全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）真题及解析（2026年）

第第页全国职称英语等级考试（理工类B级）真题及解析（2026年）第一部分词汇选项（第1–15题，每题1分，共15分）答题要求：每个句子含有一处划线单词/短语，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出词义最接近的一项，均为单选题。1.Thisadvancedalloycanendureseverehightemperatureinsidegasturbineequipment.（）A.resistB.absorbC.releaseD.transmit答案：A解析：endure此处表示承受、抵御，与resist同义。2.Techniciansneedtodetecttinyabnormalsignalsfromtheindustrialsensorsystemtimely.（）A.ignoreB.findC.hideD.delay答案：B解析：detect意为察觉、检测发现，同义替换find。3.Thewholemechanicalstructuremustsustainlong-termrepeatedloadinpracticaloperation.（）A.avoidB.supportC.rejectD.replace答案：B解析：sustain表示支撑、承受负荷，与support含义一致。4.Engineersattempttotackleenergyconsumptionproblemsoftraditionalmotordevices.（）A.solveB.causeC.studyD.ignore答案：A解析：tackleproblems固定搭配，意为解决问题。5.Thenewcontrolsystemcanregulaterunningspeedautomaticallyaccordingtoworkingconditions.（）A.increaseB.adjustC.stopD.record答案：B解析：regulate表示调节、调控，同义adjust。6.Thiscompositematerialpossessesexcellentanti-corrosionperformanceinmarineenvironment.（）A.lacksB.losesC.hasD.wastes答案：C解析：possess意为拥有、具备，同义have。7.Weneedtoeliminateunnecessaryvibrationduringmechanicalassemblyprocess.（）A.createB.removeC.strengthenD.observe答案：B解析：eliminate表示消除、剔除，同义remove。8.Theexperimentdatarevealsobviousdifferencebetweentwogroupsoftestsamples.（）A.hidesB.showsC.doubtsD.doubts答案：B解析：reveal意为显示、揭示，同义show。9.Itisessentialtoinspectallpipelinejointsregularlyforpotentialleakagerisk.（）A.optionalB.difficultC.necessaryD.useless答案：C解析：essential表示至关重要、必要的，同义necessary。10.Solarpowergenerationcansubstitutefossilfuelsindistributedpowersupplyscenariosgradually.（）A.replaceB.followC.copyD.match答案：A解析：substitute意为替代、取代，同义replace。11.Thefactoryintendstoupgradeoldproductionlinetoimproveoverallproductionefficiency.（）A.refusesB.plansC.forgetsD.hesitates答案：B解析：intendtodo表示打算、计划做某事。12.Excessiveoperatingtemperaturewillshortenservicelifeofprecisionelectroniccomponents.（）A.extendB.reduceC.maintainD.estimate答案：B解析：shorten表示缩短，同义reduce。13.Researchersexplorefeasibleschemesforlow-costhydrogenstoragetechnology.（）A.impossibleB.practicalC.complexD.risky答案：B解析：feasible意为可行的，同义practical。14.Mechanicalfrictionconsumesmostenergyintraditionaltransmissionstructures.（）A.usesupB.savesupC.storesupD.makesup答案：A解析：consume表示消耗、耗费，同义useup。15.Intelligentalgorithmcanpreciselylocatefaultpositioninsidecomplexcircuitboard.（）A.roughlyB.approximatelyC.accuratelyD.generally答案：C解析：precisely意为精确地，同义accurately。第二部分阅读判断（第16–22题，每题1分，共7分）答题要求：阅读下文，完成7道判断小题；A=Right（表述符合原文），B=Wrong（表述与原文矛盾），C=NotMentioned（原文未提及该信息），均为单选题。原文：ApplicationofCarbonFiberinModernEngineeringCarbonfiberisalightweight,high-strengthadvancedstructuralmaterial,widelyappliedinaerospaceequipment,newenergyvehicles,bridgeconstruction,windturbinebladesandmechanicalmanufacturingindustries.Comparedwithsteelandaluminumalloy,carbonfiberhaslowerdensity,highertensilestrengthandstrongercorrosionresistance,butitsrawmaterialandprocessingcostremainrelativelyhighatpresent.Inaerospacefield,carbonfibercompositematerialsreplacetraditionalmetalpartstoreduceaircraftweight,cutfuelconsumptionandincreaseflightrange.Manymainstreamcivilaircraftmanufacturershaveincreasedcarbonfiberproportioninfuselageandwingcomponentsyearbyyear.Fornewenergyautomobileindustry,carbonfiberbodypartshelpimprovevehicleenduranceandcrashsafetyperformance.However,carbonfiberalsohasobviouslimitations.Itshowspoorimpactresistanceundersuddencollisionload;meanwhile,recyclingtechnologyforwastecarbonfiberisnotmatureenoughglobally,bringingcertainenvironmentalpressure.Relevantresearchinstitutionsaredevelopinglow-costprecursorproductiontechnologyandefficientrecyclingmethodstoexpandlarge-scalepopularizationofcarbonfibermaterialsincivilengineeringfieldsinthenextdecade.16.Carbonfiberisheavierthanordinarysteelwhilepossessinghigherstrength.（）A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned答案：B解析：原文说明碳纤维密度更低、质量更轻，题干表述相反。17.Carbonfiberhasbetteranti-corrosionabilitythanaluminumalloymaterials.（）A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned答案：A解析：原文对比提到碳纤维耐腐蚀性更强，表述相符。18.Themanufacturingcostofcarbonfiberisalreadylowerthancommonstructuralsteelnow.（）A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned答案：B解析：原文明确碳纤维原材料与加工成本偏高，题干错误。19.Civilaircraftusecarbonfibertodecreasetotalweightandsaveaviationfuel.（）A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned答案：A解析：原文对应航空领域减重、降低油耗的应用目的。20.Carbonfiberbodieswillcompletelyreplacemetalcarbodieswithinthreeyears.（）A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned答案：C解析：原文仅提及新能源车应用优势，未提及三年全面替代的内容。21.Carbonfibermaterialscanresiststrongsuddenimpacteffectively.（）A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned答案：B解析：原文指出碳纤维抗冲击性能较差，题干表述相悖。22.Scientistsareresearchingrecyclingtechnologytolowercarbonfiberapplicationcost.（）A.RightB.WrongC.NotMentioned答案：A解析：文末对应研发低成本制备与回收技术，扩大民用普及。第三部分概括大意与完成句子（第23–30题，每题1分，共8分）答题要求：阅读短文，完成两项单选任务；任务一（23–26）为段落匹配小标题（6选4）；任务二（27–30）为句子后半段匹配补充（6选4）。原文：DevelopmentTrendofIntelligentSensorsinIndustry4.0Paragraph1Traditionalmechanicalsensorsrelyonsinglephysicalsignalcollection,withslowresponsespeed,lowmeasurementprecisionandpooranti-interferenceability.Incomplexindustrialproductionenvironment,traditionalsensorseasilyproducedatadeviation,cannotmeetautomaticcontroldemandofintelligentproductionline,soupgradinganditerationofsensingdevicesbecomeinevitable.Paragraph2Modernintelligentsensorsintegratesensingunit,microprocessor,signalprocessingmoduleandwirelesstransmissionunitintoonecomponent.Theycanautomaticallycalibratemeasurementerror,filterinterferencesignal,analyzecollecteddataandtransmitreal-timeinformationtoindustrialcloudplatformremotely,realizingwhole-processdigitalmonitoringforproductionequipment.Paragraph3Intelligentsensorshavebeenwidelydeployedinmanyengineeringscenarios.Inautomatedworkshop,theymonitortemperature,pressure,vibrationofmachinetools;innewenergypowerstation,theytrackbatteryoperationstate;inintelligenttransportation,theycollectvehicleflowandroadconditiondatafortrafficschedulingsystem.Paragraph4Futuredevelopmentdirectionofintelligentsensorsfocusesonminiaturization,lowpowerconsumption,highintegrationandmulti-parametersynchronousdetection.Besides,flexiblewearablesensortechnologywillexpandapplicationboundaryinequipmentfaultearlywarning,industrialequipmenthealthmanagementfieldcontinuously.