2025年托福《口语》真题回忆版

2025年托福《口语》真题回忆版第一套：2025年1月托福口语真题回忆Task1：独立口语Somepeoplebelievethatuniversitystudentsshouldberequiredtoattendclasses.Othersbelievethatgoingtoclassesshouldbeoptionalforstudents.Whichpointofviewdoyouagreewith?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.【参考范文】Ifirmlybelievethatuniversitystudentsshouldberequiredtoattendclasses.Myprimaryreasonisthatclassroominteractionoffersirreplaceablelearningopportunities.Unlikereadingtextbooksorwatchingonlinevideos,attendingclassesallowsstudentstoengageinreal-timediscussionswithprofessorsandpeers.Forinstance,inmypsychologyseminar,theprofessoroftenposescomplexethicalquestionsthatsparkheateddebates.TheseinteractionsnotonlydeepenmyunderstandingofthematerialbutalsoexposemetodiverseperspectivesthatIwouldneverencounterstudyingalone.Furthermore,mandatoryattendanceensuresthatstudentsstayontrackwithacademicallyrigorousschedules.Universitycoursesarefast-paced,andmissingevenafewsessionscanleadtosignificantgapsinknowledge,makingitdifficulttocatchuponassignmentsandexampreparations.Therefore,compulsoryattendanceisessentialformaintainingacademicdisciplineandmaximizingtheeducationalexperience.【词汇与解析】1.Irreplaceable:不可替代的。口语中用来强调某事物的独特价值。2.Real-timediscussions:实时讨论。强调课堂互动的即时性。3.Sparkheateddebates:引发激烈的辩论。生动地描述课堂氛围。4.Diverseperspectives:多样的视角。展示批判性思维。5.Academicallyrigorous:学术严谨的。高阶词汇，提升回答的学术感。解析：本题考察的是经典的“二选一”题型。回答采用了明确的立场（支持强制出勤），并给出了两个论点：一是互动的不可替代性，二是保持学业进度的必要性。通过具体的心理学研讨会例子，增强了说服力。Task2：校园对话【阅读材料】UniversityAnnouncement:ClosureoftheArtStudioTheuniversityadministrationhasannouncedthattheoldartstudiolocatedinthebasementofthestudentcenterwillbepermanentlyclosedstartingnextsemester.Thedecisionwasmadeduetorisingmaintenancecostsandtheneedtousethespaceforanewcomputerlab.Studentswhoneedtouseartfacilitiesaredirectedtothenewstudiobuildinglocatedonthenorthsideofthecampus,whichislargerandequippedwithmoderntools.【听力材料】Man:Hey,didyouseetheemailabouttheartstudioclosing?Woman:Yeah,Isawit.I’mreallyupsetaboutit.Man:Why?Theysaidthenewoneisbetterandhasmoderntools.Woman:That’strue,butthelocationisterrible.Theoldstudioisrightinthestudentcenter,soIcanjustpopinbetweenclassestoworkonmyprojectsfor30minutesoranhour.Thenewoneisallthewayonthenorthside.Ittakesme20minutesjusttowalkthereoneway.Idon’thavethatkindoftimebetweenclasses.Man:Iguessthat’sahassle.Buttheymentionedsavingmoneyonmaintenance.Woman:Idon’tthinkthat’sagoodreasoneither.Thestudentcenteriswhereeveryonehangsout.Havingarttherecreatesaniceatmosphere.Peoplewalkingbycanseestudentspaintinganddrawing.Itmakesthecampusfeelmorecreative.Movingitawayjusttosavesomecashkillsthatvibe.【题目】Thewomanexpressesheropinionabouttheuniversity’splantoclosetheartstudio.Stateheropinionandexplainthereasonsshegivesforholdingthatopinion.