八年级英语（人教版）Unit 8 中考一轮复习知识清单·贵州专版

八年级英语（人教版）Unit8中考一轮复习知识清单·贵州专版一、课标词汇分层过关·语境突破（一）核心词汇音形义全接触【基础】1.名词类·交际媒介与行为shake奶昔；摇动—【贵州中考2024语境考查】Pleasegivethebottleafew______beforeyoudrinkthejuice.（提示：考查名词用法）turn转动；轮到的机会—常考短语turnon/off/up/down构成动词短语家族piece片；块；段—apieceof后接不可数名词，复数形式piecesof【高频考点】traveler旅行者；游客—同义词tourist，动词travel【热点·人与自我】honey蜂蜜—不可数名词，abottleofhoney量化表达traditional传统的—名词tradition，副词traditionally【文化意识】autumn秋天；秋季—同义词fall（美式英语）festival节日—中国传统节日表达：SpringFestival，MidAutumnFestivalpaper纸；纸张—不可数名词，apieceofpaper一张纸pie馅饼；派—fruitpie水果派，applepie苹果派celebration庆祝；庆典—动词celebrate，celebratesthwithsb2.动词类·制作流程核心词o...把...倒进...，pourout倾诉【重要搭配】add增加；添加—add...to...把...加到...上，addto增加，addup加起来cover覆盖；遮盖—cover...with...用...覆盖...，becoveredwith被...覆盖【难点辨析】serve接待；服务；提供—servesbsth，serveas充当，service名词服务peel剥皮；去皮—peelanapple削苹果，peeler削皮器grate磨碎—gratedcheese磨碎的奶酪mix混合；融合—mixup混淆，mixture名词混合物fill装满；填充—fill...with...用...装满...，befilledwith=befullof充满【高频考点】shake摇动；抖动—shakehands握手，shakeone‘shead摇头3.形容词与副词类·流程与评价traditional传统的—反义词modern，traditionalculture传统文化【热点·人与社会】finally最后；最终—同义词eventually，atlast，intheend【写作高频词】first...next...then...finally...顺序副词链—记叙文写作核心结构【必考】another另一；又一—another+单数名词，anothertenminutes=tenmoreminutes【难点】（二）词形变化规律总结【重要】1.动词变名词规则shake（摇动）—shake（名词）注意同形serve（服务）—service（服务）—servant（仆人）celebrate（庆祝）—celebration（庆典）—celebrated（著名的）mix（混合）—mixture（混合物）—mixed（混合的）cover（覆盖）—cover（封面；盖子）—coverage（覆盖范围）2.形容词变副词规则traditional—traditionally（规则加ly）final—finally（变1为y加ly）【注意】真正的副词是finally，final是形容词usual—usually（规则变化）careful—carefully（形容词尾加ly）3.名词单复数特殊变化【基础易错】（1）可数名词规则变化：tomato—tomatoes【注意】以o结尾加es（2）不可数名词量化：yogurt—acupofyogurt，twocupsofyogurt（3）特殊名词：piece—pieces，切不可数名词为可数表达（4）外来词保持原形：sushi，pizza单复数同形（三）贵州中考词汇语境训练【分层练】【A层·识记】根据首字母或中文提示写出单词1.Pleasep______theapplesbeforeyoueatthem.（剥皮）2.Howmuchh______doweneedtomakethedrink？（蜂蜜）3.It‘st______toeatmooncakesduringtheMidAutumnFestival.（传统的）4.F______，don’tforgettoaddsomesalt.（最后）5.Pleasec______thetablewithacloth.（覆盖）【B层·运用】用所给词的适当形式填空1.Weneedtwo______（piece）ofbreadforthesandwich.2.Mymother______（serve）teatotheguestseveryafternoon.3.Theroomis______（fill）withthesmellofflowers.4.Let‘s______（celebration）yourbirthdaywithabigdinner.5.The______（mix）ofcolorscreatesabeautifulpicture.【C层·语境】完成句子1.首先把牛奶倒进搅拌机。，themilk______theblender.2.别忘了加些盐。Don’tforget____________somesalt.3.我们需要多少酸奶？____________yogurtdoweneed？4.再煮十分钟。Cookfor______ten______.5.用肉汁覆盖火鸡。______theturkey______gravy.二、核心短语多维突破·考点定位（一）动词短语家族【高频考点】1.turn短语链—中考完形填空必考turnon打开（电器）—反义词turnoff关闭turnup开大（音量）—反义词turndown关小；拒绝turnover翻转—turnoveranewleaf翻开新篇章turninto变成—o...把...变成...turnout结果是—turnouttobe证明是【贵州中考真题链接】（2023贵阳）Please______thelightsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.turnonB.turnoffC.turnupD.turndown【解析】离开教室要关灯，选B2.cut短语链cutup切碎—opieces切成碎片cutdown砍倒；削减—cutdownon减少...cutoff切断；中断—cutofftheelectricity断电cutin插嘴—cutinline插队3.add短语链【难点】add...to...把...加到...