陕西省咸阳市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题 （解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1陕西省咸阳市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题第一部分：听力（略）第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ANOBELPRIZES2024TheNobelPrizeinPhysics2024JohnHopfield;GeoffreyHinton“forfoundationaldiscoveriesandinventionsthatenablemachinelearningwithartificialneuralnetworks”JohnHopfieldcreatedastructurethatcanstoreandreconstructinformationandGeoffreyHintoninventedamethodthatcanindependentlydiscoverpropertiesindata,whichhasbecomeimportantforthelargeartificialneuralnetworksnowinuse.TheNobelPrizeinChemistry2024DavidBaker“forcomputationalproteindesign”DemisHassabis;JohnJumper“forproteinstructureprediction”TheNobelPrizeinChemistry2024isaboutproteins.DavidBakerhassucceededwiththealmostimpossibleachievementofbuildingentirelynewkindsofproteins.DemisHassabisandJohnJumperhavedevelopedanAImodeltosolvea50-year-oldproblem:predictingproteins’complexstrictures.TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine2024VictorAmbros;GaryRuvkun“forthediscoveryofmicroRNAanditsroleinpost-transcriptionalgeneregulation”VictorAmbrosandGaryRuvkundiscoveredmicroRNA,anewclassoftinyRNAmoleculesthatplayacrucialroleingeneregulation.TheirgroundbreakingdiscoveryinthesmallwormC.elegansrevealedacompletelynewprincipleofgeneregulation.Thisturnedouttobeessentialformulticellularorganisms,includinghumans.TheNobelPrizeinLiterature2024HanKang“forherintensepoeticprosethatconfrontshistoricaltraumasdirectlyandexposesthefragility(脆弱)ofhumanlife”Inallherworks,HanKangfaceshistoricaltraumasandinvisiblesetsofrulesandeachofherworksexposesthefragilityofhumanlife.Shehasauniqueawarenessoftheconnectionsbetweenbodyandsoul,thelivingandthedead,andwithherpoeticandexperimentalstyle,HanKanghasbecomeacreatorincontemporaryprose.1.WhowontheNobelPrizeinPhysics2024forartificialneuralnetworks?A.JohnHopfieldandGeoffreyHinton. B.VictorAmbrosandGaryRuvkun.C.DemisHassabisandJohnJumper. D.JohnHopfieldandJohnJumper.2.WhatisthefocusofNobelPrizeinChemistry2024?A.Generegulation. B.Machinelearning.C.Proteindesignandprediction. D.MicroRNAdiscovery.3.Whatcanbeknownfromthetext?A.MicroRNAplaysacrucialroleinmachinelearning.B.DavidBakerhassucceededinbuildinganAImodeltopredictproteins.C.GeoffreyHintoncreatedastructurethatcanstoreandreconstructinformation.D.HanKang’sworksmainlyexplorehistoricaltraumasandtheweaknessofhumanlife.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了2024年诺贝尔物理学奖、化学奖、生理学或医学奖以及文学奖的获奖者及其获奖原因等相关信息。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据TheNobelPrizeinPhysics2024部分中“JohnHopfield;GeoffreyHinton”和“forfoundationaldiscoveriesandinventionsthatenablemachinelearningwithartificialneuralnetworks(因人工神经网络实现机器学习的基础性发现和发明)”可知，JohnHopfield和GeoffreyHinton因人工神经网络获得2024年诺贝尔物理学奖。故选A。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据TheNobelPrizeinChemistry2024部分中“forcomputationalproteindesign(因计算蛋白质设计)”和“forproteinstructureprediction(因蛋白质结构预测)”可知，2024年诺贝尔化学奖重点是蛋白质设计和预测，故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Inallherworks,HanKangfaceshistoricaltraumasandinvisiblesetsofrulesandeachofherworksexposesthefragilityofhumanlife.