【参考范文】Thewomanopposestheuniversity'splantoclosetheoldartstudiointhestudentcenterandmoveittothenorthsideofcampus.Firstly,shearguesthatthenewlocationisveryinconvenient.Currently,thestudioisinthestudentcenter,allowinghertoutilizeshortbreaksbetweenclassestoworkonherartprojects.However,thenewstudioistoofaraway;ittakes20minutestowalkthereoneway,whichmakesitimpossibleforhertovisitbrieflybetweenclasses.Secondly,shebelievesthatclosingthecurrentstudiodestroysthecreativeatmosphereofthestudentcenter.Theartstudiointhecentrallocationallowspassersbytoobservestudentscreatingart,whichcontributestoavibrantandcreativecampusenvironment.Movingitawaysolelytosavemoneyonmaintenanceremovesthisculturalelementfromthemainstudenthub.【词汇与解析】1.Popin:（口语）顺便拜访，短暂进入。2.Hassle:麻烦，困难。地道表达，用于形容不便。3.Atmosphere/Vibe:氛围。Vibe更口语化。4.Passersby:路过的人。5.Vibrant:充满活力的。解析：本题要求复述听力中女性反对学校计划的观点。关键在于抓住她反对的两个核心理由：地理位置的不便（浪费时间）以及对校园文化氛围的破坏。回答时需清晰对比新旧位置的差异。Task3：学术讲座【阅读材料】PsychologyConcept:EmotionalIntelligenceEmotionalIntelligence(EI)referstotheabilitytoidentify,understand,andmanageone'sownemotions,aswellastheemotionsofothers.PeoplewithhighEIareawareofhowtheiremotionsaffecttheirthinkingandbehavior.Theycanalsousethisawarenesstoempathizewithothers,navigatesocialcomplexities,andmakepersonaldecisionsthatachievepositiveoutcomes.AkeycomponentofEIisself-regulation,whichallowsindividualstocontrolimpulsivefeelingsandbehaviors.【听力材料】Professor:So,let'slookathowemotionalintelligenceworksinaprofessionalsetting.ConsideramanagernamedSarah.Sarahisinchargeofateamthatjustfinishedamajorproject.Theclientwasverydifficultandchangedtherequirementsatthelastminute,causingtheteamtoworkovertime.Theteamistiredandfrustrated.Now,amanagerwithlowemotionalintelligencemightreacttotheteam'sfrustrationbygettingangryorignoringtheirfeelings,perhapsyellingatthemfornotworkingfaster.Thiswouldonlymakethesituationworseandlowermorale.However,Sarahhashighemotionalintelligence.Sherecognizesthatherowninitialfeelingisannoyance,butsheregulatesthatemotionanddoesn'tsnapatherteam.Instead,shecallsameetingandacknowledgestheirhardworkandfrustration.Shevalidatestheirfeelingsbysaying,"Iknowthiswasatoughprojectandtheclientwasunreasonable."Bydoingthis,sheconnectswiththeteam.Asaresult,theteamfeelsunderstoodandvalued,whichhelpsthemrecoverquicklyandstaymotivatedforfuturetasks.Sarah'sabilitytomanageherownemotionsandempathizewithherteamisaperfectexampleofhighemotionalintelligenceinaction.【题目】UsingtheexampleofSarahandherteam,explaintheconceptofEmotionalIntelligence.【参考范文】EmotionalIntelligenceistheabilitytoidentify,understand,andmanageone'sownemotionsandtheemotionsofothers.Itinvolvesself-regulationandempathytonavigatesocialsituationseffectively.TheprofessorillustratesthiswithanexampleofamanagernamedSarah.Afteradifficultprojectwithademandingclient,Sarah'steamistiredandfrustrated.Insteadofreactingwithangerorignoringtheirfeelings—whichamanagerwithlowEImightdo—SarahdemonstrateshighEI.First,shemanagesherownannoyanceanddoesn'tsnapatherteam.Then,sheempathizeswiththembyacknowledgingtheirhardworkandvalidatingtheirfrustration.Byunderstandingandaddressingtheteam'semotions,shemaintainstheirmoraleandmotivation.ThisshowshowSarahusedemotionalintelligencetoturnapotentiallynegativesituationintoapositiveoutcome.