—Addsalttothesoup.addto增加—Thebadweatheraddedtoourdifficulty.addup加起来—Addupallthenumbers.addupto总计达—Thecostsaddupto100yuan.4.fill与cover短语辨析【必考】fill...with...用...装满—主动语态befilledwith装满—状态描述cover...with...用...覆盖—主动动作becoveredwith被...覆盖—状态，强调覆盖的表面【辨析训练】（1）Thebox______books.（装满了书）（2）Theground______snow.（被雪覆盖）（二）量词短语精讲【基础·贵州特色考向】1.可数名词量化apieceof一张/片/块—apieceofpaper/bread/news/adviceasliceof一片（薄片）—asliceofbread/cake/meataloafof一条（面包）—aloafofbreadabagof一袋—abagofapples/potatoes2.不可数名词量化acupof一杯—acupoftea/yogurt/coffeeaglassof一玻璃杯—aglassofwater/milk/juiceabottleof一瓶—abottleofhoney/milk/wineaspoonof一勺—aspoonofsugar/salt/oilapieceof一张/片（用于不可数名词的个体化）【注意】量词复数的变化：twocupsofyogurt，threepiecesofbread（三）顺序副词链【写作核心·热点】First...Next...Then...Afterthat...Finally...这是描述过程类作文的结构，贵州中考书面表达连续五年考查过程描写类话题。【考点】（1）First强调起始步骤（2）Next/Then表示紧接着的步骤，可互换（3）Afterthat强调时间先后（4）Finally表示最后一步，可与atlast，intheend互换【易错点】finally是副词，不能写成finalafterthat后要接完整的句子，that是代词指代前文（四）贵州中考短语语境训练【选词填空】turnon，cutup，pourinto，addto，coverwith1.______theblender，please.2.______thebananasandputtheminthebowl.3.______themilk______theblender.4.______somesugar______thecoffee.5.______thecake______cream.【完成句子·贵州特色】1.首先，把土豆切碎。，______thepotatoes.2.然后，把牛肉和胡萝卜放进锅里。，thebeefandcarrots______thepot.3.最后，别忘了加盐。______，don‘t____________addsalt.4.再煮十分钟。Cookfor______ten______.5.我们需要三杯酸奶。Weneedthree____________yogurt.三、核心句型·语法透视【难点突破】（一）Howmany与Howmuch的辨析【高频考点·贵州中考必考】【核心规则】Howmany+可数名词复数—询问数量Howmuch+不可数名词—询问数量或价格【贵州中考考向分析】近五年贵州中考单项选择、完成句子题型中，Howmany/Howmuch辨析出现率达90%。2024年贵阳卷完成句子直接考查：____________yogurtdoweneed？【典型例题】（1）______bananasdoweneed？A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.HowoftenD.Howlong【解析】bananas可数名词复数，选A（2）______istheTshirt？A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.HowoldD.Howtall【解析】询问价格，选B【拓展考点】Howmany的答语用数字+可数名词复数Howmuch的答语用数字+量词+of+不可数名词或直接说价格（二）祈使句的肯定与否定【基础】【结构公式】肯定祈使句：动词原形+其他否定祈使句：Don‘t+动词原形+其他【教材原句】Turnontheblender.Don’tforgettoaddsomesalt.【贵州中考考向】（1）祈使句与please连用：Please+动词原形/动词原形+please（2）Let‘s开头的祈使句：Let’s+动词原形，否定式Let‘snot+动词原形（3）No+动名词：Nosmoking！Noparking！【易错点】Don’t后一定要跟动词原形，不能跟todoLet‘s的否定式是Let’snot，不是Don‘tlet’s（三）another与more的用法【难点·贵阳特色】【核心规则】another+单数名词=另一个another+数字+复数名词=再...几个数字+more+复数名词=再...几个（与another互换）【教材原句】Cookforanothertenminutes.=Cookfortenmoreminutes.【贵州中考预测】Weneed______threeapplestomakethesalad.A.anotherB.moreC.otherD.theother【解析】anotherthreeapples=threemoreapples，选A【拓展辨析】other别的，其他的—后接复数名词theother两者中的另一个—特指others其他人/物—代词（四）复合不定代词的运用【综合考点】【核心规则】something，anything，nothing，everything的用法肯定句用something否定句/疑问句用anythingnothing=notanything【教材语境】Doyouneedsomethingtodrink？There‘snothinginthefridge.【贵州中考考向】形容词修饰复合不定代词要后置：somethingdelicious，nothingspecial（五）句型转换专项训练1.Weneedthreeapples.（对划线部分提问）____________applesdoyouneed？2.Weneedacupofyogurt.（对划线部分提问）____________yogurtdoyouneed？3.Addsomesalttothesoup.（改为否定句）____________anysalttothesoup.4.Cookitforfivemoreminutes.（同义句转换）Cookitfor______five______.5.Thereissomethinginterestingintoday‘snews.