选项库（小标题备选）A.WideapplicationscenariosofintelligentsensorsB.DefectsoftraditionalindustrialsensorsC.InternalstructureandcorefunctionsofintelligentsensorsD.FuturedevelopmentorientationofintelligentsensorsE.HighproductioncostofsensorproductsF.Difficultiesinsensorsignaltransmission任务一：概括大意（23–26）23.Paragraph1（）A.WideapplicationscenariosofintelligentsensorsB.DefectsoftraditionalindustrialsensorsC.InternalstructureandcorefunctionsofintelligentsensorsD.FuturedevelopmentorientationofintelligentsensorsE.HighproductioncostofsensorproductsF.Difficultiesinsensorsignaltransmission答案：B解析：第一段重点阐述传统传感器各类缺点。24.Paragraph2（）A.WideapplicationscenariosofintelligentsensorsB.DefectsoftraditionalindustrialsensorsC.InternalstructureandcorefunctionsofintelligentsensorsD.FuturedevelopmentorientationofintelligentsensorsE.HighproductioncostofsensorproductsF.Difficultiesinsensorsignaltransmission答案：C解析：第二段介绍智能传感器集成结构与自动化功能。25.Paragraph3（）A.WideapplicationscenariosofintelligentsensorsB.DefectsoftraditionalindustrialsensorsC.InternalstructureandcorefunctionsofintelligentsensorsD.FuturedevelopmentorientationofintelligentsensorsE.HighproductioncostofsensorproductsF.Difficultiesinsensorsignaltransmission答案：A解析：第三段列举多行业落地应用场景。26.Paragraph4（）A.WideapplicationscenariosofintelligentsensorsB.DefectsoftraditionalindustrialsensorsC.InternalstructureandcorefunctionsofintelligentsensorsD.FuturedevelopmentorientationofintelligentsensorsE.HighproductioncostofsensorproductsF.Difficultiesinsensorsignaltransmission答案：D解析：第四段讲解未来技术发展趋势。选项库（完成句子备选）A.automaticallyprocessanduploadsensingdataB.cannotadapttointelligentproductionlinecontrolrequirementsC.onlybeusedinhigh-precisionaerospaceequipmentD.realizemulti-dimensionalmonitoringofindustrialoperatingstateE.completelyreplaceallelectronicmeasuringinstrumentsF.reducetotalmanufacturingcostofsensors任务二：完成句子（27–30）27.Traditionalsingle-functionsensorshaveobviousshortcomingssothatthey（）A.automaticallyprocessanduploadsensingdataB.cannotadapttointelligentproductionlinecontrolrequirementsC.onlybeusedinhigh-precisionaerospaceequipmentD.realizemulti-dimensionalmonitoringofindustrialoperatingstateE.completelyreplaceallelectronicmeasuringinstrumentsF.reducetotalmanufacturingcostofsensors答案：B解析：传统传感器缺陷无法适配智能产线自控需求。28.Integratedintelligentsensorhardwaremodulesenablethedeviceto（）A.automaticallyprocessanduploadsensingdataB.cannotadapttointelligentproductionlinecontrolrequirementsC.onlybeusedinhigh-precisionaerospaceequipmentD.realizemulti-dimensionalmonitoringofindustrialoperatingstateE.completelyreplaceallelectronicmeasuringinstrumentsF.reducetotalmanufacturingcostofsensors答案：A解析：智能传感器集成模块可自动处理、上传采集数据。29.Large-scalelayoutofintelligentsensorsinfactoriesandpowerstationshelpsto（）A.automaticallyprocessanduploadsensingdataB.cannotadapttointelligentproductionlinecontrolrequirementsC.onlybeusedinhigh-precisionaerospaceequipmentD.realizemulti-dimensionalmonitoringofindustrialoperatingstateE.completelyreplaceallelectronicmeasuringinstrumentsF.reducetotalmanufacturingcostofsensors答案：D解析：多场景布设实现设备运行状态多维监测。