【词汇与解析】1.Self-regulation:自我调节。2.Empathize:共情，产生共鸣。3.Navigatesocialcomplexities:应对复杂的社会局面。4.Validate:确认，证实（情感）。在此语境下指“认可对方的感受是合理的”。5.Morale:士气，斗志。解析：学术题要求结合阅读定义和听力例子。定义部分要简练，重点在于如何用Sarah的例子来对应定义中的“manageownemotions”（控制自己的不悦）和“empathizewithothers”（认可并安抚团队）。Task4：学术讲座（生物学）【听力材料】Professor:Today,let'sdiscusstwospecificadaptationsthatamphibians,likefrogsandsalamanders,havedevelopedtosurviveindryordesertenvironments.Youmightthinkamphibiansneedwaterconstantly,butsomehavecleverwaystoretainit.Thefirstadaptationisrelatedtotheirskin.Manyamphibianshavepermeableskinthatallowsmoisturetopassthrougheasily.However,desertamphibianshaveevolvedtohavethicker,morewaxyskin.Thiscreatesabarrierthatsignificantlyreduceswaterlossthroughevaporation.Forexample,thewaxymonkeytreefrogsecretesawax-likesubstancefromitsskinglandsandspreadsitoveritsbody.Thiswaxlayeractsalmostlikeawaterproofcoat,lockingmoistureinsidesothefrogcansurviveinthehotsunwithoutdryingout.Thesecondadaptationinvolvestheirbehavior,specificallyastatecalledestivation.Estivationissimilartohibernation,butitoccursduringhotordryperiodsinsteadofwinter.Whentheweatherbecomestoohotandwaterisscarce,theamphibianwillburrowdeepintothegroundwherethesoiliscoolerandretainssomemoisture.Theyenteradormantstatewheretheirmetabolicratedropsdrastically,andtheydon'tmoveoreat.Thisallowsthemtosurvivelongperiodsofdrought.Oncetherainsreturnandtheenvironmentbecomeswetagain,theyemergefromtheground,rehydrate,andresumenormalactivities.【题目】Usingpointsandexamplesfromthelecture,explaintwoadaptationsamphibiansusetosurviveindryenvironments.【参考范文】Theprofessordiscussestwoadaptationsamphibiansusetosurviveindryenvironments.Thefirstadaptationisphysical,relatedtotheirskin.Desertamphibiansdevelopthicker,waxyskintopreventwaterloss.Theprofessorgivestheexampleofthewaxymonkeytreefrog,whichsecretesawax-likesubstancetocoatitsbody.Thislayeractsasawaterproofbarrierthatlocksinmoisture,allowingthefrogtosurviveintheheatwithoutdehydrating.Thesecondadaptationisbehavioral,knownasestivation.Whenconditionsaretoohotanddry,amphibiansburrowintothegroundandenteradormantstate.Theirmetabolicratedrops,andtheyremaininactivetoconserveenergyandwater.Forinstance,theystayundergroundduringdroughtsandonlyemergewhentherainreturnstorehydrateandresumenormalactivities.【词汇与解析】1.Permeable:可渗透的。2.Evaporation:蒸发。3.Secretes:分泌。4.Estivation:夏眠。5.Dormantstate:休眠状态。6.Metabolicrate:新陈代谢率。解析：生物学讲座题，结构清晰。注意两个adaptations的分类：一个是生理上的（皮肤变化），一个是行为上的（夏眠）。回答时要清晰地用"First"和"Second"结构，并准确引用例子。第二套：2025年3月托福口语真题回忆Task1：独立口语Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Itisimportantforyoungpeopletolearnskillslikecooking,sewing,orrepairingthings.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.