（改为否定句）There____________interestingintoday’snews.四、话题写作·语用提升【贵州中考题型适配】（一）单元话题分析—食物制作【热点·人与自我】【贵州中考写作考向分析】2023贵州统考写作考查“介绍一道家乡美食的制作过程”2024贵阳卷写作考查“TheChangeMadeMe______”，半命题作文2025预测：以“HowtoMake______”为题，考查过程描述能力【写作体裁】说明文—过程描述类【核心结构】Introduction：介绍要制作的食物及所需材料Body：按顺序描述制作步骤Conclusion：评价食物或表达祝福（二）话题词汇语料库【写作必备】【食材类】beef牛肉，chicken鸡肉，pork猪肉，fish鱼cabbage卷心菜，carrot胡萝卜，potato土豆，tomato西红柿，onion洋葱milk牛奶，yogurt酸奶，honey蜂蜜，sugar糖，salt盐，oil油flour面粉，rice米饭，noodles面条，dumplings饺子【工具类】blender搅拌机，pot锅，pan平底锅，bowl碗，plate盘子knife刀，spoon勺子，cup杯子，glass玻璃杯【动作类】wash洗，peel削皮，cut切，pour倒，add加，mix混合stir搅拌，cook煮，fry煎，bake烤，boil煮，steam蒸turnon打开，turnoff关闭【顺序副词】First，...Next，...Then，...Afterthat，...Finally，...（三）句型模板【高分必备】【开头句型】1.TodayIwanttotellyouhowtomake...2.Doyouknowhowtomake...？Letmetellyou.3....ismyfavoritefood.It‘seasytomake.【中间步骤句型】1.First，weneedtoprepare...2.Next，...osmallpieces.3.Then，othepotandaddsome...4.Afterthat，cookthemfor...minutes.5.Finally，don’tforgettoadd...【结尾句型】1.Nowyoucanenjoydelicious...2.Ittastesreallygood.Tryityourself！3.I‘msureyourfamilywillloveit.（四）高分范文·分层赏析【题目】假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom对中国美食感兴趣。请你给他写一封邮件，介绍如何制作西红柿炒鸡蛋（scrambledeggswithtomatoes）。要求：步骤清晰，不少于80词。【范文】DearTom，I’mgladtoknowyou‘reinterestedinChinesefood.Todayletmetellyouhowtomakescrambledeggswithtomatoes.It’seasyanddelicious.First，weneedtopreparesomeingredients：twotomatoes，threeeggs，somesalt，oilandsugar.Next，washthetomatoesandcutthemintosmallpieces.Then，breaktheeggsintoabowlandmixthemwithalittlesalt.Afterthat，poursomeoilintothepan.Whentheoilishot，addtheeggs.Frythemforaboutoneminuteandtakethemout.Thenputthetomatoesintothepanandcookfortwominutes.Addtheeggsbackandmixthemtogether.Finally，addsomesaltandsugartotaste.NowyoucanenjoythistraditionalChinesedish.Ihopeyou‘lllikeit.Yours，LiHua【亮点分析】1.结构清晰：First...Next...Then...Afterthat...Finally...顺序副词链完整2.用词准确：breaktheeggs，fry，mix，add...totaste等动词使用地道3.衔接自然：then，afterthat等过渡词使用得当4.首尾呼应：开头点题，结尾表达祝福五、贵州中考真题透视·命题规律【重要】（一）近五年贵州中考Unit8考点分布【考点统计】1.词汇类：turnon/off，addto，fillwith，coverwith出现率80%2.语法类：Howmany/Howmuch辨析出现率100%3.句型类：祈使句出现率60%，another+数字出现率40%4.话题类：食物制作类完形填空出现率50%【2024贵州统考真题还原】（完成句子）我们需要多少酸奶？____________yogurtdoweneed？【答案】Howmuch（单项选择）Please______theblenderbeforeyouuseit.A.turnonB.turnoffC.turnupD.turndown【答案】A（二）命题趋势预测【2025中考】【趋势一】语境化考查加强不再单纯考查短语记忆，而是放在完整语境中考查运用能力。例如在完形填空中，根据上下文选择正确的动词短语。【趋势二】跨单元融合趋势Unit8的食物制作话题常与健康饮食、传统文化等话题融合考查。例如将食物制作与中国传统节日结合，考查文化意识。【趋势三】写作考查过程描述贵州中考写作连续三年考查过程描述类文体，预计2025年仍会延续。考生需要熟练掌握顺序副词链和步骤描述句型。【趋势四】语法点综合考查Howmany/Howmuch不再单独考查，而是与可数不可数名词、量词表达等综合考查。（三）易错点预警【难点突破】【易错点1】可数不可数名词误用常见错误：twobreads，ahoney正确表达：twopiecesofbread，abottleofhoney【易错点2】another与more的位置错误常见错误：moretenminutes正确表达：anothertenminutes/tenmoreminutes【易错点3】祈使句否定式错误常见错误：Notforgettoaddsalt.正确表达：Don‘tforgettoaddsalt.【易错点4】fill与full混淆常见错误：Thecupisfilledofwater.正确表达：Thecupisfilledwithwater./Thecupisfullofwater.