北京市东城区2026届高三下学期二模英语试题 含解析

北京市东城区2025—2026学年度第二学期高三综合练习（二）英语本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Inhighschool,Iwasthegirlwiththeoverstuffedbackpack,whichwasfilledwithitemsIthoughtImightneedbutnever___1___used:extranotebooks,apackofmarkers,afirst-aidkit,waterbottles,andevenachangeofclothes.Iwasconvincedthatbeing___2___meantbeingweigheddown.Iarrivedonthecollegecampuswiththesameoversizedbackpack,anditwasn’tlongbeforethephysicalharmbecameimpossibleto___3___.Myshouldersandbackachedconstantly,andIeven___4___socialeventsbecauseIdidn’twanttocarrythatheavybagaround.IknewIneededtomakeachangeanddecidedtoadoptthe“OneBagRule”:everythingIneededforthedayhadtofitintoasmall,lightweightbackpack.Atfirst,itwas___5___.Istaredatpilesof“essential”items,tryingtodecidewhattoleavebehind.Finally,Ireplacedmyheavyreferencebookswithasinglenotebook.Idonatedmyextrawaterbottlesandkeptjustone.Ievenlearnedtolivewithoutafirst-aidkit,___6___thatthecampushealthcenterwasnevertoofaraway.The___7___periodwastough,buttherewardswereimmediate.Mybackpaindisappearedwithinweeks.Imovedfasterthroughthecampus.Ireturnedtosocialeventsbecausemybagwasnolongera___8___—itwasaconvenience.Butthebiggestchangewasmental.WhenIstoppedcarryingaroundabagfullof“what-ifs”,Istartedlivingmore___9___,Inolongerfelttheneedtoprepareforeverypossibledisaster.Thatsenseof____10____welledintoeveryareaofmylife,givingmespacetofocusonwhattrulymatters.1.A.gradually B.merely C.precisely D.actually2.A.prepared B.settled C.stuffed D.needed3.A.reduce B.suffer C.cure D.ignore4.A.delayed B.ruined C.skipped D.filmed5.A.unfair B.painful C.disappointing D.useless6.A.testing B.trusting C.explaining D.showing7.A.reflection B.recovery C.adjustment D.hesitation8.A.burden B.failure C.choice D.habit9.A.onthego B.inthemoment C.byfaith D.tothefull10.A.connection B.gratitude C.responsibility D.freedom【答案】1.D2.A3.D4.C5.B6.B7.C8.A9.B10.D【解析】【导语】文章讲述作者从高中到大学，一直习惯用超重背包携带所有“可能用到”的物品，导致身心俱疲；后来尝试“单包原则”精简物品，不仅身体舒适，更获得了精神自由，学会活在当下。【1题详解】考查副词。句意：高中时，我是那个背着塞得满满的背包的女孩，里面装满了我觉得可能需要但实际上从未用过的东西。A.gradually逐渐地；B.merely仅仅；C.precisely精确地；D.actually实际上。根据前文“itemsIthoughtImightneed”与转折词“but”可知，这些东西“实际上”从未被使用。【2题详解】考查形容词。句意：我坚信，有所准备就意味着被重担压身。A.prepared准备好的；B.settled安定的；C.stuffed塞满的；D.needed需要的。根据前文“filledwithitemsIthoughtImightneed”可知，作者认为“准备充分”就要带很多东西。【3题详解】考查动词。句意：我背着同样超大的背包来到大学校园，不久后，这种身体上的伤害就变得无法忽视。A.reduce减少；B.suffer遭受；C.cure治愈；D.ignore忽视。根据后文“Myshouldersandbackachedconstantly”可知，身体的不适难以“忽视”。【4题详解】考查动词。句意：我的肩膀和后背一直疼，我甚至避开社交活动，因为我不想背着那个沉重的包到处走。A.delayed推迟；B.ruined毁掉；C.skipped避开；D.filmed拍摄。根据后文“becauseIdidn’twanttocarrythatheavybagaround”可知，作者不想背着那个沉重的包到处走，因此“避开”社交活动。【5题详解】考查形容词。句意：一开始，这很痛苦。A.unfair不公平的；B.painful痛苦的；C.disappointing令人失望的；D.useless无用的。根据后文“Istaredatpilesof“essential”items,tryingtodecidewhattoleavebehind”可知，精简物品的过程很“痛苦”。【6题详解】考查动词。句意：我甚至学会了不带急救包生活，相信校园健康中心离得并不远。A.testing测试；B.trusting相信；C.explaining解释；D.showing展示。根据后文“thecampushealthcenterwasnevertoofaraway”可知，作者“相信”校园健康中心离得并不远，所以不带急救包。【7题详解】考查名词。句意：适应期很艰难，但回报立竿见影。A.reflection反思；B.recovery恢复；C.adjustment适应；D.hesitation犹豫。