【参考范文】Istronglyagreethatitiscrucialforyoungpeopletolearnpracticallifeskillslikecooking,sewing,orrepairingthings.Firstly,theseskillsfosterindependenceandself-sufficiency.Whenyoungpeoplemoveoutforcollegeorwork,theyoftenfacethechallengeoftakingcareofthemselvesforthefirsttime.Knowinghowtocookahealthymealorsewabuttonbackontoashirtmeanstheydon'thavetorelyonothersorspendmoneyonexpensiveserviceseverytimeaminorissuearises.Forexample,beingabletocooksimpledishespreventsonefromrelyingsolelyonunhealthytakeoutfood.Secondly,learningtheseskillscanbefinanciallybeneficialinthelongrun.Thecostofhiringprofessionalsforsimplerepairsorbuyingnewclothestoreplaceslightlydamagedonescanaddupquickly.Bylearningtofixaleakyfaucetormendatearinajacket,youngpeoplecansaveasignificantamountofmoneyovertheirlifetime,allowingthemtoallocatethoseresourcestomoreimportantinvestmentslikeeducationorsavings.【词汇与解析】1.Fosterindependence:培养独立性。2.Self-sufficiency:自给自足。3.Relyon:依赖。4.Takeoutfood:外卖食品。5.Allocateresources:分配资源。解析：本题是“是否同意”题型。回答从“独立性”和“经济价值”两个角度展开。例子贴近生活，如做饭避免外卖、修补衣服省钱等，容易引起共鸣且论证有力。Task2：校园对话【阅读材料】Proposal:ExtendLibraryHoursto24HoursAstudentproposesthattheuniversitylibraryshouldremainopen24hoursadayduringthefinalexamweek.Thestudentarguesthatmanystudentsstudylateintothenightduringthisperiodandcurrentclosingtimesforcethemtoleavewhentheyaremostproductive.Additionally,thiswouldhelpreducenoiseindormitoriessincestudentswouldn'thavetostudythere.【听力材料】Man:Ithinkthatproposaltokeepthelibraryopen24hoursisagreatidea.Woman:Really?I'mnotsosureit'snecessary.Man:Whynot?Itwouldbesoconvenient.Woman:Well,mymainconcernisthecost.Keepingabuildingthatsizeopenallnightrequireselectricity,heating,andmostimportantly,payingstafftobethere.Theuniversityalreadyhasatightbudget.Ithinkthatmoneycouldbebetterspentonbuyingmorebooksorupgradingthecomputers.Man:Iguessthat'savalidpoint.Butwhataboutthenoiseinthedorms?Woman:Actually,Idon'tthinkitwouldhelpmuchwiththat.MoststudentsIknowdon'tgotothelibrarybecauseit'stoocrowdedduringexamweek.Theyprefertostudyintheirroomsorcommonareaswheretheycanlistentomusicortalktothemselveswhilestudying.Evenifthelibrarywereopenallnight,they'dprobablystillchoosethedormsforcomfortandconvenience.【题目】Thewomanexpressesheropinionabouttheproposaltoextendlibraryhours.Stateheropinionandexplainthereasonsshegivesforholdingthatopinion.【参考范文】Thewomanopposestheproposaltoextendthelibraryhoursto24hoursadayduringexamweek.Firstly,shepointsoutthefinancialburden.Keepingthelibraryopenallnightrequiressignificantfundsforelectricity,heating,andpayingstaff.Shebelievestheuniversity'sbudgetisalreadytightandthatthemoneywouldbebetterutilizedforpurchasingbooksorupgradingcomputerfacilitiesratherthanfundingovernightoperations.Secondly,shedoubtsthattheextendedhourswouldeffectivelyreducenoiseindormitories.Shearguesthatmanystudentsavoidthelibraryduringexamweekbecauseitistoocrowded.Instead,theypreferstudyingintheirroomsorcommonareaswheretheyfeelmorecomfortableandcanstudyintheirownstyle,suchaslisteningtomusic.Therefore,theywouldlikelycontinuetostudyinthedormsregardlessofthelibrary'shours.