(在她的所有作品中，韩江都面对着历史的创伤和无形的规则，每一件作品都暴露了人类生命的脆弱性)”可知，韩江的作品主要探讨历史的创伤和人类生命的弱点，故选D。B“AllsevenpeoplehavebeenrescuedfromastrickencablecarhighabovearemotePakistanvalley,”aspokesmanforthestate-runemergencyservicessaid.Pakistaniauthoritiessaidarmycommandos(突击队),withthehelpofcivilians,madethefinalrescuesafteranoperationlastinghours.Floodlightswereinstalledandaground-basedoperationreachedtheremainingtwopeoplelateonTuesdaymorethan12hoursaftertheircablecarwasdamaged,leavingithangingunsteadilyatanangle.Ahelicopterhadearlierpluckedtwochildrentosafetybeforedarkness.Highwindsmeanttheairrescuehadtobecalledoff.Rescuersusedthecable,keepingthecablecarfromplunging(突然向下冲)intothevalleyasazipline,torescuethreemorechildren.Relativesofthosetrappedprayedwhilewatchingtheoperationandanxiouscrowdsgatheredonbothsidesofthevalley,whichisinamountainousareaofBattagram,about125milesnorthofIslamabad.Severalmilitaryhelicoptershadflownsortiesearlierinthedayandanairmanwasloweredbyasetofbandstodeliverfood,waterandmedicine.CommandoscouldbeseenonlocalTVtryingtolowerthemselvesonropesfromthehelicopterstothecablecar.Anexpertconfirmedthattherescuewasdelicatebecausethewindcreatedbythehelicopters’bladescouldfurtherweakencablesholdingthecarupinthesky.Thechildrentrappedwereteenageboysstudyingatthegovernmenthighschool.Theschoolislocatedinamountainousareaandtherearenosafecrossings,soit’scommontousethechairlift.PeoplewholiveinthenorthernmountainousregionsofPakistanoftenusechairliftsfortransportfromonevillagetoanother.In2017,10peoplewerekilledwhenachairliftcablebroke,sendingpassengersplungingintoavalleyinamountainhamletnearthecapital,Islamabad.4.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1and2?A.Theresultoftherescue. B.Theunderlyingaccidentintherescue.C.Thefollowingsettlementoftherescue. D.Thebackgroundinformationofthevalley.5.Howwastherescueconductedbyarmycommandosandcivilians?A.Bycablecar. B.Byfloodlights. C.Byhelicopter. D.Byazipline.6.Whydidtheairrescuehastobecalledoff?A.Becausetheairrescuestaffwereincompetent.B.Becausethecablewaslefthangingatadangerousangle.C.Becausetheweatherconditionwastoughwithheavyrain.D.Becausethewindcreatedbythehelicopters’bladesisstrong.7.Inwhichcolumnofthewebsitecanwereadthispassage?A.LifePhilosophy. B.SocialNews. C.BusinessInsight. D.BookReviews.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章描述了巴基斯坦一偏远山谷高空中的缆车发生故障后，救援人员经过数小时的努力，成功救出被困的七人。【4题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段““AllsevenpeoplehavebeenrescuedfromastrickencablecarhighabovearemotePakistanvalley,”aspokesmanforthestate-runemergencyservicessaid.(巴基斯坦国家紧急服务部门的一位发言人说：‘所有7人都已从巴基斯坦偏远山谷高处的一辆受损缆车上获救。’)”以及第二段“Pakistaniauthoritiessaidarmycommandos(突击队),withthehelpofcivilians,madethefinalrescuesafteranoperationlastinghours.Floodlightswereinstalledandaground-basedoperationreachedtheremainingtwopeoplelateonTuesdaymorethan12hoursaftertheircablecarwasdamaged,leavingithangingunsteadilyatanangle.(巴基斯坦当局说，军方突击队员在平民的帮助下，经过几个小时的行动，完成了最后的营救工作。在缆车损坏12个多小时后，救援人员安装了泛光灯，并于周二晚些时候对剩下的两个人进行了地面救援)”可知，第1段和第2段主要介绍了营救的结果。故选A。