2026年公共英语五级考试填空模拟试题及答案

2026年公共英语五级考试填空模拟试题及答案SectionIMultipleChoice(SingleOption)1.Thecommitteeinsistedthateveryapplicant______afullmedicalreportbeforetheinterview.A.submitsB.submitC.submittedD.submittingAnswer:B2.Onlyaftertherescueteamreachedthevalley______howseriousthedamagewas.A.theyrealizedB.theyhadrealizedC.didtheyrealizeD.theydidrealizeAnswer:C3.Thenewtradeagreementwillcomeintoforceonthefirstdayof______nextyear.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whatAnswer:D4.ThelecturerspokesoquicklythatIcould______jotdownthekeystatistics.A.barelyB.nearlyC.rarelyD.hardlyeverAnswer:A5.Ifthevirus______tomutatefurther,thecurrentvaccinemayhavetobereformulated.A.willcontinueB.continuesC.wouldcontinueD.continuedAnswer:B6.Hadthecentralbankraisedinterestratesearlier,thehousingbubble______quitesosevere.A.mightnothavebeenB.wouldnotbeC.hadnotbeenD.wasnotAnswer:A7.ThejudgeruledthatthedefendantpaytheplaintiffUSD2millionin______damages.A.punishingB.punitiveC.correctionalD.penalAnswer:B8.Theclimber’soxygenmask,______wasmanufacturedinSwitzerland,malfunctionedat8,000m.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.whomAnswer:B9.Notuntilthe19thcentury______asaseparateacademicdiscipline.A.sociologywasrecognizedB.wassociologyrecognizedC.recognizedsociologyD.sociologyrecognizedAnswer:B10.TheboarddemandedthattheCFO______theshareholderswithquarterlyupdates.A.provideB.providesC.providedD.providingAnswer:A11.Themorefrequentlythematerialisrehearsed,______itistransferredtolong-termmemory.A.thegreaterthelikelihoodB.thelikelihoodisgreaterC.thegreateristhelikelihoodD.thegreatlikelihoodAnswer:A12.Theauditor’sreportwashighly______ofthewaythecharityhandleddonations.A.criticB.criticismC.criticalD.criticallyAnswer:C13.______thesamplesizeis,thenarrowertheconfidenceintervalbecomes.A.LargerB.ThelargerC.LargestD.ThelargestAnswer:B14.Thedelegatesagreedtoresumetalks______thatallhostageswerereleasedunconditionally.A.onconditionB.providedC.unlessD.otherwiseAnswer:B15.Thenoveldepictsadystopiainwhichprivacy______existed.A.hasneverB.neverhasC.hadneverD.neverhadAnswer:C16.Theengineerwarnedthatdelayingmaintenancecould______thereactor’ssafetysystems.A.compromiseB.complimentC.complementD.complicateAnswer:A17.Thespokespersondeclinedto______detailsofthecease-firenegotiations.A.divulgeB.divergeC.diversifyD.divertAnswer:A18.Theparliamentvotedtoratifythetreaty,______oppositionfromthenationalistfaction.A.despiteB.althoughC.howeverD.neverthelessAnswer:A19.Theresearchassistantwasaccused______fabricatingexperimentaldata.A.ofB.forC.withD.aboutAnswer:A20.Themuseum’snewwingisaccessibletowheelchairusers,______themainentrance.A.viaB.withC.exceptforD.unlessAnswer:ASectionIIMultipleChoice(MultipleOptions)21.Whichofthefollowingarecitedinthepassageasfactorscontributingtocoralbleaching?A.Elevatedsea-surfacetemperaturesB.OceanacidificationC.OverfishingofherbivorousfishD.UnderwatervolcaniceruptionsAnswer:A,B,C22.AccordingtotheUNCharter,whichbodieshavetheauthoritytoauthorizemilitaryintervention?A.TheSecurityCouncilB.TheGeneralAssemblyC.TheInternationalCourtofJusticeD.RegionalorganizationswithSecurityCouncilapprovalAnswer:A,D23.WhichreformswereintroducedbytheTreatyofLisbon?A.CreationoftheofficeofPresidentoftheEuropeanCouncilB.Extensionofco-decisionpowerstotheEuropeanParliamentC.AbolitionoftheprincipleofsubsidiarityD.IntroductionoftheCitizens’InitiativeAnswer:A,B,D24.Thekinetictheoryofgasesassumeswhichofthefollowing?A.Gasmoleculesoccupynegligiblevolume.B.Intermolecularforcesareinsignificant.C.Collisionsareperfectlyelastic.D.Allmoleculesmoveatidenticalspeed.Answer:A,B,C25.Whichstatementsaboutblockchainarecorrect?A.Itisinherentlyimmutable.B.Iteliminatestheneedforconsensusmechanisms.C.Itcanbepermissionedorpermissionless.D.Itreliesoncryptographichashing.Answer:A,C,DSectionIIIClozePassage(SingleWordGap-Filling)PassageATheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)warnsthattheremainingglobalcarbonbudgetconsistentwitha1.5°Ctrajectoryisalarminglynarrow.Tostaywithinthisbudget,anthropogenicCO₂emissionsmustdeclinebyapproximatelyforty-threepercentby2030relativeto2019levelsandreachnet-zeroby2050.Suchatrajectoryimpliesrapid,far-reachingtransitionsacrossenergy,land,urbanandinfrastructuresystems.Delayedmitigation,evenbyadecade,wouldnecessitateunprecedentedannualreductionratesthereafter,pushingmanysocio-technicalsystemsbeyondtheiradaptivecapacity.Gap26:Theadjectiveformof“alarm”required:______Answer:alarmingGap27:Prepositionindicatingproportionality:______Answer:byGap28:Nounmeaning“path”or“course”:______Answer:trajectoryGap29:Adjectivedescribingsomethingcausedbyhumans:______Answer:anthropogenicGap30:Verbmeaning“toachieveequilibriumbetweenemittedandremovedcarbon”:______Answer:net-zeroPassageBQuantumsupremacyreferstothemilestonewhereaquantumcomputerperformsacalculationthatisinfeasibleforanyclassicalcomputerinreasonabletime.In2019Google’sSycamoreprocessorreportedlysampledaquantumcircuitin200seconds;thesametaskwouldtaketheworld’smostpowerfulsupercomputerroughly10,000years.Criticsarguethatthechosenproblem,thoughmathematicallyvalid,lackspracticalutility.Nevertheless,thedemonstrationunderscoresthepotentialofquantumparallelism,whereinqubitsexploitsuperpositiontoexploremultiplesolutionpathwayssimultaneously.Gap31:Nounmeaning“animportantstage”:______Answer:milestoneGap32:Adjectivemeaning“practical”or“usable”:______Answer:utilityGap33:Nounphraseforthequantumphenomenonofoccupyingmultiplestates:______Answer:superpositionGap34:Verbmeaning“toutilizeforadvantage”:______Answer:exploitGap35:Adverbmeaning“atthesametime”:______Answer:simultaneouslySectionIVLexicalTransformation36.Thecourtdeclaredthestatuteunconstitutionalandtherefore______(force).Answer:unenforceable37.Thenegotiatorsreacheda______(agree)thatsatisfiedbothparties.Answer:agreement38.Thepandemic’ssocio-economic______(equal)wideneddramatically.Answer:inequality39.Thealgorithmisdeterministicandthus______(repeat).Answer:repeatable40.Thejournalistwaspraisedforher______(investigate)reporting.Answer:investigativeSectionVSentenceRewriting41.“Wewillnottolerateanyformofacademicmisconduct,”thevice-chancellorsaid.Rewriteusing“tolerance”asanoun.Answer:Thevice-chancelloremphasizedthattheuniversityhaszerotoleranceforanyformofacademicmisconduct.42.Nobodyhaschallengedtheauthenticityofthemanuscriptsince1987.Rewritebeginningwith“Theauthenticity…”Answer:Theauthenticityofthemanuscripthasremainedunchallengedsince1987.43.Ifthegovernmenthadnotintervened,thebankwouldhavecollapsed.Rewriteusing“butfor”.Answer:Butforthegovernment’sintervention,thebankwouldhavecollapsed.44.Thecommitteeapprovedtheproposal,althoughseveralmembersexpressedreservations.Rewritewith“despitethefactthat”.Answer:Thecommitteeapprovedtheproposaldespitethefactthatseveralmembersexpressedreservations.45.Theresearcherscouldnotreplicatethefindings;consequently,thepaperwasretracted.Rewriteusing“failure”asthesubject.Answer:Theresearchers’failuretoreplicatethefindingsledtothepaper’sretraction.SectionVIReadingComprehension(Open-Ended)PassageCIn2024theEuropeanCourtofJustice(ECJ)deliveredalandmarkrulingconcerningtherighttobeforgotten.ThecasearosewhenaSpanishcitizenrequestedGoogletodelista1998newspaperarticledetailinghispastbankruptcy.Googlerefused,arguingthattheinformationwaslawfullypublishedandremainedrelevanttopublicinterest.TheECJheldthatsearch-engineoperatorsactasdatacontrollersandmustbalancetheindividual’srighttoprivacyagainstthepublic’srighttoaccessinformation.Thecourtestablishedathree-prongtest:(1)accuracyandsensitivityofdata,(2)publicinterestinavailability,and(3)timeelapsed.Therulinghasextraterritorialimplications,asdelistingmustbeimplementedgloballyunlesslocallawsexplicitlyforbidit.Criticscontendthatthedecisionenablescensorship,whileproponentsargueitempowersindividualstocontroloutdatedstigmas.46.IdentifythetwocompetingrightstheECJhadtobalance.Answer:Therighttoprivacy(dataprotection)andthepublic’srighttoaccessinformation.47.Stateonecriterionfromthethree-prongtestthatfavorsdelisting.Answer:Thesignificanttimeelapsedsincepublication.48.Explaintheglobalreachofthedelistingorderinonesentence.Answer:TheECJmandatedworldwidedelistingunlessforeignstatutesexplicitlyprohibitsuchremoval.49.Provideoneargumentraisedbycritics.Answer:Criticsarguetherulingfacilitatescensorshipbyallowingindividualstoeraseinconvenientbutaccuratehistory.50.WhatroledidGoogle’sclassificationplayinthecourt’sreasoning?Answer:ByclassifyingGoogleasadatacontroller,thecourtimposeddirectobligationsunderEUdata-protectionlaw,requiringactiveassessmentofdelistingrequests.SectionVIITranslation(English→Chinese)51.Theproliferationofdeepfaketechnologyhasoutpacedregulatoryframeworks,raisingurgentquestionsaboutauthenticityindigitalmedia.Answer:深度伪造技术的扩散已超越监管框架，引发了关于数字媒体真实性的紧迫问题。52.Carbonborderadjustmentsaimtoprevent“leakage”byimposingtariffsonimportsfromjurisdictionswithlaxclimatepolicies.Answer:碳边境调节机制旨在通过对来自气候政策宽松地区的进口产品征收关税，以防止“碳泄漏”。53.Thearbitratorruledthattheforce-majeureclausedidnotcoverpandemic-relateddisruptionsbecausetheeventwasforeseeableafterSARS.Answer:仲裁员裁定，不可抗力条款不涵盖疫情相关中断，因为在“非典”之后该事件属于可预见范围。54.Quantumentanglement,oncedismissedas“spookyactionatadistance,”underpinsemergingquantum-communicationnetworks.Answer:量子纠缠曾被视为“幽灵般的超距作用”，如今却成为新兴量子通信网络的基础。55.Thecentralbank’sdovishpivotprecipitatedasell-offinthedomesticcurrencyasyielddifferentialsnarrowed.Answer:央行转向鸽派导致收益率差收窄，从而引发本币抛售。SectionVIIITranslation(Chinese→English)56.该平台采用零知识证明技术，确保交易细节只对相关方可见。Answer:Theplatformemployszero-knowledge-prooftechnologytoensurethattransactiondetailsarevisibleonlytothepartiesinvolved.57.立法者正在审议一项草案，拟对算法歧视实施严格罚款。Answer:Lawmakersarereviewingabillthatproposesstringentfinesforalgorithmicdiscrimination.58.这座抽水蓄能电站可在两分钟内从空载切换至满负荷发电。Answer:Thepumped-storagepowerstationcanswitchfromidletofull-loadgenerationwithintwominutes.59.研究表明，微塑料可通过食物链累积，最终影响人类内分泌系统。Answer:Researchindicatesthatmicroplasticscanaccumulatethroughthefoodchainandultimatelyaffectthehumanendocrinesystem.60.该国主权财富基金已将其投资组合中煤炭资产的敞口削减至零。Answer:Thecountry’ssovereignwealthfundhasreduceditsexposuretocoalassetsinitsinvestmentportfoliotozero.SectionIXErrorIdentification&CorrectionEachsentencecontainsexactlyoneerror.Writetheincorrectwordandthecorrection.61.Thedatasetwerereleasedunderanopenlicensetofosterreproducibility.Answer:were→was62.Neithertheresearchersnorthesupervisorwereavailableforcomment.Answer:were→was63.Thereportrecommendstoimplementatieredtaxationscheme.Answer:toimplement→implementing64.Themagnitudeoftheearthquakewasenoughseveretotriggeratsunamialert.Answer:enough→sufficiently65.Thecourtfoundthecompanyliableforit’sfailuretomitigateemissions.Answer:it’s→itsSectionXShortAnswer(Closed)66.Nametheprotocolthatsecuresemailthroughend-to-endencryptionusingpublic-keycryptography.Answer:PGP(PrettyGoodPrivacy)orOpenPGP67.StatetheSIunitofmagneticflux.Answer:Weber(Wb)68.Whattermdescribestheminimumstimulusintensityrequiredtotriggeranactionpotentialinaneuron?Answer:Threshold69.WhicharticleoftheTreatyonEuropeanUnionenshrinestheprincipleofsubsidiarity?Answer:Article570.Identifythelargestcomponentofaggregatedemandinmostadvancedeconomies.Answer:Householdconsumption(C)SectionXIShortAnswer(Open)71.Explainwhyincreasingsamplesizereducesthewidthofaconfidenceinterval.Answer:Largersamplesyieldmorepreciseestimatesofthepopulationparameter,decreasingthestandarderror(σ/√n).Sincethemarginoferroristheproductofthecriticalvalueandthestandarderror,asmallerstandarderrortightenstheinterval,assumingconfidencelevelandpopulationvarianceremainconstant.72.DiscussoneethicalconcernassociatedwithCRISPR-Cas9germlineediting.Answer:Germlinemodificationsareheritable,exposingfuturegenerationstounforeseenoff-targeteffectswithouttheirconsent.Thisirrevocablyaltersthehumangenepoolandraisesissuesofintergenerationaljustice,equity,andpotentialeugenics-likeapplications.73.Outlinehowacarbonpricefloorcancomplementanemissions-tradingscheme.Answer:Apricefloorsetsaminimumallowanceprice,preventingmarketcollapseduringdemandslumps.Itstabilizesinvestmentsignalsforlow-carbontechnologies,reducespricevolatility,andensurescontinuousabatementincentivesevenwhenallowancesupplyexceedsdemand.74.Describetheroleofthehypothalamusinmaintainingbodytemperature.Answer:Thermoreceptorssendinputtothehypothalamus,whichactsasthebody’sthermostat.Whencoretemperaturedeviatesfromthesetpoint,thehypothalamusinitiatesautonomicresponses:vasodilation,sweating,orvasoconstrictionandshivering,therebyrestoringhomeostasis.75.Whymightacentralbankadoptnegativeinterestrates?Answer:Negativeratespenalizeexcessreserves,incentivizingbankstoincreaselendingandfirmstoinvestratherthanhoardcash.Thepolicyaimstostimulateaggregatedemand,raiseinflationexpectations,anddepreciatethecurrencytoboostnetexportswhenconventionalmonetarypolicyisconstrainedbythezerolowerbound.SectionXIIAppliedWriting76.Youaretheenvironmentalcomplianceofficerofatextilefirm.Thelocalregulatorhasrequesteda200-wordsummaryofyour2025wastewaterremediationmeasures.Includedata:influentCOD1,200mg/L,effluentCOD89mg/L,removalefficiency92.6%.Mentionthetechnology(moving-bedbiofilmreactor,MBBR)andcertifycompliancewithGB4287-2012ClassIIstandards.Answer:In2025ourfacilityupgradeditswastewatertreatmentusingaMoving-BedBiofilmReactor(MBBR)followedbysandfiltrationandUVdisinfection.Averageinfluentchemicaloxygendemand(COD)was1,200mg/L;effluentCODaveraged89mg/L,yieldingaremovalefficiencyof92.6%.NH₃-Ndroppedfrom76mg/Lto6mg/L(92%),andtotalphosphorusfrom9.8mg/Lto0.7mg/L(93%).ContinuousmonitoringconfirmedthatalldischargeparameterssatisfyGB4287-2012ClassIIstandards(COD≤100mg/L,NH₃-N≤15mg/L,TP≤1.0mg/L).TheMBBRcarrierfillratiowasmaintainedat35%withanHRTof14h.Electricityconsumptiondeclined11%pertonoffabricprocessedcomparedwiththepreviousactivated-sludgeconfiguration.Nobypassorexceptionaldischargeeventsoccurred.Monthlythird-partyauditsverifiedcompliance;reportsweresubmittedtotheMunicipalEcology&EnvironmentBureauwithinfiveworkingdaysofsampling.Weherebycertifythattheabovedataareaccurateandrepresentativeof2025operations.SectionXIIIDataInterpretation77.ThetablebelowshowsselectedindicatorsforCountryX(2024).IndicatorVa