根据前文“decidedtoadoptthe“OneBagRule””可知，此处指作者做出改变后的“适应”阶段。【8题详解】考查名词。句意：我重新参加社交活动，因为我的包不再是负担——而是一种便利。A.burden负担；B.failure失败；C.choice选择；D.habit习惯。根据前文“didn’twanttocarrythatheavybagaround”可知，沉重的包曾是“负担”。【9题详解】考查介词短语。句意：当我不再背着满是“万一”的包时，我开始更活在当下，我不再觉得有必要为每一种可能发生的意外都做好准备。A.onthego忙个不停；B.inthemoment活在当下；C.byfaith凭信念；D.tothefull充分地。根据后文“Inolongerfelttheneedtoprepareforeverypossibledisaster”可知，作者不再时刻准备着各种可能的意外，学会了“活在当下”。【10题详解】考查名词。句意：这种自由感渗透到我生活的方方面面，让我有空间专注于真正重要的事情。A.connection联系；B.gratitude感恩；C.responsibility责任；D.freedom自由。根据前文“Istoppedcarryingaroundabagfullof“what-ifs””可知，作者放下了包袱，获得了“自由”。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。Iwashavingthetimeofmylifewiththeincrediblefifth-gradeclassthisyear.Theywerefullofloveandcreativity.Oneday,astudentraisedherhandandaskedifI____11____(realize)Iwaswearingtwodifferentshoes.LaughterfilledtheroomandIfeltmycheeksburnwithembarrassment.Thenextgestureis____12____Iwillneverforget:thestudentsproceededtotradeshoeswitheachothertomatchmycrazysituation.____13____(magical),mymismatchedshoesturnedouttobethecoolesttrendintheclassroom.【答案】11.hadrealized12.what13.Magically【解析】【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了作者和五年级可爱的学生们相处时，偶然被学生发现穿了两只不一样的鞋子而尴尬，学生们却纷纷互相换鞋配合老师，让混搭穿鞋成了班里潮流的暖心故事。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：有一天，一个学生举手问我是否意识到自己穿着两只不一样的鞋子。主句谓语为一般过去时，宾语从句时态遵循主过从过，realize这个动作发生在学生提问之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时hadrealized。【12题详解】考查表语从句。句意：接下来的举动，是我永远不会忘记的。空处引导表语从句，从句中forget缺少宾语，指事物，用连接代词what引导从句。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：神奇的是，我这双不配对的鞋子，竟成了教室里最酷的潮流。修饰整个句子要用副词作状语，magical的副词形式是Magically，首字母大写。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。EvanBudz,a15-year-oldfromCanada,wonfirstplaceatthe36thEUContestforYoungScientistswithhisautonomousbionicseaturtlerobot.He____14____(inspire)whenheobservedthemovementofrealturtlesduringacampingtrip.Hisdesignenablessmoothermovementthroughwater,____15____(reduce)impactonthedelicateunderwaterecosystems.____16____anAI-poweredcomputervisionsystem,therobotmonitorscoralhealthandaidsunderwatersurveysandcoralreefprotection.Budz’sinnovationshowsyoungpeople’sremarkablecapability____17____(tackle)complextechnicalandenvironmentalchallenges.【答案】14.wasinspired15.reducing16.With17.totackle【解析】【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了加拿大15岁少年EvanBudz凭借自主仿生海龟机器人斩获欧盟青年科学家大赛一等奖，介绍了该机器人的设计灵感、优势、人工智能功能以及这项创新体现出年轻人应对科技与环境难题的能力。【14题详解】考查时态语态。句意：他在一次露营旅行中观察真实海龟的游动时，受到了启发。事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，主语He和inspire为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态wasinspired。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的设计能让水下游动更加平稳，减少对脆弱水下生态系统的影响。句中已有谓语动词enables，故空处需填非谓语动词，此处表示自然而然带来的结果，用现在分词reducing作结果状语。【16题详解】考查介词。句意：借助一套人工智能计算机视觉系统，这款机器人能够监测珊瑚健康状况，助力水下勘测与珊瑚礁保护工作。空格后为名词短语，需用介词With表示“凭借、借助”。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Budz的创新成果展现了年轻人应对复杂技术与环境挑战的非凡能力。固定搭配capabilitytodosth.表示“做某事的能力”，用不定式totackle作后置定语。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。