【词汇与解析】1.Financialburden:经济负担。2.Tightbudget:预算紧张。3.Utilized:利用。4.Crowded:拥挤的。5monareas:公共区域。解析：本题考察反对意见。听力中的女性提出了两个反论点：一是成本问题（电费、人工费），二是效果存疑（学生因为图书馆拥挤和习惯问题，即使图书馆开放也不回去，所以解决不了宿舍噪音问题）。Task3：学术讲座【阅读材料】BusinessConcept:LossLeaderPricingLossleaderpricingisamarketingstrategywhereastoresellsaproductatapricelowerthanitsmarketcosttoattractnewcustomers.Thegoalisnottomakeaprofitfromthediscounteditembuttostimulateothersales.Oncecustomersareinthestoretobuythecheapitem,thebusinesshopestheywillalsopurchaseother,regularlypricedproductsthatgenerateprofit.【听力材料】Professor:Let'slookathowanewelectronicsstoreusedlossleaderpricingtocompetewithestablishedcompetitors.Whenthestoreopened,itwasinalocationwithverylittlefoottrafficandwasrightnexttoahuge,well-knownelectronicschain.Togetpeopleintothestore,theownerdecidedtosellaverypopularmodelofheadphonesatasignificantlydiscountedprice.Infact,hesoldthemfor$50lessthanwhathepaidforthemanufacturer.Helostmoneyoneverypairsold.However,thisstrategyworkedbecausetheheadphoneswerea"hotitem"thateveryonewanted.Customerssawtheadvertisementandcamespecificallytobuythecheapheadphones.Butoncetheywereinsidethestore,manyofthemstartedlookingaround.Theysawotherthingstheyneeded,likeMP3playersorprotectivecasesfortheirheadphones.Thestoremadeaprofitontheseadditionalitems.Bytakingasmalllossontheheadphones,thestoregainednewcustomerswhoboughtotherprofitableproducts,helpingthebusinessestablishitself.【题目】ExplainhowtheexampleoftheelectronicsstoreillustratestheconceptofLossLeaderPricing.【参考范文】Lossleaderpricingisastrategywhereastoresellsaproductatapricelowerthanitscosttoattractcustomers,hopingtheywillbuyotherprofitableitems.Theprofessorillustratesthiswithanexampleofanewelectronicsstore.Tocompetewithalargerivalandattractcustomers,thestoresoldapopularmodelofheadphonesataprice$50belowcost,meaningtheylostmoneyoneachsale.However,thislowpriceactedasa"lossleader"thatdrewcustomersintothestore.Onceinside,thesecustomerspurchasedadditionalitems,suchasMP3playersandcases,atregularprices.Theprofitgeneratedfromtheseextraitemscompensatedforthelossontheheadphonesandhelpedthenewstoreestablishacustomerbase.【词汇与解析】1.Marketcost:市场成本。2.Stimulateothersales:刺激其他销售。3.Foottraffic:客流量，步行人流。4.Establishedcompetitors:知名的竞争对手。5pensatedfor:弥补，补偿。解析：商业概念题。重点在于解释清楚“亏本卖耳机”是为了“引流”，而利润来自于“连带销售”。回答时要强调因果关系：因为便宜所以吸引人->进店后买别的->整体盈利。