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Pakistaniauthoritiessaidarmycommandos(突击队),withthehelpofcivilians,madethefinalrescuesafteranoperationlastinghours.(巴基斯坦当局表示，在长达数小时的行动后，军方突击队员在平民的帮助下完成了最后的救援工作)”以及第三段“Ahelicopterhadearlierpluckedtwochildrentosafetybeforedarkness.(此前，一架直升机在天黑前已将两名儿童安全救出)”可知，救援是由军方突击队员和平民使用直升机进行的。故选C。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Ahelicopterhadearlierpluckedtwochildrentosafetybeforedarkness.Highwindsmeanttheairrescuehadtobecalledoff.(此前，一架直升机在天黑前已将两名儿童安全救出。但由于风势太大，空中救援不得不中止)”以及倒数第二段“Anexpertconfirmedthattherescuewasdelicatebecausethewindcreatedbythehelicopters’bladescouldfurtherweakencablesholdingthecarupinthesky.(一名专家证实，救援工作十分棘手，因为直升机螺旋桨产生的风可能会进一步削弱支撑缆车悬空的缆绳)”可知，救援因直升机螺旋桨产生的风可能会进一步削弱支撑缆车悬空的缆绳而取消，即空中救援不得不取消是因为直升机叶片产生的风很强。故选D。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段““AllsevenpeoplehavebeenrescuedfromastrickencablecarhighabovearemotePakistanvalley,”aspokesmanforthestate-runemergencyservicessaid.(巴基斯坦国家紧急服务部门的一位发言人说：‘所有7人都已从巴基斯坦偏远山谷高处的一辆受损缆车上获救。’)”以及文章描述了巴基斯坦一偏远山谷高空中的缆车发生故障后，救援人员经过数小时的努力，成功救出被困的七人，可知，文章属于社会新闻范畴，可以在网站的“社会新闻”专栏读到这篇文章。故选B。CEveryyear,travelersheadtoSouthAmericatobeamazedatthevastglaciers,hugeopenskiesandhighmountains.ButatOmoraEthnobotanicalParkonTierradelFuego,visitorsareencouragedtothinksmall.TierradelFuego,aremoteislandatthetipofSouthAmerica,mightofferlittleintermsofanimalsandtrees,butwhenitcomestobryophytes(苔藓植物),itisamongtherichestcornersoftheplanet.Intheareathatcoverslessthan0.01%oftheEarth’slandsurface,morethan5%oftheworld’sbryophytespeciesisfound.Onenteringthepark,you’regivenamagnifyinglens(放大镜).Guidedbyplantexperts,youareinvitedtogetdownonyourhandsandkneestoexplorethelittle-knownworldofTierradelFuego’s“miniatureforests”—thebryophytesthatcovertherocksandtrees.Focusiskey:asyoutiptoethroughthepark,itiseasytomissorevensteponthem.Iwonderedhowinterestingmossescouldbe.ButwhenIgotupclose,theystartedtocometolife.Shapesandcoloursappearedthatwerenotvisibletothenakedeye.Oneplantwasbrightyellow,whileanotherwasgreenwithabrightredtiplikealittlehat.OneofthestrangestplantsisOldMan’sBeard,whichlookslikethinnoodlesandhangsoffthetreesinwebs.AccordingtomyguideLilyLewis,itplaysanimportantroleinthegrowthoftheforest,capturingnutrients(营养)andsaltsblowninontheoceanwind.OldMan’sBeardisextremelyvulnerabletopollution,andhasallbutdisappearedacrossmuchoftheplanet.ButinTierradelFuego,wheretheairandrainareamongthecleanestontheplanet,itgrowswildly.“Thehandlensisyourentrypointintotheworldoftheminiatureforests,”Lewissaid.“Lookingthroughalensremindsyouthatthereareotherviewpointsfromwhichwecanseetheworld.”8.WhichtitlebestdescribesTierradelFuego?A.Atopdestinationforhikinglovers. B.Auniqueplaceforrarespecies.C.Awonderlandfortinyplants. D.Aremotelandwithmodernbuildings.9.WhatqualityishighlyvaluedwhileexploringOmoraEthnobotanicalPark?A.Curiosityandcreativity. B.Calmnessandattentiveness.C.Quicknessandconfidence. D.Determinationandcourage.10.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“vulnerable"?A.Sensitive. B.Adaptable. C.Beneficial. D.Resistant.11.