Althougheachsocialsciencefocusesonadifferentaspectofhumanlife,theyhavemuchincommon.Eachbuildsabodyofknowledge____18____contentconsistsofgenerallaws,principles,andgeneralizationsdescribinghowfacts,trends,andobservationsarerelated.Somestudentsbelievethatthesocialsciencesaresomehow____19____(scientific)thanthephysicalandlifesciences,butsocialscientistsusethesamemethodsthatallscientistsdo:observation,experimentation,testingofscientifictheories,andreportingontheresultsofexperiments.Ifyoudecidetomajorinasocialscience,youshouldexpecttoconductyourownresearchandkeepyourself____20____(equip)withrelatedinformation.【答案】18.whose19.lessscientific20.equipped【解析】【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了社会科学虽各自研究人类生活的不同方面，但有很多共通之处，同时建议社科专业学生要开展自主研究、储备相关知识。【18题详解】考查定语从句。句意：每一门社会科学都构建一套知识体系，其内容由描述事实、趋势和观察之间关联的一般规律、原理和归纳结论构成。空处引导定语从句，先行词是abodyofknowledge，空格后content与先行词为所属关系，表示“知识体系的内容”，用关系代词whose引导定语从句。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：一些学生认为社会科学在某种程度上不如物理和生命科学科学严谨，但社会科学家使用的方法与所有科学家相同。根据后文than可知要用比较级，结合句意可知，一些学生认为社会科学没有物理和生命科学科学严谨，此处表示“不如……严谨的”，用lessscientific表示。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你决定主修社会科学，你要做好开展自主研究的准备，并随时掌握相关信息。yourself和equip之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语，固定搭配keeponeselfequippedwith表示“使自己具备/掌握……”。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIfyou’removinginormovingoutofyourstudentaccommodation,youmightneedahelpinghand.Whetheryou’rehavingnewpurchasesdeliveredtoyourdormitory,orsearchingforsomeplaceoutofcampustostoreyourthings,BoxItisalwaysheretohelp.Westoresuitcases,cycles,sacksandstacksofotherstuffinoursecuresites.Ifyouneedpackingmaterials,tellusandwe’llsendthemtoyou.YoucanuploadphotosofthethingsineachboxtoyourownBoxItaccounttoremindyourselfwhatiswhere,andthendownloadourapptomonitoryourbelongingsastheymove.Whenyou’reready,bookthedeliveryofyourboxesonline.Justletusknowwhatyouneedtobestoredandwe’llsendoneofourstafftopickyourthingsup,butrememberthatiftheaddresswearedeliveringyourboxestoisfartherthan25milesfromwherewepickedthemup,thereisanadditionalcharge.CollectionsarefreefromMondaytoFridayifwecollectbetween8a.m.and8p.m.Don’tleaveanyemptyspaceinyourbox—thismakesyourboxweakerandmaydamagethethingsinside,andnotfillingtheboxalsomeansyouneedmoreboxessoitcostsyoumore.Anddon’tputtoomuchintoyourbox—keepitunder25kilosinweight.Ifyoupackthefollowingitemsinyourboxes,wecan’tberesponsibleforanydamagetoyourthingswhenwe’removingthem:·Knivesandsharpobjects·Musicalinstrumentsinsoftcases·Food·Antiques·Petsoranyotherlivingcreatures·MirrorsorlargeglassitemsMakesurethedrivercaneasilygetintoyourplaceandthatyouareatyouraddressforthefulldurationofthecollectiontime.21.TohaveitemsdeliveredbyBoxIt,oneneedsto________.A.orderonline B.downloaditsappC.buyboxesfromBoxIt D.sendphotosofthestufftoBoxIt22.Customersareadvisedto________.A.filltheboxup B.prepareextraboxesC.wrapupsharpobjects D.bookserviceonweekends23.WhatcanwelearnaboutBoxIt?A.Itwillchecktheitemsintheboxes.B.Itsdeliverysupportsremotetracking.C.Itsserviceisintendedforuniversitystaff.D.Itcancollectitemsintheabsenceoftheowner.