六、分层综合训练·能力进阶【贵州模式】（一）基础巩固层【30分】一、单词拼写（每题1分，共5分）1.Pleasep______theorangesbeforeyoueatthem.2.Howmuchh______doweneedforthedrink？3.It‘st______toeatturkeyonThanksgivingDay.4.F______，mixeverythingtogether.5.Thegroundisc______withsnow.二、单项选择（每题1分，共5分）1.______waterdoweneed？A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.HowoldD.Howtall2.Please______theTV.Iwanttowatchthenews.A.turnonB.turnoffC.turnupD.turndown3.Weneed______tenminutestofinishthework.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.others4.Don‘tforget______thewindowwhenyouleave.A.closeB.tocloseC.closingD.closed5.Thebottleis______milk.A.fillwithB.fullwithC.filledofD.fullof三、完成句子（每题2分，共10分）1.首先，把苹果切碎。，______theapples.2.然后，把牛奶倒进搅拌机。，themilk______theblender.3.我们需要多少香蕉？____________bananasdoweneed？4.再煮五分钟。Cookfor______five______.5.别忘了加盐。Don‘t____________addsalt.（二）能力提升层【40分】四、完形填空（每题2分，共20分）Howdoyoumakeafruitsalad？Letmetellyou.First，1somefruit，likeapples，bananasandoranges.Then，2theapplesandbananas.Next，3theorangesandtakeouttheseeds.4that，putallthefruitintoabigbowl.Then，addsomeyogurtandhoney.5，mixeverythingtogether.Nowyoucan6thesalad.It’s7andhealthy.Ifyouwanttomakeit8，youcanaddsomeicecream.Mylittlesister9fruitsaladverymuch.Sheoftenasksme10itforher.1.A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy2.A.peelB.cutC.washD.cook3.A.peelB.cutC.washD.open4.A.AtB.InC.OnD.After5.A.FirstB.NextC.ThenD.Finally6.A.eatB.drinkC.enjoyD.make7.A.deliciousB.terribleC.expensiveD.cheap8.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.well9.A.likeB.likesC.likingD.tolike10.A.makeB.makesC.tomakeD.making五、阅读理解（每题2分，共10分）Doyouknowhowtomakeaturkeysandwich？It’seasy.Here’sarecipe.First，gettwopiecesofbread.Then，putsomebutteronthebread.Next，putsometurkeyslicesononepieceofbread.Afterthat，putsomelettuceandtomatoslicesontheturkey.Then，putsomemayonnaise（蛋黄酱）onthelettuce.Finally，puttheotherpieceofbreadontop.Nowyouhaveadeliciousturkeysandwich.Youcaneatitforbreakfastorlunch.It’shealthyandtasty.1.Howmanypiecesofbreaddoyouneed？A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four2.Whatdoyouputonthebreadfirst？A.TurkeyB.LettuceC.ButterD.Mayonnaise3.Wheredoyouputthemayonnaise？A.OnthebreadB.OntheturkeyC.OnthelettuceD.Onthetomato4.What‘sthelaststep？A.PuttheturkeyB.PutthelettuceC.PutthetomatoD.Puttheotherbread5.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthesandwich？A.TerribleB.ExpensiveC.HealthyandtastyD.Difficulttomake（三）综合拓展层【30分】六、语法填空（每题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。HowdoyoumakeRussiansoup？Letmetellyou.First，buysomebeef，onecabbage，four1（carrot），threepotatoes，fivetomatoesandoneonion.Then，2（cut）upthevegetables.Next，putthebeef，carrotsandpotatoesintoapotandaddsome3（water）.Afterthat，cook4（they）for30minutes.Then，addthecabbage，tomatoesandonionandcookfor5tenminutes.Finally，don‘tforget6（add）somesalt.Nowyoucanenjoy7soup.It’svery8（tradition）inRussia.Mymotheroften9（make）itforus.Ilikeitverymuchbecauseit‘snotonlydelicious10alsohealthy.七、书面表达（20分）假设