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theeco-tourisminTierradelFuego. B.Thedisadvantagesofbryophytes.C.ThesmallestislandinSouthAmerica. D.Atinyforestonthetipoftheworld.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于南美洲最南端的火地岛上的一个民族植物学公园，这里拥有丰富的苔藓植物资源。文章详细描述了游客在公园内的体验，包括使用放大镜观察苔藓植物的细节，以及苔藓植物中一种奇特的种类——OldMan’sBeard的作用和生长环境。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“TierradelFuego,aremoteislandatthetipofSouthAmerica,mightofferlittleintermsofanimalsandtrees,butwhenitcomestobryophytes(苔藓植物),itisamongtherichestcornersoftheplanet.Intheareathatcoverslessthan0.01%oftheEarth’slandsurface,morethan5%oftheworld’sbryophytespeciesisfound.(火地岛，这个位于南美洲南端的偏远岛屿，在动物和树木方面可能没有什么特别之处，但说到苔藓植物，它却是地球上苔藓植物最丰富的地区之一。在这片面积不到地球陆地表面积0.01%的区域内，却发现了世界上超过5%的苔藓植物物种。)”可知，文章主要围绕火地岛展开，重点讲述了火地岛在苔藓植物（苔藓及其他小型植物）方面的丰富性。文中提到，在这片仅占地球陆地面积不到0.01%的区域内，却拥有世界上超过5%的苔藓植物物种。火地岛上的公园鼓励游客去探索这些小型植物构成的“微型森林”。故选C。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Focusiskey:asyoutiptoethroughthepark,itiseasytomissorevensteponthem.(集中注意力是关键：当你蹑手蹑脚地在公园里行走时，很容易错过甚至踩到它们。)”可知，在植物园探索时，专注是关键，因为一不小心就可能错过这些苔藓植物甚至踩到它们。这意味着需要保持专注，也就是attentiveness，同时在园内行走需要小心翼翼，要保持一种沉稳的状态，即calmness。故选B。【10题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“OldMan’sBeardisextremelyvulnerabletopollution,andhasallbutdisappearedacrossmuchoftheplanet.ButinTierradelFuego,wheretheairandrainareamongthecleanestontheplanet,itgrowswildly.(OldMan’sBeard对污染极为敏感，在地球上的大部分地区几乎已经消失不见。但在火地岛，这里的空气和雨水是地球上最洁净的，它却肆意生长。)”可知，OldMan’sBeard在地球大部分地区几乎消失，而在空气和雨水最洁净的火地岛却肆意生长，说明它对污染的反应很强烈，受污染影响很大，很容易因污染而难以生存。由此可知，划线单词和“敏感的”意思相似。选项A“sensitive”，意为“敏感的”，与此相符。故选A。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇指出在火地岛的奥莫拉民族植物公园鼓励游客关注微观世界，接着说明火地岛虽在动物和树木方面不突出，但苔藓植物丰富，是地球上苔藓植物物种丰富的地区之一。然后描述了进入公园后用放大镜探索由苔藓植物构成的“微型森林”，介绍了其中一些奇特的植物如OldMan’sBeard等，强调了这些苔藓植物的独特以及在火地岛的生长情况，整体围绕火地岛的“微型森林”展开。故选D。DWhileAIcanbeatusatchess,drivingcars,andevencomposingmusic,makinguslaughseemstobeitsfinalboundary.Mymusicalcomedy,ArtificiallyIntelligent,wasinspiredbythetimeIaskedAItowritemeashowbasedonmylife,anditgavemesomemadlyterribleresults.Iperformedsomeofitsmaterialsintheshow,andIevenmadeAIwriteasongforanaudiencememberliveonthespot,anditwasalwaysfunnyinitsterribleness.Itgeneratedsongstellingtheaudiencememberwhoisadoctortohittheeyesofherco-workerwhosheisalwaysarguingwith.However,thiswasn’tindependentthinking;wehadtofeedAIasmuchinformationaspossibletogetanyresultsfromit.WhenitcomestoactuallygettingAItocraftjokesonitsown,itcan’t.TheproblemwithAIandcomedyisitslackofhumannuance(细微差别)forhumor.AImightbeabletocreateajokestructure,butitdoesnothavetheabilitytopullfrompersonalexperience.Itlacksapointofview,situationalawareness,context,andculturalawarenessneededforgoodcomedy.Irony(讽刺),acomplexformofhumancommunication,ishardforAIbecauseofitsrelianceoncontext,tone,andculturalknowledge.Unlikehumans,AIcan’tinfermeaningbeyondclearstatements.Ironyinvolvessayingonethingbutmeaninganother,relyingonsharedcontext,butAIonlyprocessestextandcan’tpickupaudioandvisualcuesforirony.AImustsignalit’smakingajoke.Asofnow,thoughAIhasmadeimpressiveprogressinsomeareas,itisabsolutelynotfunny,butinthefuturetheoreticallyyes.Whentechnologyadvancestothepointwhererobotsarewalkingaroundwithfreewillandindependentthinking,experiencinglifeandpotentiallyevenemotions,theywouldtheoreticallybegintohaveenoughviewpointstocreatecomedy,oranactivitythatvoicestheirexperienceofbeinganAI.However,thiswouldcreateitsowncultureandwouldonlyberelatabletootherAIs.ThetruthisthataudienceisreallyenjoyingtheAI-generatedmaterialinmyshow,evenifthejokeisbad.But—technically—doesthatmakeitfunny?12.HowdoestheauthorillustrateAI’slimitationinmakingjokesinParagraph2?A.Byprovidingdata. B.Bygivinganexample.C.Byshowingasurveyresult. D.Bymakingacomparison.13.WhatdoestheauthortrytoexplaininParagraph3?A.WhatAIjokesaremadeupof. B.HowAIunderstandsthemeaningofirony.C.WhyAIfailstocreateagoodjokeactually. D.WhetherAIcanlearnfromfunnyexperiences.14.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAIinthefuture?A.Itwillrelateitsculturetohumans. B.Itwillteachitselfthetheoryofcomedy.C.Itwillbefreetoexpressothers’feelings. D.Itwilldevelopitsowncultureofhumor.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthispassage?A.WillAIeverbefunny? B.IsAIgoingtolearntolaugh?C.IsAIthefutureofentertainment? D.WillAIbethepioneerinnewfields?【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能（AI）在制作幽默内容方面所面临的挑战，尤其是其在理解讽刺、细微差别和文化背景等方面的局限性以及未来的可能性。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Mymusicalcomedy,ArtificiallyIntelligent,wasinspiredbythetimeIaskedAItowritemeashowbasedonmylife,anditgavemesomemadlyterribleresults.(我的音乐喜剧《人工智能》的灵感来自于我让人工智能根据我的生活为我写一个节目，它给了我一些非常糟糕的结果)”以及“WhenitcomestoactuallygettingAItocraftjokesonitsown,itcan’t.(当涉及到让AI自己制作笑话时，它无法做到)”可知，作者在第二段通过举例来说明人工智能在创作笑话方面的局限性。故选B。【13题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“TheproblemwithAIandcomedyisitslackofhumannuance(细微差别)forhumor.(AI和喜剧的问题在于其缺乏人类对幽默的细微差别)”以及“Ironyinvolvessayingonethingbutmeaninganother,relyingonsharedcontext,butAIonlyprocessestextandcan’tpickupaudioandvisualcuesforirony.AImustsignalit’smakingajoke.(讽刺意味着说的是一件事，意思是另一件事，依赖于共享的上下文，但人工智能只处理文本，无法获取讽刺的音频和视觉线索。人工智能必须发出开玩笑的信号)”可知，本段主要解释了为什么AI实际上无法创造出好的笑话。故选C。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whentechnologyadvancestothepointwhererobotsarewalkingaroundwithfreewillandindependentthinking,experiencinglifeandpotentiallyevenemotions,theywouldtheoreticallybegintohaveenoughviewpointstocreatecomedy,oranactivitythatvoicestheirexperienceofbeinganAI.However,thiswouldcreateitsowncultureandwouldonlyberelatabletootherAIs.(当技术进步到机器人可以自由行走、独立思考、体验生活甚至可能有情感的程度时，理论上它们就会开始有足够的观点来创作喜剧，或者通过一种活动来表达它们作为人工智能的体验。然而，这将创造自己的文化，并且只与其他AI相关)”可推知，作者认为未来的AI将会发展自身的幽默文化。故选D。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“WhileAIcanbeatusatchess,drivingcars,andevencomposingmusic,makinguslaughseemstobeitsfinalboundary.(虽然人工智能可以在国际象棋、驾驶汽车甚至作曲方面击败我们，但让我们发笑似乎是它的最终界限)”结合文章介绍了人工智能（AI）在制作幽默内容方面所面临的挑战，尤其是其在理解讽刺、细微差别和文化背景等方面的局限性以及未来的可能性。最佳标题应为“AI会变得幽默吗？”。故选A。第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Whilethekeytosuccessinbothpersonalandprofessionalrelationshipsliesinyourabilitytocommunicatewell,it’snotthewordsthatyouusebutyournonverbalcuesor“bodylanguage”thatspeaktheloudest.Bodylanguageistheuseofphysicalbehavior,expressions,andmannerismstocommunicatenonverbally,oftendoneinstinctivelyratherthanconsciously.