【答案】21.A22.A23.B【解析】【导语】文章主要介绍了BoxIt这家为学生提供宿舍物品寄存、打包、上门取件和配送的服务，说明了业务范围、操作方式、收费规则、装箱要求以及禁寄物品和取件注意事项。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Whenyou’reready,bookthedeliveryofyourboxesonline.(当你准备好后，可以在线预约箱子的配送服务。)”可知，想要使用BoxIt配送物品，需要在线下单预约。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据原文第四段“Don’tleaveanyemptyspaceinyourbox—thismakesyourboxweakerandmaydamagethethingsinside,andnotfillingtheboxalsomeansyouneedmoreboxessoitcostsyoumore.(不要在箱子里留有空余空间，这会让箱子不牢固，还可能损坏里面的物品，而且不装满箱子也意味着你需要更多箱子，花费也会更高。)”可知，平台建议顾客把箱子装满。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据原文第二段“YoucanuploadphotosofthethingsineachboxtoyourownBoxItaccounttoremindyourselfwhatiswhere,andthendownloadourapptomonitoryourbelongingsastheymove.(你可以将每个箱子里物品的照片上传到自己的BoxIt账户，方便记住物品存放位置，还可以下载应用程序实时追踪运送中的物品。)”可知，BoxIt的配送服务支持远程追踪物品动态。BIhadnoideaitwaspossibletosweatsoheavilywithoutengaginginanyphysicalactivity.Iwasn’tstandingattheopendoorofaplanethousandsoffeetintheair,readytojumpoutintothewild,bluesky.Rather,Iwassimplysittingonmybed,wearingmymostcomfortableclothes,andwaitingtohitthe“Enterclassroom”buttononmycomputer.IhadsignedupforanonlinelanguagelessonwithaPortugueselanguagetutor.Forthepastfewmonths,IhadbeenstudyingthelanguageandIknewvideochatwasthenextbestoption.AsIclickedthebutton,afriendlyfacepoppeduponthescreeninfrontofme.Atthatmoment,mymindfroze.Feelingmynervousness,mytutorsaidsomethingIstillremembertoday,“Learninganewlanguageislikeshowingyourweaknesstotheworld.Itcanbeuncomfortable.”Theicewasofficiallybroken.AsI’veprogressedalongonmylanguagejourney,Ioftenthinkbacktoherinsight.Sheisright.Wetakeasagiventhepowertoexpressourselvesfreely,andwhenthatpoweristakenaway,wearebroughttoaplaceofweakness.Yetifwekeeppushingforwarddespitethisweakness,wewillunlockawealthofvaluablegains.Mythree-year-oldsonhasbigfeelingsbuthasinsufficientvocabularytoproperlyexpresshimself.WhenIstartedlearningPortuguese,Irealizedhowdifficultitmustbeforhimtobeunderstoodintheadultworldaroundhim.I’mabetterparentnow.WhenmyhusbandandIfinallyvisitedPortugalandorderedfoodinPortugueseatasmallshop,theserverthankedusfortakingtimetolearntheirlanguage.LearningPortuguesetaughtmethatattemptingtolearnsomeoneelse’slanguageshowsrespectnotonlyfortheirhomelandbutforthepeoplethemselves.TakingonthechallengeofPortuguesehasalsoawakenedafirewithinme.IfyouhadtoldmeayearagothatIwouldbetakingawritingcourse,competingincompetitionsatmygym,orlearningaboutcarmaintenance,Itrulywouldn’thavebelievedit.NowIdeeplybelievethatchallengingyourselfcanberewardinginwaysyouwillneverknowunlessyouattemptit.24.WhatwastheauthordoinginParagraph1?A.Workingoutathome. B.Takinganentranceexam.C.Preparingherselfforaclass. D.Signingupforalanguageclub.25.Hearingthetutor’swords,theauthorfelt________.A.shocked B.defensive C.concerned D.relieved26.AfterlearningPortuguese,theauthor________.A.showedcompetitiveadvantages B.startedtotryPortuguesecuisineC.developedapassionfortravelling D.becameanunderstandingmother27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Itisnevertoolatetolearnsomethingnew.B.Takingonchallengesmaybringperfection.C.Leavingthecomfortzoneoffersnewvisionsoflife.D.Languagelearninghelpsclearupmisunderstandings.