30.Miniaturizationandintegrateddesigntrendofsensorswillhelp（）A.automaticallyprocessanduploadsensingdataB.cannotadapttointelligentproductionlinecontrolrequirementsC.onlybeusedinhigh-precisionaerospaceequipmentD.realizemulti-dimensionalmonitoringofindustrialoperatingstateE.completelyreplaceallelectronicmeasuringinstrumentsF.reducetotalmanufacturingcostofsensors答案：F解析：小型化集成化设计有助于降低传感器制造成本。第四部分阅读理解（第31–45题，每题3分，共45分）答题要求：一共3篇理工类英文短文，每篇5道单选题，每题四选项分行排布，题干末尾带填空括号，每题仅有一个正确答案。PassageOne:PrincipleandApplicationofWindPowerGenerationWindpowerisoneofthemostmaturelarge-scalerenewableenergytechnologiesworldwide.Windturbinecapturesairflowkineticenergythroughfanblades,drivesgearboxandgeneratortoconvertmechanicalenergyintoelectricenergy,thencompletespowertransformationandgridconnectionthroughpowerconverterequipment.Horizontal-axiswindturbineoccupiesdominantmarketshareatpresent.Itsrotatingshaftisparallelwithground,bladedesignadoptsaerodynamicoptimizationstructure,highpowermodelcanreachsingleunitcapacityabove5megawatts.Vertical-axiswindturbinehassimplerinstallationstructure,norequirementforwinddirectionalignment,suitablefordistributedsmallpowergenerationinurbanarea,butitsenergyconversionefficiencyislowerthanhorizontal-axistype.Onshorewindfarmconstructioncostisrelativelylow,siteselectionismainlyinmountainousarea,grasslandandcoastalplainwithstableannualwindresource.Offshorewindfarmhasmorestablewindspeed,smallerturbulenceinterference,higherannualpowergenerationhours,butfoundationconstruction,marinetransportationandlatermaintenancecostincreasegreatly,restrictingrapidlarge-scalepromotioninearlystage.Inrecentyears,intelligentcontroltechnologyiswidelyappliedinwindturbineunit.Real-timewindspeedmeasurement,bladeangleautomaticadjustment,faultonlinediagnosissystemeffectivelyimprovegeneratingefficiencyandreduceunexpectedshutdownlosscausedbymechanicalfailure.Ascarbonneutralitystrategyadvancesglobally,windpowerwillmaintaincontinuousgrowthproportioninwholenewenergypowersupplysysteminnexttwodecades.31.Whatisthecoreenergyconversionprocessofwindturbine?（）A.Electricenergy→mechanicalenergy→windenergyB.Windkineticenergy→mechanicalenergy→electricenergyC.Thermalenergy→mechanicalenergy→electricenergyD.Windenergy→thermalenergy→electricenergy答案：B解析：原文明确风能→机械能→电能转换路径。32.Whichstatementabouthorizontal-axiswindturbineiscorrect?（）A.ItsrotatingshaftisperpendiculartogroundsurfaceB.Ithaslowermarketoccupancythanvertical-axistypeC.High-powersingleunitcanexceed5megawattscapacityD.Itneedsnoadjustmentfacingdifferentwinddirections答案：C解析：原文对应大功率机型单机容量可达5兆瓦以上。33.Whatisthemainadvantageofvertical-axiswindturbine?（）A.HigheroverallenergyconversionefficiencyB.NoneedtoadjustdirectionaccordingtowindC.WidelyusedinlargeoffshorewindfarmprojectsD.Lowermanufacturingdifficultyforsuperlargeunit答案：B解析：竖轴风机无需对准风向，为核心优势。34.Whydoesoffshorewindfarmbringhighertotalconstructioninvestment?