2026年雅思《阅读》考试真题(完整版)

2026年雅思《阅读》考试真题(完整版)Passage1TheGreenSteeloftheFuture:BambooinModernArchitectureA.Inthequestforsustainableconstructionmaterials,architectsandengineersareincreasinglyturningtheirgazeawayfromtraditionalconcreteandsteeltowardsamaterialthathasbeenusedformillenniaintheGlobalSouth:bamboo.Oftenreferredtoas"vegetalsteel"or"greengold,"bamboopossessesatensilestrengththatrivals,andinsomecasesexceeds,thatofsteel.Withtheconstructionindustryresponsibleforapproximately40%ofglobalcarbonemissions,theurgencytofindlow-carbonalternativesispalpable.Bamboo,agrassthatgrowsrapidlywithouttheneedforfertilizersorpesticides,presentsacompellingcaseforbecomingthebackboneofeco-friendlyurbandevelopment.B.Thebiologicalpropertiesofbambooarenothingshortofmiraculous.Unliketimbertrees,whichcantakedecadestomature,certainspeciesofbamboocangrowupto91centimetersinasingleday.Thisrapidgrowthrateallowsforfrequentharvestingwithoutdamagingtherootsystem,ensuringsoilstabilityandpreventingerosion.Furthermore,bamboosequesterscarbondioxideataratesignificantlyhigherthanthatofmosttrees.Amaturebamboogrovecanrelease35%moreoxygenthananequivalentstandoftrees,makingitapotenttoolinthefightagainstclimatechange.C.Fromastructuralengineeringperspective,bamboooffersauniquestrength-to-weightratio.Itshollow,cylindricalstructureisoptimizedbynaturetoresistwindandbendingforces,aprinciplethatisutilizedinmodernengineeringdesign.Thetensilestrengthofbamboocanreachupto28,000poundspersquareinch(psi),whilesteeltypicallymeasuresaround23,000psi.However,therealadvantageliesintheweight;bambooissignificantlylighter,reducingtheenergyrequiredfortransportationandthesizeofthefoundationrequiredforbuildings.Therelationshipbetweenstressandforcecanbecalculatedusingthestandardformula:σ=,whereσisthestress,Fistheforceapplied,andAD.Despiteitsimmensepotential,thewidespreadadoptionofbambooinWesternarchitecturehasbeenhinderedbyseveralbarriers.Theprimaryobstacleisperception.Inmanycultures,bambooisstillassociatedwithtemporary,low-incomehousingorruralshacks,ratherthansleek,modernskyscrapers.Thisstigmaisslowlybeingdismantledbyvisionaryarchitectswhoareincorporatingbamboointohigh-endresorts,pavilions,andpublicbuildings.Additionally,thereisalackofstandardizedbuildingcodesforbambooinmanycountries,whichmakesitdifficultforengineerstogetapprovalforlarge-scaleprojects.E.Durabilityandpreservationarealsocriticaltechnicalchallenges.Untreatedbambooissusceptibletoinsectattacks,specificallyfrombeetleslikethepowderpostbeetle,andfungaldecay.Tocombatthis,moderntreatmentmethodshavebeendeveloped.Traditionalmethodsinvolvedsmokingthebambooorsoakingitinboraxsolutions.Today,moreadvancedtechniques,suchaspressuretreatmentwithboratesandnon-toxicchemicalpreservatives,canextendthelifespanofbamboostructurestoover50years.Furthermore,thedevelopmentofbamboocompositematerials—wherebamboostripsaregluedtogetherunderhighpressuretoformbeamsandpanels—mitigatesissuesofnaturalvariationandcreatesstandardized,uniformbuildingcomponents.F.Theeconomicimplicationsofabamboorevolutionareprofound.Fordevelopingnationsintropicalandsubtropicalregionswherebamboogrowsabundantly,localizingtheconstructionindustrycouldprovideamassiveeconomicboost.Itreducesrelianceonimportedsteelandcement,keepingcapitalwithinthelocaleconomy.Italsocreatesjobsincultivation,treatment,andconstruction.The"bamboocirculareconomy"createsasustainableloopwherethematerialisgrown,used,andeventuallyreturnedtotheearthwithouttoxicresidue,unlikethedemolitionwasteofconcretewhichoftenendsupinlandfills.G.Innovationinbamboojoineryisanotherfrontierbeingexplored.Traditionallashingwithropesorvineshasevolvedintotheuseofmodernbolts,dowels,andevenepoxy-filledsteeljoints.Theseconnectionsarecriticalforensuringthatthestructuralintegrityofthebuildingismaintainedduringearthquakes.Becausebambooisflexible,itcanabsorbtheseismicenergyofanearthquakemuchbetterthanbrittleconcrete.Buildingsmadeofbamboohavebeenobservedtoswayanddanceduringtremors,remainingstandingwhilerigidstructurescollapse.Thisductilityisakeycharacteristicthatengineersarenowlearningtoexploitinseismicdesigncodes.Questions1-7DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninPassage1?Write:TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis1.Bambooistechnicallyclassifiedasatypeoftree.2.Theconstructionindustryisthesolecontributortoglobalcarbonemissions.3.Bamboogrovesproducemoreoxygenthantreegrovesofthesamesize.4.Steelisheavierthanbamboo,whichnecessitateslargerfoundationsforsteelstructures.5.Powderpostbeetlesaretheonlyinsectsthatdamagebamboo.6.Moderntreatmentmethodscanensurebamboostructureslastforhalfacentury.7.Bambooconnectionsusingtraditionalropelashingarethepreferredmethodinmodernseismiczones.Questions8-13Completethesummarybelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes8-13onyouranswersheet.Bambooisincreasinglyrecognizedasasustainablealternativetotraditionalbuildingmaterials.Itsrapidgrowthandabilityto8__________allowforfrequentharvesting.Structurally,itshigh9__________makesitcomparabletosteel,thoughitismuchlighter.However,perceptionremainsahurdle,asmanystillviewitassuitableonlyfortemporaryhousing.Toensuredurability,bamboomustbeprotectedagainstinsectsanddecayusing10__________ormodernchemicaltreatments.Thecreationof11__________helpsstandardizecomponents,overcomingnaturalvariations.Economically,bamboosupportsa12__________byreducingimportsandcreatinglocaljobs.Finally,its13__________allowsittowithstandseismicactivitybetterthanrigidmaterials.Passage2TheAntikytheraMechanism:TheWorld'sFirstAnalogComputerA.In1900,agroupofGreekspongediversdiscoveredashipwreckofftheremoteislandofAntikythera.Amongthestatues,amphorae,andjewelryrecoveredfromthewreckagewasacorroded,calcifiedlumpofbronzethatinitiallyappearedtobenothingmorethanarock.Itwasnotuntilseveralmonthslaterthatarchaeologistsnoticedgearwheelsembeddedwithinthecorrosion.Thisobject,nowknownastheAntikytheraMechanism,datesbacktothe2ndcenturyBCandiswidelyregardedastheworld'sfirstknownanalogcomputer.B.Foroveracentury,themechanismremainedanenigma.Itscomplexitywasunprecedentedfortheancientworld.Usinghigh-resolutionX-raytomographyandadvancedimagingtechniques,researchershavefinallybeenabletopeerinsidethefragilebronzefragmentswithoutdamagingthem.Thesescansrevealedasophisticatedsystemofatleast30interlockinggears.Themechanismwashousedinawoodenboxroughlythesizeofashoebox,operatedbyahandcrankontheside.C.Theprimaryfunctionofthedevicewasastronomicalandcalendrical.Thefrontfacefeaturedalargedialwithtwoconcentricscales.Theouterringmarkedthe365daysoftheEgyptiancalendar,whiletheinnerringrepresentedthezodiac.PointersonthisdialindicatedthepositionoftheSunandtheMoononanygivendate.Byturningthecrank,theusercouldmoveforwardorbackwardintimetopredictthefutureorretrogradethepositionsofcelestialbodies.D.Thebackofthemechanismcontainedevenmorestartlinginformation.Theupperbackdialdisplayedafour-yearcycle,likelytrackingthetimingofthePanhellenicGames,includingtheOlympics.ThelowerbackdialwasaspiralrepresentationoftheSaroscycle,aperiodofapproximately223synodicmonths(about18years)afterwhicheclipsesrepeat.Themechanismcouldpredictsolarandlunareclipseswithastonishingaccuracy.ItevenincludedasubsidiarydialthataccountedfortheanomalyoftheMoon'sellipticalorbit,calculatingthevariablespeedoftheMoonacrossthesky.E.TheengineeringprowessrequiredtocreatetheAntikytheraMechanismismind-boggling.Thegearswerecutfrombronzesheetswithincredibleprecision,featuringtriangularteeththatmeshedperfectly.Thedifferentialgear,amechanismpreviouslythoughttohavebeeninventedinthe16thcentury,wasusedtocalculatethedifferencebetweenthesiderealyearandthesolaryear.Themathematicalrelationshipgoverningthegearratiosisessentialforthedevice'sfunction.IfweconsiderthegearratioRbetweenadrivinggearwithteethandadrivengearwithteeth,theratioiscalculatedasR=.Theancientengineersunderstoodtheseratiosintimatelytosimulatethecomplexmotionsoftheheavens.F.Theidentityofthecreatorremainsamystery,thoughscholarshaveproposedseveralcandidates.SomeattributethedesigntoArchimedes,wholivedacenturybeforetheshipwreck,ashewasknowntohavebuiltplanetaria.OtherssuggestitmayhaveoriginatedintheschoolofPosidoniusontheislandofRhodes.TheshipwreckitselfwaslikelyaRomanvesseltransportingGreeklootedtreasuretoItaly,datingthemechanismtobeforeitssinkingaround70-60BC.G.ThediscoveryoftheAntikytheraMechanismhasforcedhistorianstocompletelyrewritethehistoryoftechnology.ItdemonstratesthattheancientGreekspossessedalevelofmechanicalandmathematicalsophisticationthatwaslostforoveramillennium.ThetechnologydidnotsurvivethefalloftheRomanEmpire,anditwasnotuntiltheriseofmedievalEuropeancathedralclocksthatsimilarcomplexityreappeared.Themechanismservesasahumblingreminderthattechnologicalprogressisnotalwaysalinearupwardtrajectory;knowledgecanbelost,forgotten,andrediscovered.Questions14-19Lookatthefollowingstatements(Questions14-19)andthelistofpeople/groupsbelow.Matcheachstatementwiththecorrectpersonorgroup,A-E.Writethecorrectletter,A-E,inboxes14-19onyouranswersheet.NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce.ListofPeople/GroupsA.GreekspongediversB.ArchaeologistsC.ResearchersusingmodernimagingD.ThecreatorofthemechanismE.Romancargoowners14.Initiallymistookthemechanismforarock.15.Discoveredgearwheelswithinthecorrodedlump.16.Usednon-invasivetechniquestoanalyzetheinternalstructure.17.Understoodthemathematicalratiosnecessarytosimulatecelestialmotion.18.Likelytransportedthedeviceaspartofacargooflootedgoods.19.PotentiallyassociatedwiththeschoolofPosidonius.Questions20-23Completethesentencesbelow.ChooseONEWORDONLYfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes20-23onyouranswersheet.20.TheAntikytheraMechanismishousedinaboxcomparableinsizetoa__________.21.Thefrontdialutilizedthe__________calendartomarkthedaysoftheyear.22.TheSaroscycleallowsforthepredictionof__________.23.Themechanismemployeda__________geartocalculatethedifferencebetweentwotypesofyears.Questions24-26Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,C,orD.Writethecorrectletterinboxes24-26onyouranswersheet.24.Accordingtothepassage,thelowerbackonthedialwasspiralinordertorepresent:A.Thepositionofthezodiac.B.ThetimingoftheOlympicGames.C.TheSaroscycleofeclipses.D.TheMoon'sellipticalorbit.25.Thepassagesuggeststhatthetechnologyofthemechanism:A.WascontinuouslydevelopeduntiltheRenaissance.B.Influencedthedesignofearlysteamengines.C.WaslostforalongperiodaftertheRomanEmpire.D.WasoriginallyinventedbytheRomans.26.WhatisthemainsignificanceoftheAntikytheraMechanismaccordingtotheauthor?A.ItprovesthattheGreeksknewaboutelectricity.B.ItshowsancientGreekshadadvancedmechanicalandmathematicalknowledge.C.Itistheoldestknownshipwreckartifact.D.Itwasusedprimarilyfornavigationatsea.Passage3TheCognitiveCostofMultitasking:MythorReality?A.Inthemoderndigitalworkplace,theabilitytomultitaskisoftentoutedasaprizedskill.Jobdescriptionsfrequentlylist"multitasking"asarequirement,andemployeespridethemselvesonjugglingemails,phonecalls,andreportssimultaneously.However,agrowingbodyofneuroscientificresearchsuggeststhatwhatwecallmultitaskingisactuallyamyth.Thehumanbraindoesnotperformtasksconcurrently;rather,itrapid-switchesbetweenthem.Thisconstanttogglingcomeswithasteepcognitiveprice,affectingproductivity,accuracy,andmentalwell-being.B.Thebrain'sarchitectureisdesignedforfocusedattention.Whenweattempttomultitask,weareforcingtheprefrontalcortextoengageinrapidcontextswitching.Thisprocessisgovernedbywhatneuroscientistscall"executivecontrol."EachtimethebrainswitchesfromTaskAtoTaskB,thereisa"switchcost."ThebrainmustdisengagetherulesforTaskA,loadtherulesforTaskB,andthenapplythem.Thismetabolicandcognitivelagtakestime,meaningthatmultitaskingisactuallyslowerthansequentialprocessing.Studieshaveshownthatproductivitycandropbyasmuchas40%whenattemptingtomultitask.C.Theillusionofmultitaskingisparticularlypotentwithmediamultitasking—usingmultipleformsofdigitalmediasimultaneously.AstudyconductedatStanfordUniversityfoundthatheavymediamultitaskersperformedworseontestsofcognitivecontrolthanlightmultitaskers.Theyweremoreeasilydistractedbyirrelevantinformation,hadmoretroublefilteringoutnoise,andstruggledtoswitchtaskseffectively.Contrarytothebeliefthatmultitaskingtrainsthebraintobemoreefficient,theevidencesuggestsitmaybetrainingthebraintobeunfocused.D.Oneofthemostdangerousformsofmultitaskingistextingwhiledriving.Thiscombinesavisual-manualtask(texting)withacognitive-visualtask(driving).Researchindicatesthatdriverswhoaretextingare23timesmorelikelytocrashthanthosewhoarefocusedsolelyontheroad.Thebraincannotfullyprocessthevisualsceneoftheroadwhilelookingataphonescreen.Thiscreatesaformof"inattentionblindness,"wheredriverslookattheroadbutfailtoprocesswhatishappening,suchasaredlightorapedestriansteppingout.E.Theimpactofchronicmultitaskingextendsbeyondimmediateerrors;itmayphysicallyalterthebrain.Neuroplasticityreferstothebrain'sabilitytoreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnections.Preliminaryresearchsuggeststhatchronicmultitaskersmighthaveareduceddensityofgraymatterintheanteriorcingulatecortex(ACC),aregionofthebrainassociatedwithempathyandemotionalcontrol.Whilecorrelationdoesnotimplycausation,thisfindingraisesconcernsaboutthelong-termemotionalandsocialconsequencesofadistractedlifestyle.F.Furthermore,thestressofconstantinterruptionstriggersthereleaseofcortisolandadrenaline.Thesehormonesarepartofthebody's"fightorflight"response.Whileusefulinshortbursts,chronicexposurekeepsthebodyinastateofhighalert,leadingtofatigue,anxiety,andburnout.Thefeelingofbeing"busy"becomesaloopofstressanddistraction,ratherthanastateofaccomplishment.Thebrainiseffectivelyinastateofcontinuouspartialattention,unabletodeeplyengagewithcomplextasksorenterastateof"flow."G.So,ifmultitaskingisdetrimental,whatisthealternative?Theanswerliesin"monotasking"or"single-tasking."Thisinvolvesdedicatingfullattentiontoonetaskatatimeforasustainedperiod.TechniqueslikethePomodoroTechnique—workingfor25minutesfollowedbyashortbreak—canhelptrainthebraintofocus.Additionally,managingtheenvironmentbyturningoffnotificationsandcreating"deepwork"zonescanminimizethetemptationtoswitchtasks.Byreclaimingourattention,wecanimprovethequalityofourwork,reducestress,andrestoreourcognitivehealth.Questions27-31ReadingPassage3hassevenparagraphs,A-G.Choosethecorrectheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,i-viii,inboxes27-31onyouranswersheet.ListofHeadingsi.Thephysiologicaltollofconstantswitchingii.Thedefinitionofexecutivecontroliii.Thebrain'sinabilitytotrulymultitaskiv.Long-termphysicalchangesinthebrainv.