Task4：学术讲座（环境科学）【听力材料】Professor:Todaywe'lltalkabouttwomethodsgovernmentsusetoensurecompaniescomplywithenvironmentalregulations.Thegoalistostopcompaniesfrompollutingtoomuch.Thefirstmethodistheuseofeconomicincentives,specificallyfines.Governmentssetalimitonpollution,andifacompanyexceedsthatlimit,theyhavetopayaheavyfine.Thisputsadirectcostonpolluting.Forexample,ifafactoryproducesacertainamountofharmfulchemicals,theygetfinedalargeamountofmoney.Toavoidthisfinancialpenalty,thecompanyismotivatedtoinvestincleanertechnologyorfilterstoreducetheiremissionsandstaybelowthelegallimit.Thesecondmethodisknownas"voluntarycompliance."Insteadofpunishingcompanies,thegovernmenttriestopersuadethemtoactresponsiblybyofferingpublicrecognitionorawards.Companieswanttomaintainagoodpublicimagetoattractcustomersandinvestors.So,thegovernmentmightcreateaprogramthatgivesan"EnvironmentalExcellence"awardtocompaniesthatsignificantlyreducetheirwaste.Acompanymightthengoaboveandbeyondthelegalrequirementstowinthisaward,lookinggoodintheeyesofthepublicwithoutbeingforcedbylawsorfines.【题目】Usingpointsandexamplesfromthelecture,explaintwomethodsgovernmentsusetoensureenvironmentalcompliance.【参考范文】Theprofessordiscussestwomethodsgovernmentsusetoensurecompaniescomplywithenvironmentalregulations.Thefirstmethodiseconomicincentives,suchasfines.Thegovernmentsetspollutionlimits,andcompaniesthatexceedtheselimitsmustpayheavyfines.Forinstance,afactoryemittingharmfulchemicalswouldfacefinancialpenalties.Toavoidthesecosts,thecompanyisincentivizedtoinvestincleanertechnologyorfilterstoreduceemissions.Thesecondmethodisvoluntarycompliancethroughpublicrecognition.Governmentsofferawardsorpraisetocompaniesthatactenvironmentallyresponsiblytoencouragethemwithoutusingforce.Forexample,an"EnvironmentalExcellence"awardmotivatescompaniestoreducewastenottoavoidfines,buttobuildapositivepublicimageandattractcustomerswhovaluegreenpractices.【词汇与解析】1plywith:遵守，服从。2.Economicincentives:经济激励。3.Financialpenalty:经济处罚。4.Voluntarycompliance:自愿遵守。5.Publicrecognition:公众认可。6.Goaboveandbeyond:超越预期，做得比要求的更多。解析：环境科学讲座。对比了“胡萝卜”和“大棒”两种政策。回答时需清晰区分“罚款”带来的经济压力和“奖项”带来的声誉激励。注意例子中工厂的行为变化。第三套：2025年5月托福口语真题回忆Task1：独立口语Somepeopleprefertoreadnewsfromnewspapersormagazines.Othersprefertoreadnewsfromonlinesources.Whichdoyoupreferandwhy?【参考范文】Ipreferreadingnewsfromonlinesourcesovertraditionalnewspapersormagazines.Themainreasonistheimmediacyandaccessibilityofonlinenews.Eventshappenrapidlyaroundtheworld,andonlineplatformscanupdateinformationinreal-time.IfIwaitforaphysicalnewspaperthenextmorning,thenewsmightalreadybeoutdated.Forexample,duringanaturaldisasterorapoliticalelection,Icangetinstantupdatesandbreakingnewsalertsonmyphone,whichkeepsmebetterinformed.Additionally,onlinesourcesofferawidervarietyofperspectivesandformats.Icanaccessinternationalnewsoutletseasily,readopinionsfromdifferentcommentators,andevenwatchvideoclipsorlistentopodcastsrelatedtothenews.Thismultimediaapproachhelpsmeunderstandthecontextmoredeeplythantextaloneinaprintedpaper.【词汇与解析】1.Immediacy:即时性，直接性。2.Accessibility:可获得性，易接近性。3.Real-time:实时的。4.Breakingnewsalerts:突发新闻警报。5.Multimediaapproach:多媒体手段。解析：本题是典型的“偏好选择”题。选择网络新闻的理由集中在“时效性”和“多样性”上。回答逻辑清晰，对比了传统媒体的滞后性和单一性。