（）A.WindresourcefluctuationismoreviolentoffshoreB.AnnualpowergenerationquantityismuchlowerC.FoundationbuildingandmaintenanceexpenseriseobviouslyD.Powergridconnectionpolicyrestrictsoffshoreprojects答案：C解析：海上风电基建、运维成本显著偏高。35.Whatbenefitcanintelligentcontrolsystembringtowindturbineequipment?（）A.EliminatewholeconstructioninvestmentofwindfarmB.ImprovepowergenerationefficiencyandcutfailurelossC.Makevertical-axisturbinecompletelyreplacehorizontaltypeD.Reducewindspeedrequirementforwindfarmsiteselection答案：B解析：智能控制系统提升发电效率，降低故障停机损失。PassageTwo:AdvantagesandLimitationsofLithiumIronPhosphateBatteryLithiumironphosphate(LFP)batteryisamainstreamlithium-ionpowerbattery,widelymatchedfornewenergypassengervehicles,energystoragepowerstation,low-speedelectricvehicleandcommunicationbackuppowersupply.Comparedwithternarylithiumbattery,LFPmaterialhasexcellentthermalstability,lowriskofthermalrunawaycombustion,longercycleservicelifeandlowerrawmaterialcostwithoutexpensivecobaltandnickelelements.ThebiggestperformanceweaknessofLFPbatteryliesinlowenergydensity.Undersameweightandvolumecondition,itsstoredelectricquantityislessthanternarylithiumbattery,leadingtoshorterdrivingrangeforpassengercarsequippedwithLFPbatteriesinpracticaluse.Lowtemperaturecharacteristicisanotherobviousdefect;batterycharginganddischargingcapacitydeclinesrapidlyundersub-zeroenvironment,limitingpopularizationinhigh-latitudecoldregionmarket.Batterysystemsafetymanagement(BMS)isessentialforLFPbatterypackapplication.BMSchipmonitorsreal-timevoltage,currentandtemperatureofsinglecell,preventsovercharge,over-dischargeandlocaloverheatingphenomenon,balancingvoltagedifferenceamongdifferentsinglebatteriestoextendoverallpackservicelife.Inlarge-scaleenergystoragestationscenario,LFPbatteryshowsoutstandingeconomicadvantage.Longcyclelifereducesfrequencyofbatteryreplacement,goodsafetypropertydecreasesfirepreventioninvestmentofenergystoragecabin.Industrypredictionshowsthatmarketshareoflithiumironphosphatebatterywillkeepsteadyrisingtrendinenergystorageandcommercialvehiclebatterymarketinthenextdecade.36.WhichfielddoesNOTbelongtomainapplicationrangeofLFPbattery?（）A.NewenergyautomobilepowersupplyB.LargescaleenergystoragepowerstationC.HightemperatureindustrialfurnaceheatingdeviceD.Communicationbasestationbackuppower答案：C解析：原文未提及工业高温加热设备应用场景。37.WhatistheprominentmeritofLFPbatteryagainstternarylithiumbattery?（）A.HighervolumetricenergydensityB.BetterthermalsafetyandlowermaterialcostC.Superiorlow-temperaturedischargeperformanceD.Largerstoredelectricityundersameweight答案：B解析：磷酸铁锂热稳定性好、无钴镍原材料成本更低。38.ThelowenergydensityfeatureofLFPbatterydirectlycauseswhichresult?（）A.HighervehicledrivingmileageB.LowerelectricitystoragecapacityinequalvolumeC.Higheranti-explosionsafetyperformanceD.Longercyclechargingservicelife答案：B解析：能量密度低意味着同体积储电量更少。39.WhatcorefunctiondoesBMSmanagementsystemundertakeforbatterypack?（）A.IncreaserawmaterialproductionoutputoflithiumironphosphateB.Controlsinglecellstatusandavoidabnormalcharge-dischargeriskC.Improvelow-temperatureperformancefundamentallyforLFPbatteryD.Reducetotalpurchasingpriceofbatteryrawmaterials答案：B解析：BMS监控单体电池，规避过充过放、过热风险。