Thedangersofmixingcommunicationanddrivingvi.Strategiesforregainingfocusvii.Themythofproductivityintheworkplaceviii.Mediamultitaskingandcognitivecontroltests27.ParagraphA28.ParagraphB29.ParagraphC30.ParagraphD31.ParagraphEQuestions32-36DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeclaimsofthewriterinPassage3?Write:YESifthestatementagreeswiththeclaimsNOifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsNOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinks32.Multitaskingisaskillthatimproveswithpractice.33.Theprefrontalcortexisresponsibleforswitchingbetweentasks.34.Heavymediamultitaskersarebetteratfilteringoutirrelevantinformation.35.Textingwhiledrivingisstatisticallymoredangerousthandrunkdriving.36.Chronicmultitaskingmayreduceempathy.Questions37-40Completethesummarybelow.ChooseNOMORETHANONEWORDfromthepassageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes37-40onyouranswersheet.Multitaskingforcesthebraintorapidlyswitchcontexts,incurringa"switchcost"thatreduces37__________.Heavymediamultitaskersoftensufferfromtheillusionofefficiencybutperformpoorlyoncognitivetests.Thehabitcanleadto38__________,wheredriversfailtoseehazardsevenwhenlookingatthem.Long-term,itmayreducegraymatterinthebrainandtriggerthereleaseofstresshormoneslike39__________.Tocombatthis,expertsrecommend40__________,orfocusingonasingletaskatatime.***AnswerKeyandExplanationsPassage1:TheGreenSteeloftheFuture1.FALSEExplanation:ParagraphAstatesthatbambooisa"grass,"notatree.2.FALSEExplanation:ParagraphAmentionstheconstructionindustryisresponsiblefor"approximately40%,"not"thesolecontributor."3.TRUEExplanation:ParagraphBstates:"Amaturebamboogrovecanrelease35%moreoxygenthananequivalentstandoftrees."4.TRUEExplanation:ParagraphCmentionsbamboois"significantlylighter,"implyingheaviersteelrequireslargerfoundations(ormoreenergy).5.NOTGIVENExplanation:ParagraphDmentionspowderpostbeetlesasanexample("specificallyfrombeetleslikethepowderpostbeetle"),butdoesnotclaimtheyaretheonlyinsectsthatdamageit.6.TRUEExplanation:ParagraphEstatesmoderntreatmentmethodscan"extendthelifespanofbamboostructurestoover50years."7.FALSEExplanation:ParagraphGstatestraditionallashinghas"evolvedintotheuseofmodernbolts,"implyingtraditionalmethodsarenotthepreferredmodernstandard.8.sequestercarbon(orsequestercarbondioxide)Explanation:ParagraphBmentionsbamboo"sequesterscarbondioxide."9.tensilestrengthExplanation:ParagraphCdiscusses"tensilestrength"reachingupto28,000psi.10.boraxsolutionsExplanation:ParagraphEmentions"soakingitinboraxsolutions."11.bamboocompositematerialsExplanation:ParagraphEdiscusses"bamboocompositematerials"tocreateuniformcomponents.12.bamboocirculareconomyExplanation:ParagraphFexplicitlymentionsthe"bamboocirculareconomy."13.flexibility(orductility)Explanation:ParagraphGmentions"Becausebambooisflexible..."and"Thisductilityisakeycharacteristic..."Passage2:TheAntikytheraMechanism14.AExplanation:ParagraphA:"Greekspongediversdiscoveredashipwreck...acorroded...lump...initiallyappearedtobenothingmorethanarock."15.BExplanation:ParagraphA:"Itwasnotuntilseveralmonthslaterthatarchaeologistsnoticedgearwheels..."16.CExplanation:ParagraphB:"Usinghigh-resolutionX-raytomography...researchershavefinallybeenabletopeerinside..."17.DExplanation:ParagraphE:"Theancientengineers[creator]understoodtheseratiosintimately..."18.EExplanation:ParagraphF:"TheshipwreckitselfwaslikelyaRomanvesseltransportingGreeklootedtreasure..."19.DExplanation:ParagraphF:"OtherssuggestitmayhaveoriginatedintheschoolofPosidonius..."(referringtothecreator).20.shoeboxExplanation:ParagraphB:"...housedinawoodenboxroughlythesizeofashoebox..."21