【答案】24.C25.D26.D27.C【解析】【导语】文章介绍了作者初次线上上葡萄牙语课时十分紧张，在老师开导下逐渐释怀；随后讲述学习葡萄牙语让自己更理解年幼的儿子、懂得尊重他国文化，勇于接受各类新挑战，感悟到走出舒适区、挑战自我会收获意想不到的人生价值。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据原文第一段“Rather,Iwassimplysittingonmybed,wearingmymostcomfortableclothes,andwaitingtohitthe“Enterclassroom”buttononmycomputer.(相反，我只是穿着最舒服的衣服坐在床上，等着点击电脑上的“进入教室”按钮。)”可知，作者当时正在为线上课程做准备。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据原文第二段“Feelingmynervousness,mytutorsaidsomethingIstillremembertoday,“Learninganewlanguageislikeshowingyourweaknesstotheworld.Itcanbeuncomfortable.”Theicewasofficiallybroken.(察觉到我的紧张，老师说了一句我至今记忆犹新的话：“学习一门新语言就像向全世界展露自己的弱点，这难免会让人不自在。”尴尬的氛围就此彻底消散。)”可知，听完老师的话后作者内心释怀、放松下来。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据原文第四段“WhenIstartedlearningPortuguese,Irealizedhowdifficultitmustbeforhimtobeunderstoodintheadultworldaroundhim.I’mabetterparentnow.(当我开始学习葡萄牙语时，我体会到儿子在成人世界里难以被理解的难处，如今我成了更善解人意的母亲。)”可知，学习葡萄牙语后，作者变成了一位更懂得体谅孩子的母亲。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据原文第五段“LearningPortuguesetaughtmethatattemptingtolearnsomeoneelse’slanguageshowsrespectnotonlyfortheirhomelandbutforthepeoplethemselves.(学习葡萄牙语让我明白：主动去学习他人的语言，不仅是对他们祖国的尊重，更是对当地人民本身的尊重。)”及最后一段“NowIdeeplybelievethatchallengingyourselfcanberewardinginwaysyouwillneverknowunlessyouattemptit.(如今我深信，挑战自我所带来的收获，只有亲身尝试才能体会，其价值难以预知。)”可知，走出舒适区、勇于挑战自我，会带给人全新的人生眼界与收获。CTwosummersago,inthebluewatersoffthecoastofasmallCaribbeanisland;aspermwhalenamedRounderbegantogivebirth.Elevenmembersofherfamilyslowlygatheredaroundtosupporther,comingfrommilesawayintheirhomewaters.TheycalledtooneanotherinMorsecode-likeclicksastheywaitedforthebabytoarriveandinthehoursthatfollowed,whentheyheldthebabyabovewatersothatshecouldbreathe.Scientistsaredevelopinginnovationsinrecordingandanalyzingtheircommunicationsthatcouldsomedaymakeitpossibletounderstandatleastsomeofwhatwhalessaytoeachotherinthisextraordinarymoment.DavidGruber,presidentofProjectCTI—Cetacean(鲸类)TranslationInitiative,hasgathereddozensoflinguists,biologists,roboticists,andexpertsinartificialintelligencetodocumentthelivesandcommunicationsofspermwhales.Gruber’steamisworkingtodevelopatranslationtool,whichwouldtransformspermwhalesoundsintohumanwords.Oneresultoftheresearchmightbeaworldinwhichhumans“undeniablyunderstand”thesecreatures’experiencefromtheirownperspectives,andthismightbreathenewlifeintowhaleconservation.Consider,forinstance,theproblemofoceannoisepollution.Massivemarinemammalssuchasspermwhalesdependonhighly-specializedecholocationsystemstosearchforfoodandnavigatethevast,lightlesszonesoftheoceanandtheirhighly-developedcerebralneuralsystemssupportnear-constantcommunicationwithcompanionsintheirsocialgroups.Thus,soundconstitutesanirreplaceableandlife-sustainingsensorycoreforthem.Growinghumannoise—oilandgasexploration,construction,andmostofall,shipenginenoise—isaclearharm,disturbingthebasicactivitiesofspermwhalelife.Whiletheevidenceofharmisobvious,