40.WhatfuturemarkettrendofLFPbatteryispredictedinthearticle?（）A.MarketproportionwillcontinuouslygrowinenergystoragefieldB.ItwillfullyreplaceternarybatteryinallelectricpassengercarsC.Low-temperaturedefectwillbesolvedcompletelywithinfiveyearsD.Productioncostwillexceedternarylithiumbatterygradually答案：A解析：文末预测储能、商用车领域市场份额稳步上涨。PassageThree:WorkingPrincipleofMechanicalGearTransmissionSystemGeartransmissionisthemostcommonpowertransmissionforminsidemechanicalequipment,usedtotransmitrotarymotionandtorquebetweentwoparallelorintersectingshafts,adjustrotatingspeedandtorqueoutputratioprecisely.Comparedwithbelttransmissionandchaintransmission,geartransmissionownshightransmissionefficiency,stableoperation,accuratetransmissionratio,strongloadbearingcapacityandlongservicelife,widelyusedinreducer,automobilegearbox,machinetoolspindle,windturbinegearboxandengineeringmachinery.Commongeartypesincludespurgear,helicalgear,bevelgearandwormgear.Spurgeartoothlineisparallelwithaxialdirection,manufacturingprocessissimple,lowproductioncost,suitableforlow-speedandmedium-loadtransmissionoccasion;helicalgearmeshingprocessissmoother,vibrationandnoisearesmaller,fitforhigh-speedheavy-loadworkingcondition,butaxialthrustforcewillbegeneratedduringoperation,needingcorrespondingbearingstructuretooffsetextraforce.Duringlong-termcontinuousoperation,gearfailuremodesmainlycontaintoothsurfacewear,pittingcorrosion,toothrootfatiguecrackandtoothbreakage.Regularlubricationmaintenancecaneffectivelyreducecontactfrictionbetweenmeshingtoothsurfaces,slowwearspeedandprolongwholetransmissionsystemservicelife.Insufficientlubricatingoil,excessiveoverloadimpactandpoorassemblyprecisionarethreemajorinducementsacceleratinggearprematurefailure.Gearreduceristypicalapplicationproductofgearsetcombination.Bymulti-stagegearmeshingdeceleration,high-speedinputmotorrotationisconvertedintolow-speed,high-torqueoutputpower,meetingdrivingrequirementofconveyor,liftingequipmentandrotatingmechanicalcomponentsinindustrialproduction.ModernprecisiongearmanufacturingadoptsCNCgrindingtechnologytoimprovemachiningaccuracyandsurfacefinish,furtherpromotingtransmissionstabilityofhigh-endmechanicalequipment.41.Whatisthemainfunctionofgeartransmissionsysteminmachinery?（）A.ConvertelectricalenergyintomechanicalkineticenergyB.TransmittorqueandadjustrotationalspeedratiobetweenshaftsC.ReducetotalweightofwholemechanicalequipmentD.Coolhigh-temperaturepartsinsideequipmentautomatically答案：B解析：齿轮传动传递扭矩、调节转速传动比。42.Whichadvantagebelongstogeartransmissionratherthanbeltorchaintransmission?（）A.LowermanufacturingcostandeasierinstallationB.AccuratetransmissionratioandhightransmissionefficiencyC.GoodbuffereffectundersuddenoverloadimpactD.Norequirementforregularlubricationmaintenance答案：B解析：齿轮传动传动比精准、传动效率高为核心优势。43.Whatdisadvantageexistswhenhelicalgearworksathighspeed?（）A.VeryloudoperationnoiseandseverevibrationB.ComplexprocessingtechnologywithextremelyhighcostC.ProduceaxialthrustneedingbearingcounterbalanceD.Easytoothbreakageundersmallloadcondition答案：C解析：斜齿轮运行产生轴向推力，需轴承抵消受力。44.WhichfactorwillNOTcauseearlydamageofgearstructure?