Task2：校园对话【阅读材料】Notice:ChangestotheStudentGymPolicyStartingnextmonth,theuniversitygymwillnolongerallowgueststoenterthefacilityduringpeakhours(5PMto8PM).Thispolicychangeisintendedtoaddressovercrowdingissuesandensurethatstudentshavepriorityaccesstogymequipmentduringthebusiesttimesoftheday.【听力材料】Woman:Didyouseethenewpolicyaboutthegym?Noguestsallowedafter5PM.Man:Yeah,Isawit.Ithinkit'sactuallyaprettygoodchange.Woman:Really?Ithinkit'skindofunfair.WhatifIwanttoworkoutwithafriendwhovisitsfromanotherschool?Man:Well,thinkabouthowcrowdeditgets.Lastweek,Iwentthereat6PM,andIhadtowait30minutesjusttogetonatreadmill.Itwasimpossibletogetadecentworkout.Woman:Iguessitiscrowded.Man:Exactly.Thegymismeantforusstudents.Wepayfeesinourtuition.It’sfrustratingwhenwecan'tusetheequipmentwepaidforbecausetheplaceisfullofguests.Limitingguestsduringpeakhoursensuresthatthestudentswhoactuallybelongherecangettheirexerciseinwithoutwastingtimewaitingformachines.【题目】Themanexpresseshisopinionaboutthenewgympolicy.Statehisopinionandexplainthereasonshegivesforholdingthatopinion.【参考范文】Themansupportsthenewpolicythatprohibitsguestsfromenteringthegymduringpeakhours.Firstly,hepointsoutthesevereovercrowdingproblem.Hesharesapersonalexperiencewherehewenttothegymat6PMandhadtowait30minutestouseatreadmill.Thelongwaittimesmadeitdifficultforhimtocompletehisworkouteffectively.Secondly,heemphasizesthatthegym'sprimarypurposeistoservethestudentswhopayforitthroughtheirtuitionfees.Hebelievesitisunfairwhenstudentscannotaccesstheequipmenttheyareentitledtousebecausethefacilityisfilledwithguests.Therefore,restrictingguestsduringbusytimesensuresthatstudentshavethepriorityaccesstheydeserve.【词汇与解析】1.Addressovercrowdingissues:解决过度拥挤问题。2.Peakhours:高峰时段。3.Treadmill:跑步机。4.Decentworkout:像样的锻炼。5.Entitledto:有权享有。解析：本题考察支持意见。男生支持该政策的理由非常直接：一是解决拥挤问题（个人经历：等跑步机30分钟），二是维护学生权益（学费包含健身费，客人占用导致学生无法使用）。Task3：学术讲座【阅读材料】BiologyConcept:FounderEffectThefoundereffectisatypeofgeneticdriftthatoccurswhenasmallgroupofindividualsbecomesisolatedfromalargerpopulation.Thisnewpopulationmayhavedifferentgeneticcharacteristicsthantheoriginalpopulationbecausethe"founders"carryonlyasmall,randomsampleoftheoriginalgroup'sgenes.Asaresult,certaingenetictraitscanbecomemuchmorecommoninthenewpopulationthantheywereintheoriginalone.【听力材料】Professor:Let'slookatanexampleofthefoundereffectinvolvingaspeciesofbirdscalledthebluebird.Imaginealargepopulationofbluebirdslivingonthemainland.Mostofthesebirdshaveredfeathersontheirheads,butafewhaveararegeneticmutationthatgivesthemblueheadfeathersinstead.Now,supposeasmallgroupofthesebirds—maybejustfiveorsix—getsblownoffcoursebyastormandlandsonanuninhabitedisland.Theyareisolatedfromthemainlandpopulationandstartbreedingontheisland.Bychance,let'ssaythattwoofthebirdsinthisfoundergrouphavetheblueheadfeathermutation.Sincetheislandpopulationstartsverysmall,thegenesofthesetwobirdswillbepasseddownfrequently.Overseveralgenerations,theblueheadfeathertraitbecomesverycommonontheisland,perhapseventhedominanttrait.Meanwhile,backonthemainland,theredheadfeatherremainsdominant.Thisshowshowthesmall,isolatedpopulationdevelopedadifferentgeneticmakeupsimplyduetotherandomgenesofthefewfounders.