在其他领域的应用。故选D项。4.A主旨大意题。通读全文,结合第二段关键句“CorentinCoulais,theresearcherteachingphysicsattheUniversityofAmsterdamsays,...whichwouldthenchangethewayitbreaks.”可知,本文讲述了为了使巧克力更美味,研究人员将“几何学”运用于巧克力,用3D打印机打印出各种形状的巧克力。“Geometrymakesatastierchocolate”意为“几何学制造出更美味的巧克力”,选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选A项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能对微软公司结构和工作性质的影响。5.B细节理解题。根据文章第一段以及第二段可知,微软公司要用人工智能替代一些传统员工,故选B项。6.B推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知,微软发言人在一份声明中表示,和所有公司一样,他们会定期对他们的活动和服务进行分析和判断。这可能导致在一些地方增加投资,在另一些地方不时地重新安排投资。由此可推断,微软发言人表示微软会经常评估自己企业的状态。故选B项。7.D词义猜测题。根据文章第五段画线词上文“IspendallmytimereadingabouthowautomationandAIaregoingtotakeallourjobs—nowit’stakenmine”可知,这位员工被解雇了。所以terminated为“被解雇的”之意。故选D项。8.A细节理解题。根据文章第六段的“Today,thenewsservicereliesentirelyonthosepartnershipswithnooriginalnewscontentofitsown.SelectingandeditingstoriesratherthanactuallygeneratingthemmadeiteasierforMSNtoincreasinglyrelyonanautomatededitingsystem.”可知,MSN的所有新闻都来自于别的新闻网站。故选A项。Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了波比这只小狗走失后又奇迹般自己返回家里的经历故事。1.C根据空格后“byfiercelocaldogs”及常识可知,波比被当地凶猛的狗追赶。故选C项。2.A根据上文“ThinkingBobbiewouldtakecareofhimselfasusual”可知,弗兰克以为波比会像往常一样,自己跑掉后能找到回来的路,所以就动身去酒店,期待着波比自己回来找他。故选A项。3.D根据下文“SinceBobbieusedtorespondtothesoundofthecarhorn,Frankfirstdrove4allaround,honkingfrequentlyuntilmidnight.”可知,弗兰克寻找波比一直到午夜。由此可知,在波比走失几个小时后,弗兰克很担忧。故选D项。

4.D根据上文“SinceBobbieusedtorespondtothesoundofthecarhorn”可知,为了找到波比,弗兰克要慢慢开车鸣笛,才有可能让波比听到声音,这样波比才会现身。故选D项。5.B根据上文“Bobbieneverappeared.”以及空格后“placingnewspaperadvertisements”可知,弗兰克一家人一直在努力寻找波比。故选B项。6.C根据上文“Afteraweekof5andplacingnewspaperadvertisements”及“hadtogiveupandstartdrivinghome”可知,弗兰克一家人一直在努力寻找波比,但是一直没找到,只能放弃,开车回家。由此可知,大家都很心痛。故选C项。

7.A根据下