（）A.SufficientandregularlubricationmaintenanceB.Long-termoverloadimpactoperationstateC.SeriousassemblyerrorduringinstallationprocessD.Lubricatingoilshortageinsidegearbox答案：A解析：充足润滑是防护手段，不会造成齿轮损坏。45.Howdoesgearreducerrealizelow-speedlargetorqueoutput?（）A.IncreasemotorinputvoltageandoperatingcurrentB.Adoptmulti-stagegearmeshingdecelerationstructureC.ChangematerialdensityofgearblankrawmaterialD.Expandoverallexternalvolumeofreducershell答案：B解析：多级齿轮啮合减速实现低速大扭矩输出。第五部分补全短文（第46–50题，每题2分，共10分）答题要求：短文设置5处空白，从A–F六个备选句子中选出5个最合适句子填入对应位置，一个选项多余，全部为单选题。原文：DevelopmentofNewThermalInsulationMaterialsforIndustrialEquipmentIndustrialhigh-temperatureequipmentsuchasboiler,heatingpipelineandmetallurgicalfurnacewillproducemassiveheatlosswithouteffectivethermalinsulationtreatment.（46）____Traditionalthermalinsulationmaterialsmainlyincludeasbestos,glasswoolandrockwool,withobviousdefectsinhightemperatureresistance,waterproofperformanceandenvironmentalprotectionproperty.（47）____Aerogelmaterialpossessesnanoporousinternalstructure,extremelylowthermalconductivity,lightweightcharacteristicandexcellenthightemperatureresistanceperformance.Onlythinthicknessofaerogelwrappinglayercanachievesuperiorheatpreservationeffectfarexceedingtraditionalthickinsulationcotton,greatlysavingexternalinstallationspaceofequipmentpipeline.Intermsofenvironmentalprotectionadvantage,asbestosmaterialwillproducecarcinogenicfiberdustafteragingfragmentation,manycountrieshaveissuedpolicytorestrictorbanasbestosapplicationgradually.（48）____Itcontainsnoharmfulvolatilesubstanceorrespirablefiber,meetinginternationalenvironmentalprotectionandoccupationalhealthstandardforindustrialthermalinsulationproject.Constructionconvenienceisanotherprominentcompetitivepointofaerogelinsulationproducts.Flexibleaerogelfeltcanbecutfreelyonsite,wrapcurvedpipelineandirregularequipmentsurfaceclosely,reduceconstructiondifficultyandshortenoverallconstructionperiodobviously.（49）____Incontrast,rockwoolandglasswoolarerigidbulkmaterial,hardtofitcomplexcurvedsurface,requiringcomplicatedauxiliaryfixingstructureduringconstruction.Withcontinuousdeclineofaerogelbulkproductioncostinrecentyears,thisnewinsulationmaterialhasbeenpopularizedinpetrochemical,thermalpower,steelmetallurgyindustriesstepbystep.（50）____Itwillreplacemosttraditionalinsulationmaterialsandbecomemainstreamthermalprotectionsolutionforhigh-temperatureindustrialfacilitiesinlong-termdevelopmenttrend.备选句子A.Aerogelcompositeinsulationmaterialemergesasadvancednewgenerationenergy-savingproductB.ExcessiveheatwasteleadstoincreasedenergyconsumptionandproductioncostforenterprisesC.Aerogelmaterialisnon-toxicandharmlesswithoutharmfulfiberdustreleaseD.ItcanalsoeffectivelyreducesurfacetemperaturetopreventscaldsafetyaccidentE.AerogelmanufacturingtechnologyhasbeencompletelymaturewithoutfurtherresearchspaceF.Relatedindustrialapplicationscalewillkeepexpandingcontinuouslyinnextdecade46.