【题目】Usingtheexampleofthebluebirds,explaintheconceptoftheFounderEffect.【参考范文】Thefoundereffectisageneticphenomenonwhereasmall,isolatedgroupdevelopsdifferentgenetictraitsthantheoriginalpopulationduetothelimitedgenescarriedbythefounders.Theprofessorillustratesthiswithbluebirds.Intheoriginalmainlandpopulation,redheadfeathersarecommon,whileblueheadfeathersarerare.However,asmallgroupofbirdsisblowntoanisolatedisland.Bychance,thisfoundergroupincludesseveralbirdswiththerareblueheadfeathermutation.Asthesebirdsbreedontheisland,thebluefeathergeneispasseddownfrequently.Consequently,theblueheadfeatherbecomesacommontraitontheisland,unlikeonthemainlandwhereitremainsrare.Thisdemonstrateshowthespecificgeneticmakeupofthefoundersdictatesthetraitsofthenewpopulation.【词汇与解析】1.Geneticdrift:遗传漂变。2.Isolated:隔离的。3.Mutation:突变。4.Blownoffcourse:被吹离航线。5.Geneticmakeup:基因构成。解析：生物学概念题。难点在于描述清楚“小样本”和“隔离”如何导致“基因频率改变”。回答中要对比大陆（红羽毛为主）和岛屿（蓝羽毛变为主）的差异，并指出这是由于“founders”碰巧带有蓝羽毛基因造成的。Task4：学术讲座（艺术史）【听力材料】Professor:Today,wewilldiscusstwotypesofportraitpaintingspopularinthe18thcentury:the"grandmannerportrait"andthe"intimateportrait."Thefirsttypeisthegrandmannerportrait.Thesewerelarge,formalpaintingsintendedtodisplaythesubject'shighsocialstatus,power,andwealth.Thesubjectswereoftendepictedinelaboratecostumes,standinginmajesticsettings,sometimeswithsymbolsoftheirauthority.Forexample,akingmightbepaintedwearingroyalrobesandacrown,standinginapalacehall,holdingascepter.Thesizeandformalityweredesignedtoimpressviewersandcommandrespect.Thesecondtypeistheintimateportrait.Theseweresmaller,lessformalpaintingsthatfocusedonthesubject'spersonalityandinnerliferatherthantheirsocialrank.Thesettingswereusuallysimpleanddomestic,andthesubjectswereshowninrelaxedposes.Forinstance,amerchantmightbepaintedsittinginachairinhisstudy,readingabookorlookingoutawindow,wearingsimple,everydayclothing.Thegoalherewastocaptureamomentofquietreflectionandshowthehumansideofthesubject,makingthemseemmorerelatabletotheviewer.【题目】Usingpointsandexamplesfromthelecture,explainthedifferencesbetweengrandmannerportraitsandintimateportraits.【参考范文】Theprofessordiscussestwotypesof18th-centuryportraits:grandmannerportraitsandintimateportraits.Grandmannerportraitsarelarge,formalworksdesignedtoshowcasethesubject'shighsocialstatusandpower.Forexample,akingmightbedepictedinroyalrobesandacrown,holdingascepterinamajesticpalacesetting.Thepurposeistoimpresstheviewerandcommandrespect.Incontrast,intimateportraitsaresmallerandlessformal,focusingonthesubject'spersonalityandinnerlife.Forinstance,amerchantmightbepaintedinsimpleclothing,sittinginastudyreadingabook.Theseportraitsusedomesticsettingsandrelaxedposestocapturethesubject'shumansideandmakethemappearmorerelatab