___16___.Facialexpressions.Thehumanfaceisextremelyexpressive.___17___.Andfacialexpressionsareuniversal.Thefacialexpressionsforhappiness,sadness,anger,surprise,fear,anddisgustarethesameacrosscultures.Bodymovementandposture.Considerhowyourperceptions(看法)ofpeopleareaffectedbythewaytheysit,walk,stand,orholdtheirhead.___18___.Thistypeofnonverbalcommunicationincludesyourpostureandyourunnoticeablemovements.Gestures.Youmaywave,point,oruseyourhandswhenarguingorspeakingenergetically,oftenexpressingyourselfwithgestureswithoutthinking.However,themeaningofsomegesturescanbeverydifferentacrosscultures.___19___,forexample,usuallyconveysapositivemessageinEnglish-speakingcountries,it’sconsideredoffensiveincountriessuchasGermany,Russia,andBrazil.So,it’simportanttobecarefulofusinggesturessoastoavoidmisinterpretation.Space.Haveyoueverfeltuneasyduringatalkbecausetheotherpersonwasstandingtooclose?___20___,althoughthatneeddiffersdependingontheculture,thesituation,andtheclosenessoftherelationship.Youcanuseittocommunicatemanydifferentnonverbalmessages,includingsignalsofclosenessandaffectionoraggression.A.ThewayyoumoveandcarryyourselfcommunicatesawealthofinformationB.TherearemanydifferenttypesofnonverbalcommunicationorbodylanguageC.Whilethe“OK”signmadewiththehandD.ItisabletoconveycountlessemotionswithoutsayingawordE.DoyoustillrememberthemostembarrassedmomentyouhaveeverexperiencedF.EveryoneshouldpaymoreattentiontophysicalbehaviorinaformaloccasionG.Weallhaveaneedforphysicalspace【答案】16.B17.D18.A19.C20.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在人际交往中，肢体语言的重要性及其各种表现形式，包括面部表情、身体动作和姿势、手势以及空间距离等。【16题详析】根据上文内容“Bodylanguageistheuseofphysicalbehavior,expressions,andmannerismstocommunicatenonverbally,oftendoneinstinctivelyratherthanconsciously.(肢体语言是指通过身体行为、表情和举止来进行非语言交流，通常是本能而非有意识地做出的。)”可知，上文提出肢体语言这一概念。选项B“Therearemanydifferenttypesofnonverbalcommunicationorbodylanguage(有许多不同类型的非语言交流或肢体语言。)”承上启下，自然引出下文各种类型的肢体语言。故选B。【17题详析】根据上文内容“Thehumanfaceisextremelyexpressive.(人类的面部极具表现力。)”可知，上文指出人脸极具表现力。选项D“Itisabletoconveycountlessemotionswithoutsayingaword(它能够不说话就传达无数的情感。)”进一步解释了人脸是如何通过表情来表达情感的，与前文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选D。【18题详析】根据上文“Bodymovementandposture.Considerhowyourperceptions(看法)ofpeopleareaffectedbythewaytheysit,walk,stand,orholdtheirhead.(身体动作和姿势。想想看，人们坐下、走路、站立或抬头的方式是如何影响你对他们的看法的。)”可知，本段主题是身体动作和姿势。选项A“Thewayyoumoveandcarryyourselfcommunicatesawealthofinformation(你移动和保持自身姿势的方式传达了大量信息)”与本段主题相符，即身体的动作和姿势所传达的信息。故选A。【19题详析】根据下文“forexample,usuallyconveysapositivemessageinEnglish-speakingcountries,it’sconsideredoffensiveincountriessuchasGermany,Russia,andBrazil.So,it’simportanttobecarefulofusinggesturessoastoavoidmisinterpretation.(例如，在英语国家通常传达积极的信息，但在德国、俄罗斯和巴西等国家，它却被认为是冒犯性的。所以，谨慎使用手势以避免产生误解是很重要的。)”可知，下文举例说明某个手势在不同文化中的不同含义。选项C“Whilethe“OK”signmadewiththehand(用手做出的“OK”手势)”与后文内容相呼应，是对后文例子的引出。故选C。【20题详析】根据本段首句“Space.”可知，本段主题为空间。根据空后“althoughthatneeddiffersdependingontheculture,thesituation,andtheclosenessoftherelationship.(尽管这种需求会因文化、情境以及关系的亲密程度而有所不同。)”可推测，空处为主句，且和下文存在转折关系。