（）A.Aerogelcompositeinsulationmaterialemergesasadvancednewgenerationenergy-savingproductB.ExcessiveheatwasteleadstoincreasedenergyconsumptionandproductioncostforenterprisesC.Aerogelmaterialisnon-toxicandharmlesswithoutharmfulfiberdustreleaseD.ItcanalsoeffectivelyreducesurfacetemperaturetopreventscaldsafetyaccidentE.AerogelmanufacturingtechnologyhasbeencompletelymaturewithoutfurtherresearchspaceF.Relatedindustrialapplicationscalewillkeepexpandingcontinuouslyinnextdecade答案：B解析：承接前文热量损耗，阐述能耗与成本上升弊端。47.（）A.Aerogelcompositeinsulationmaterialemergesasadvancednewgenerationenergy-savingproductB.ExcessiveheatwasteleadstoincreasedenergyconsumptionandproductioncostforenterprisesC.Aerogelmaterialisnon-toxicandharmlesswithoutharmfulfiberdustreleaseD.ItcanalsoeffectivelyreducesurfacetemperaturetopreventscaldsafetyaccidentE.AerogelmanufacturingtechnologyhasbeencompletelymaturewithoutfurtherresearchspaceF.Relatedindustrialapplicationscalewillkeepexpandingcontinuouslyinnextdecade答案：A解析：引出气凝胶新型保温材料，开启下文性能介绍。48.（）A.Aerogelcompositeinsulationmaterialemergesasadvancednewgenerationenergy-savingproductB.ExcessiveheatwasteleadstoincreasedenergyconsumptionandproductioncostforenterprisesC.Aerogelmaterialisnon-toxicandharmlesswithoutharmfulfiberdustreleaseD.ItcanalsoeffectivelyreducesurfacetemperaturetopreventscaldsafetyaccidentE.AerogelmanufacturingtechnologyhasbeencompletelymaturewithoutfurtherresearchspaceF.Relatedindustrialapplicationscalewillkeepexpandingcontinuouslyinnextdecade答案：C解析：对比石棉危害，说明气凝胶环保无毒特性。49.（）A.Aerogelcompositeinsulationmaterialemergesasadvancednewgenerationenergy-savingproductB.ExcessiveheatwasteleadstoincreasedenergyconsumptionandproductioncostforenterprisesC.Aerogelmaterialisnon-toxicandharmlesswithoutharmfulfiberdustreleaseD.ItcanalsoeffectivelyreducesurfacetemperaturetopreventscaldsafetyaccidentE.AerogelmanufacturingtechnologyhasbeencompletelymaturewithoutfurtherresearchspaceF.Relatedindustrialapplicationscalewillkeepexpandingcontinuouslyinnextdecade答案：D解析：补充气凝胶附加安全防护作用，衔接施工优势。50.（）A.Aerogelcompositeinsulationmaterialemergesasadvancednewgenerationenergy-savingproductB.ExcessiveheatwasteleadstoincreasedenergyconsumptionandproductioncostforenterprisesC.Aerogelmaterialisnon-toxicandharmlesswithoutharmfulfiberdustreleaseD.ItcanalsoeffectivelyreducesurfacetemperaturetopreventscaldsafetyaccidentE.AerogelmanufacturingtechnologyhasbeencompletelymaturewithoutfurtherresearchspaceF.Relatedindustrialapplicationscalewillkeepexpandingcontinuouslyinnextdecade答案：F解析：预判未来市场规模扩张趋势，收尾全文。第六部分完形填空（第51–65题，每题1分，共15分）答题要求：短文内含15处空白，每道小题四个选项分行设置，单选最佳答案，贴合理工自动化专业题材。原文：BasicPrincipleofIndustrialProgrammableLogicController(PLC)ProgrammableLogicController,abbreviatedasPLC,isspecialindustrialcomputercontroldevicedesignedforautomaticproductioncontrol.Itreplacestraditionalrelaylogiccircuittorealizelogicjudgment,timingcontrol,countingfunctionandanalogsignalregulationinautomaticworkshop.BeforePLCoperationstarts,techniciansneedtowritecontrolprogramonuppercomputersoftware,thendownloadprogramintointernalstorageunitofPLCthroughcommunicationcable.PLCoperatesfollowingfixedcyclicscanningmodecontinuously.Firststepisinputsamplingstage:PLCreadsreal-timesignalstateofallexternalinputterminalsandstoresdataintointernalinputregister(51)____onescanningcycle.Sec