currentlawsarefarfromfunctional.Existingregulations(法规)providealegalframeworkforpreventingharm,butnoise-relatedharmismostlyignored.Thisisexactlywherethebreakthroughlies.Whatifwhalesweredocumentednotonlystrugglingtomakethemselvesheardabovethenoise,butactuallytalkingaboutit?Wereaspermwhaleheardvoicingthepaincausedbyshipenginenoise,itswordswouldlikelycarrymoreweightinacourtoflawthandohumandescriptionsoftheproblem.Beingabletopresentthewhales’ownstatement,sotospeak,mightleadtoactionbeingtaken.Thepursuittofindandtranslatecomplexanimalcommunicationshouldnotreducetheworthofcreatureswhodon’tappeartohavethosecapacities.Wemaysimplyfailtoappreciatetheirintelligence;andthelackofrichcommunicationdoesnotmakeanylifelessspecial.Butitwouldstillbeincredible,andperhapstransformative,toknowwhatspermwhalessay—andthiscouldbeseenasanentrypoint,abeginningratherthanadestination,onthejourneytoappreciatingallcreatures.28.WhatisthemaingoalofProjectCTI?A.Topromotecetaceaninteractions.B.Tobuildabridgetospermwhales’thoughts.C.Tocallforregulationstoprotectspermwhales.D.Tosecureasaferhabitatforendangeredwhales.29.TheauthorusesthequestionunderlinedinParagraph4to________.A.expressadoubt B.defendaviewpointC.questionanassumption D.introduceapossibility30.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Researchonanimalsshouldbeconductedwithcare.B.Understandingwhalesisastarttounlocktheirpotential.C.Whales’ownaccountsmayhelpreduceharmfromhumans.D.Thelackofnoise-relatedlawsisduetocommonmisconceptions.【答案】28.B29.D30.C【解析】【导语】文章主要介绍了CTI项目的详细信息。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“DavidGruber,presidentofProjectCTI—Cetacean(鲸类)TranslationInitiative,hasgathereddozensoflinguists,biologists,roboticists,andexpertsinartificialintelligencetodocumentthelivesandcommunicationsofspermwhales.Gruber’steamisworkingtodevelopatranslationtool,whichwouldtransformspermwhalesoundsintohumanwords.Oneresultoftheresearchmightbeaworldinwhichhumans“undeniablyunderstand”thesecreatures’experiencefromtheirownperspectives,andthismightbreathenewlifeintowhaleconservation.(鲸类翻译倡议（CTI项目）负责人戴维・格鲁伯集结了数十名语言学家、生物学家、机器人技术专家以及人工智能领域专家，致力于记录抹香鲸的生活习性与交流方式。格鲁伯的团队正研发一款翻译工具，旨在将抹香鲸的声音转化为人类语言。这项研究有望让人类真正从抹香鲸自身的视角理解它们的生存状态，也或将为鲸鱼保护事业注入新的活力。)”可知，CTI项目的主要目标是搭建通往抹香鲸思想想法的桥梁。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据上文“Whiletheevidenceofharmisobvious,currentlawsarefarfromfunctional.Existingregulations(法规)providealegalframeworkforpreventingharm,butnoise-relatedharmismostlyignored.Thisisexactlywherethebreakthroughlies.(尽管危害的证据显而易见，但现行法律远远起不到实际作用。现有法规虽搭建了防范危害的法律框架，却基本忽视了噪音造成的危害。而这恰恰是可以取得突破的关键所在。)”可知，上文说现有法规忽视海洋噪音伤害；接着提出假设：如果我们记录到鲸鱼不只是费力发声，还能主动诉说噪音带来的困扰会怎样？由此可知，第四段划线句子的作用是引出一种可能性（假设情景，引出“读懂鲸类心声或将推动法律和保护行动”这一可能）。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Wereaspermwhaleheardvoicingthepaincausedbyshipenginenoise,itswordswouldlikelycarrymoreweightinacourtoflawthandohumandescriptionsoftheproblem.Beingabletopresentthewhales’ownstatement,sotospeak,mightleadtoactionbeingtaken.(倘若能听到抹香鲸亲口诉说船舶引擎噪音带来的痛苦，那么它的心声在法庭上的分量，很可能远超人类对这一问题的书面描述。可以说，若是能呈现鲸鱼自身的诉求，或许就能推动相关整治行动落地。)”