选项G“Weallhaveaneedforphysicalspace(我们都对个人空间有需求)”中的“aneedforphysicalspace”和下文“need”保持一致，上下文逻辑连贯。故选G。第三部分：语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。JongMayUrbonyaisanAmericanladyfullofsurprises:sheisfluentinMandarin,fondofhanfuandChinesedance.ShewasborninChinaand___21___thereuntiltheageofsix.ItwasinthoseyearsthattheseedsofloveforChineseculturewere___22___inJongMayUrbonya’sheart.EvenwhilemovingbacktotheU.S.,Urbonya’sparentsusedChineseTVdramasto___23___herChineselanguageabilities.TheseedsofpassionbroughtherbacktoChinain2011,___24___ChinesedanceinBeijingNormalUniversity.“WhenIwasakid,Ihada___25___ofbeing“princess”.Ioftencoveredmyshoulderwithablanket,pretendingIwasanancientChineseprincess,”shesaid.Achanceto___26___thatdreamoccurredin2020,whenaTVshowhadUrbonyavisitahanfu,festival.“Hanfuhas___27___appealandiswinningrecognitionintheworld.AfterI___28___experiencedhanfuculture,Irealizedthatitwasanew-foundwayto___29___Chinesehistorytothepresent,”shesaid.Sherecalledthat10yearsagowhenshewasincollege,_____30_____hanfuwasnotacommonsight.Atthattime,shecouldonly_____31_____custom-madehanfuinafewstores.“IfIhadwornhanfuwalkingdownthestreet,peoplewould_____32_____askcuriouslyintheirhearts,‘Whyisthis_____33_____wearinganancientChineseoutfitonthestreet?’”Now,shehasincludedhanfuinhereverydayoutfitandisabletopurchasedifferent_____34_____ofhanfuonline.“I’mreallyhappytobeahanfucultureenthusiast,andIhopetomakeitmore_____35_____tothoseoutsideofChina,”shesaid.21.A.secured B.flew C.lived D.adopted22.A.banned B.controlled C.planted D.swung23.A.keepup B.giveup C.lookup D.stayup24.A.tackling B.studying C.comprising D.appealing25.A.tone B.component C.crisis D.dream26.A.achieve B.appreciate C.imagine D.establish27.A.wide B.tiny C.internal D.identical28.A.heavily B.easily C.fully D.hardly29.A.cease B.bring C.wander D.vary30.A.grabbing B.handling C.linking D.wearing31.A.cast B.buy C.consist D.involve32.A.luckily B.difficultly C.recently D.probably33.A.professor B.foreigner C.educator D.journalist34.A.aspects B.models C.visions D.styles35.A.reliable B.comfortable C.accessible D.reasonable【答案】21.C22.C23.A24.B25.D26.A27.A28.C29.B30.D31.B32.D33.B34.D35.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了JongMayUrbonya与中国文化的不解之缘，她从小在中国生活，对中国文化产生了深厚的兴趣，长大后回到中国学习中国舞蹈，并热爱上了汉服文化，希望将汉服文化传播给更多的人。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她出生在中国，并且在中国一直生活到六岁。A.secured保障、确保；B.flew飞；C.lived居住；D.adopted采用、收养。根据上文“ShewasborninChina”以及下文“thereuntiltheageofsix”可推测，她是在中国生活到六岁。故选C。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：正是在那几年里，对中国文化热爱的种子在JongMayUrbonya的心中种下。A.banned禁止；B.controlled控制；C.planted种植；D.swung摆动。根据上文“ItwasinthoseyearsthattheseedsofloveforChineseculture”以及下文“TheseedsofpassionbroughtherbacktoChinain2011”可知，空处指的是对中国文化热爱的种子被种下。故选C。【23题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：即便搬回了美国，Urbonya的父母仍通过播放中国电视剧来保持她的中文能力。A.keepup保持；B.giveup放弃；C.lookup查找、抬头看；D.stayup熬夜。根据上文可知，她在中国生活到了六岁，然后回到了美国。由此可推测，Urbonya的父母播放中国电视剧是为了保持她的中文能力。故选A。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这份热爱的种子在2011年让她再次回到了中国，她在北京师范大学学习中国舞蹈。A.tackling处理、解决；B.studying学习；C.comprising包含；D.appealing吸引、恳求。根据空后的“ChinesedanceinBeijingNormalUniversity.”可知，她是在北京师范大学学习中国舞蹈。故选B。【25题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“当我还是个孩子的时候，我有一个成为‘公主’的梦想。我经常用一条毯子披在肩上，假装自己是一位中国古代的公主。”她说。A.tone语气、音调；B.component组件、部分；C.crisis危机；D.dream梦想。根据下文“Achanceto______thatdreamoccurredin2020,whenaTVshowhadUrbonyavisitahanfu,festival.”中的“thatdream”可知，她小时候有成为公主的梦想。故选D。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年，一个实现这个梦想的机会来了，当时一个电视节目邀请Urbonya去参加一场汉服节。A.achieve实现；B.appreciate欣赏、感激；C.imagine想象；D.establish建立。根据上文“WhenIwasakid,Ihada______ofbeing“princess”.”可知，她有成为公主的梦想。再根据下文“Achance…occurredin2020”可推测，这场汉服节给了她实现梦想的机会。故选A。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“汉服具有广泛的吸引力，并且正在世界上获得认可。在我充分体验了汉服文化之后，我意识到这是一种将中国历史带到当下的新方式。”她说。A.wide宽的、广泛的；B.tiny极小的；C.internal内部的；D.identical相同的。根据下文“iswinningrecognitionintheworld”可知，汉服具有广泛的吸引力。故选A。【28题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“汉服具有广泛的吸引力，并且正在世界上获得认可。在我充分体验了汉服文化之后，我意识到这是一种将中国历史带到当下的新方式。”她说。A.heavily沉重地；B.easily轻易地；C.fully完全地；D.hardly几乎不。根据下文“Irealizedthatitwasanew-foundwayto______Chinesehistorytothepresent”可知，在充分体验了汉服文化后，她意识到汉服是一种将中国历史带到当下的新方式。故选C。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“汉服具有广泛的吸引力，并且正在世界上获得认可。在我充分体验了汉服文化之后，我意识到这是一种将中国历史带到当下的新方式。”她说。A.cease停止；B.bring带来；C.wander徘徊；D.vary变化。根据空后的“Chinesehistorytothepresent”可知，她认为汉服是一种将中国历史带到当下的方式。故选B。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她回忆起10年前自己上大学的时候，穿汉服并不是常见的景象。A.grabbing抓取；B.handling解决、处理；C.linking连接；D.wearing穿。根据下文“Atthattime,shecouldonly______custom-madehanfuinafewstores.”可知，那时候穿汉服并不常见。故选D。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时，她只能在少数几家店里买到定制的汉服。A.cast投掷；B.buy买；C.consist组成；D.involve包含、涉及。根据空后的“custom-madehanfuinafewstores”可知，她只能在少数几家店里买到定制的汉服。故选B。【32题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“如果我穿着汉服走在街上，人们可能会在心里好奇地问，‘为什么这个外国人要在街上穿中国古代的服装呢？’”A.luckily幸运地；B.difficultly困难地；C.recently最近；D.probably可能。根据本句“IfIhadwornhanfuwalkingdownthestreet,peoplewould______askcuriouslyintheirhearts,‘Whyisthis______wearinganancientChineseoutfitonthestreet?’”可推测，这里是一种推测，人们可能会在心里好奇地问。故选D。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“如果我穿着汉服走在街上，人们可能会在心里好奇地问，‘为什么这个外国人要在街上穿中国古代的服装呢？’”A.professor教授；B.foreigner外国人；C.educator教育工作者；D.journalist记者。根据上文“JongMayUrbonyaisanAmericanladyfullofsurprises”可知，她是个美国人，由此可知，在中国人眼中她是个穿着汉服的外国人。故选B。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，她已经把汉服融入到了自己的日常着装中，并且能够在网上购买到不同款式的汉服。A.aspects方面；B.models模型；C.visions视野；D.styles风格。根据上文“shehasincludedhanfuinhereverydayoutfit”可知，她日常生活中就穿着汉服；再根据空前的“different”以及空后的“hanfuonline.”以及常理可知，她可以从网上购买到不同款式的汉服。故选D。【35题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我很高兴成为一名汉服文化爱好者，我希望能让更多的外国人了解汉服文化。”她说。A.reliable可靠的；B.comfortable舒适的；C.accessible可进入的、可接近的；D.reasonable合理的。根据上文“I’mreallyhappytobeahanfucultureenthusiast”以及空后“tothoseoutsideofChina”可推测，作为一名汉服文化爱好者，她希望让更多外国人能接触到汉服文化。故选C。第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Recently,over130studentsandteachersfrom19universitiesembarkedonatwo-daytriptoZhenjiang,acityinJiangsu.Duringthetwo-dayevent,theyimmersedthemselvesinChina’sagriculturalhistoryandlearnedabout____36____(it)moder