可知，从文章中可以得出鲸鱼自身的心声表述或许有助于减少人类带来的伤害这一结论。DAfewyearsago,IwroteapieceinwhichIdeclaredthatbiography,ifnotquitedead,wasinverypoorcondition.Iwasconcernedthatforfartoolong,ithadbeencriticizedthatbiographieswerepoorlywrittenandjustlistedfactsfrombirthtodeath.IevenhesitatedbeforetellingpeopleIwasabiographer:itfelttantamounttoadmittingthatIwasajournalistincapableoforiginalthought.Butitturnsouttobeotherwise.ItwasmorethatIhadn’tbeenlookingforithardenoughorinquitetherightplaces.Lastweekend,theUniversityofEastAngliahostedaconferenceatwhichthemastersofbiographytookitspulseandgavetheencouragingconclusion.Whathashappened,theseexpertsexplained,isthatbiographyhaschangeditsshape.Thisshifthascomefromagrowingsensethatbiographyasitusedtobedonewasnotgettingusclosetotheexperienceitwastryingtodescribe.Weallknowthatlifeisn’tactuallycomprisedofastatelymarchthroughthedecadesinwhichlooseends,falsetrailsandthoseperiodswherenothingmuchhappensaretidiedawayoutofsight.Mostlyourlivesfeelshapeless,comingintofocusonlywhenaparticularoccasionmakesusfeel,forafewminutesatleast,fullyourselves.Tobetterrevealtheauthentic,unscriptednatureofalife,onenewapproachtobiographyemploysthepresentingofsomethingsmalltotellabiggerstory.FrancesWilsondemonstratedhoweffectivethiscanbeinHowtoSurvivetheTitanic.ShefocusesonthemomentwhenJBruceIsmay,theship’sowner,jumpedintoalifeboatmeantforwomenandchildren,vividlychartingastoryaboutoneman’slosthonour.Anotherapproachistoorganiseyourstoryaroundobjectsthatcarriedaparticularemotionalchargeforthepersonyouarewritingabout.InTheRealJaneAusten,forinstance,biographerPaulaByrnepullsoutanEastIndianshawl(披肩)andacarringethatfiguredinbothAusten’spersonalexperienceandherfiction,andtellsanewstoryaroundthem.Otherbiographershaverealisedthattheirsubject’snon-eventfulschoolingorthelongholidaysbytheseacanbecutdowntoafewshortparagraphssotheycanspendmoretimeonthebitsthatmatter.Thesenewwaysoftellinglivesarenotentirelydrivenbyintellectualconcerns.Thepressuresarecommercial,too.Peoplealsohaveshorterattentionspans,whichmeansthatthosedoorstopbiographiesof400pagescanstarttoseemlikeanapproachingthreatratherthanadeliciouspromise.Butmoreandmoreinterestingbooksarebeingpublishedwhichdealwiththelivesofothers.Theymaynotannouncethemselvesas“biographies”,butthatdoesn’tmeantheyaren’t.31.Whatdoestheword“tantamount”underlinedinParagraph1mostprobablymean?A.Superior. B.Similar. C.Unusual. D.Obvious.32.WhydoestheauthorsharehisideasonlifeinParagraph2?A.Toassessitssignificancetobiography.B.Tojustifytheemergingtrendinbiography.C.Toemphasizethevalueofmodernbiography.D.Toarguefortheauthenticityofconventionalbiography.33.Asforthenewapproaches,theauthorwouldagreethat________.A.theycouldbemoreengagingB.theyinvolvesubjectivedescriptionsC.theymightbeeasierforwriterstohandleD.theyhelpcommercializethepublishingindustry34.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Whatbiographyisallabout.B.Whetherbiographyshouldmirrorlife.C.Whybiographyisanythingbutindecline.D.Whodefinestheliterarystatusofbiography.【答案】31.B32.B33.A34.C【解析】【导语】文章主要讨论了传记非但没有衰落，反而以全新形式焕发活力。【31题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“Iwasconcernedthatforfartoolong,ithadbeencriticizedthatbiographieswerepoorlywrittenandjustlistedfactsfrombirthtodeath.(我一直忧心的是，长期以来，传记饱受诟病：文笔粗糙乏味，仅仅是把人物从出生到离世的生平事实罗列堆砌而已。)”可知，过去传记饱受批评，文笔差、只会罗列事实。作者身为传记作家，觉得这份职业等同于没有独立思想的记者，是不光彩的。由此可知，tantamount意为“等同的；相当的”，与similar（相似的）含义接近。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thisshifthascomefromagrowingsensethatbiographyasitusedtobedonewasnotgettingusclosetotheexperienceitwastryingtodescribe.Weallknowthatlifeisn’tactuallycomprisedofastatelymarchthroughthedecadesinwhichlooseends,falsetrailsandthoseperiodswherenothingmuchhappensaretidiedawayoutofsight.Mostlyourlivesfeelshapeless,comingintofocusonlywhenaparticularoccasionmakesusfeel,forafewminutesatleast,fullyourselves.(这种转变源于一种日渐强烈的共识：传统的传记写作方式，无法让我们真正贴近它想要描摹的人生本真体验。我们都清楚，人生本就不是按部就班、庄重有序地走过数十年岁月；那些未了的心事、走岔的弯路，还有那些平淡无奇、乏善可陈的时光，本就不该被刻意修饰、隐匿抹去。大多数时候，我们的人生本就毫无章法、随性散漫，唯有在某些特定时刻，我们才能在短短片刻里，寻回完整的自我、看清本心。)”可知，第二段作者提出观点：真实的人生并不是规整有序的，而是杂乱无章、充满琐碎空白、没有条理的。传统传记强行美化、规整人生，脱离现实。作者阐述对人生的理解，是为了解释传记转型的原因，为新型传记写法提供合理性依据。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Peoplealsohaveshorterattentionspans,whichmeansthatthosedoorstopbiographiesof400pagescanstarttoseemlikeanapproachingthreatratherthanadeliciouspromise.Butmoreandmoreinterestingbooksarebeingpublishedwhichdealwiththelivesofothers.(人们的注意力持续时间也变得更短，这就使得那些厚厚一大本、长达400页的大部头传记，不再像是值得品读的佳作，反倒成了一种让人望而生畏的负担。如今有越来越多讲述他人人生的趣味书籍问世，它们或许不会标榜自己是“传记”，但实质上依旧属于传记范畴。)”可知，现代人注意力变短，厚重的传统传记让人望而却步，而采用新手法的传记作品越来越有趣。由此可推知，作者认为新手法更吸引人。【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Afewyearsago,IwroteapieceinwhichIdeclaredthatbiography,ifnotquitedead,wasinverypoorcondition.(几年前，我曾写过一篇文章，在文中我直言：传记文学就算没有彻底消亡，也早已江河日下、处境堪忧。)”和第二段“Butitturnsouttobeotherwise.ItwasmorethatIhadn’tbeenlookingforithardenoughorinquitetherightplaces.Lastweekend,theUniversityofEastAngliahostedaconferenceatwhichthemastersofbiographytookitspulseandgavetheencouragingconclusion.(但事实却并非如此。更多是我当初寻找得不够用心，或是找错了方向。上周末，东英吉利大学举办了一场研讨会，传记文学界的名家齐聚于此，研判行业现状，并给出了令人振奋的结论。)”和全文内容可知，全文围绕传记没有衰落、反而焕新展开。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Pictureatablesurroundedbycuriousminds,eachdesiringtouncoverthemysteriesoftheuniverse,astheystartajourneyofintellectualexplorationthroughtheartofchallengingquestions.Thescenesummarizestheessenceofintellectualquestions.____35____They’rethekindofquestionsthatmakeyoufrown,scratchyourhead,andmaybeevenlosealittlesleep.____36____Forinstance,asAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglycomplex,we’reforcedtodealwithsomeprettymind-bendingquestions,like“WillAIeverachievetrueconsciousness?”or“Coulditonedaysurpasshumanintelligence?”Environmentalsustainabilitypresentsanothersetofurgentscientificquestions:“Howcanwebalanceeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotection?Couldweengineerourwayoutofaclimatedisaster?”Similarly,spaceexplorationhasfascinatedhumansforcenturies.____37____Wemaywonder:“Couldweonedaysettleonotherplanets?”Youmightbewondering:“Whybotherwithalltheseheavyquestio