《高中英语必修第一册Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures》课件

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSDiscoveringUsefulStructuresTolearntherestrictiverelativeclauseswiththat,which,who,whose,whomand/.Tousetherestrictiverelativeclausestodescribepicturesofdisasters.Retellthepassagebriefly:Strangethingswerehappeningthatnight.Thewaterinthewells...Smellygas…Animals…

Butpeoplewere...Suddenly,everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasif...Ahugecrack…Hardhillsofrock…Inlessthanoneminutes,…Twothirdsofthepeople...Everywheresurvivorslooked,therewasnothingbutruins.Nearlyeverything…Bricks…Mostbridges…Therailwaytracks…Peoplewereinshock.Andlaterthatafternoon,…Peoplebegantowonder…Buthopewasnotlost.Soonaftertheearthquake,…Doctorsandnurses…Workers…Thecitybegantobreatheagain.Tangshanbegantoreviveitself.Withthesupport…Thenewcity…Findandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclausesinthesentencebelow.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreatgrandmacannotforget.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupt.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.MrLiisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEducator.Findmoresentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesfromthetextonpage50.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometersawayinBeijing.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.ThestructureofrestrictiverelativeclausesTwothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.先行词关系代词从句定义:

在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、代词、整个主句或主句中的一部分的从句。

类型:限制性定语从句（描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义）。关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose等。引导定语从句的关系代词有三个作用：1)连接作用：引导从句，把从句和它所修饰

的内容连接起来；2)替代作用：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的

先行词；3)在从句中充当成分：作主语、宾语、表语、

定语。指人指物主语宾语that

whichwhowhom√×

×

×

×

关系代词在从句中：何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略√√√√√√√√√√√关系代词的用法与辨析1)关系代词that与which

定语从句中,关系代词that既可指人也可指物，which一般用于指物。指物时二者一般可以互换。只用that引导定语从句的情况：①当先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none等不定代词或先行词被theonly,few,little,no,all,every,thevery等词修饰时。②当先行词同时包括人和物时。如：Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschools

thattheyhadvisited.③当先行词前有序数词first,last,next等或形容词的最高级修饰时。如：ThisisthefirstarticlethatI’vewritteninJapanese.④当主句是由who或which开头的疑问句时。如：WhoisthemanthatisstandingbyJack?2)关系代词who与whom

who指人，主格，在定语从句中作主语，一般可用that替换。

whom指人，宾格，在定语从句中作宾语。在口语和非正式文体中可用who或that替换，也可以省略。3)关系代词whose

whose是who的所有格，在定语从句中作定语，起限定作用。whose引导定语从句时，先行词可以指人也可以指物。1TheeruptionofMountVesuviusin79CEtookthepeopleofPompeiibysurprise.Theyhadalwaysknownthatthemountainwasavolcanobutithadbeenquietforsolongthatnobodysawitasathreat.Whenthevolcanofinallydiderupt,itwassoquickandsoseverethatthetownwassooncoveredinlavaandash.Awriter________wasthereduringtheeruptiondescribedhowlavawasthrownintotheairlikeafountain.【语境应用】用that,which,who,whose,whom,/完成句子。who/thatAfteritfelltoearth,itturnedintowaveoflava__________travelleddownthemountainfasterthanpeoplecouldrunaway.Itwasanabsolutedisasterforthose_________couldnotescapeintime.Manyofthewoodenhousesandbungalows(平房)inPompeiiwereburnedtotheground,butthestonehousesremainedundertheashuntiltheywererediscoveredduringthe20thcentury.who/thatthat/which2ThedayafterthiseruptionIwasluckyenoughtohaveamuchcloserlookatit.TwootherscientistsandIweredrivenupthemountainanddroppedascloseaspossibletothecrater__________hadbeenformedduringtheeruption.Weputonspecialclothesbeforewewentanycloser.Lookinglikespacemen,wehadwhiteprotectivesuits___________coveredourwholebody,helmets,bigbootsandspecialgloves.Itwasnoteasytowalkinthesesuits,butweslowlymadeourwaytotheedgeofthecraterandlookdownintothered,boilingcenter.that/whichthat/whichCompleteeachsentencewith

that,which,who,whose,whomor

/.1.Herearesomeofthepeople_________homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_________wereasleep.3.Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusinganything_________theycouldfind.whosewhothat/which4.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings__________hadbeendamagedbythe

hurricanewererepaired.5.Theinjuredboy_________motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.6.Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothesoldierby_________shewasrescued.7.Isthisyoungboy_________savedseveralotherstudentstrappedunderbuildings?that/whichwhosewhomwhoWorkwithapartner.Taketurnstoaskeachotheraboutthepictures.Makesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesusingthat,which,who,whose,orwhom.A:What’stherescueworkerdoing?B:She’sfeedingthebabywhosurvived

theearthquake.A:Whatarethesoldiersdoing?B:Theyareputtingupthetentswhichare

usedastemporarysheltersforthe

homelessintheearthquake.1.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.

supplyn.anamountofsomethingthatisavailabletobeused;food,clothes,andthingsnecessaryfordailylifeorforaparticularpurpose供应(量)；补给(品)

vt.toprovidepeoplewithsomethingthattheyneedorwant,especiallyregularlyoveralongperiodoftime供应；供给egThenation’sfuelsupplieswillnotlastforever.Paintfortheprojectwassuppliedbythecity.

Supplieswerebroughtinbyair.(翻译)这个国家的燃料供应不会无穷无尽。用于这个项目的油漆由市里提供。

补给品通过空运送到了。provide,offer,supplyprovide提供所需物，生活必需品。providesth.forsb.

/providesb.withsth.

offer提供帮助、服务或向往之物。常接动词不定式作宾语，或双宾语。offersth.tosb.supply供给所需或所要求之物，范围更广。supplysb.withsth.

/supplysth.to/forsb.。【语境应用】provide/offer/supply完成句子。1)Anna’sschool________heraverygoodchancelastyear.2)Canyou________fifteenroomsforthirtypeople?3)Theywerearrestedfor________________streetdealers.

他们因向街头毒品贩子提供毒品而被逮捕。offeredprovidesupplyingdrugsto2.She’sfeedingthebabywhosurvived

theearthquake.survive

vt.

tocontinuetolivenormallyinspiteofmanyproblems幸存；艰难度过vi.

tocontinuetoliveafteranaccident,war,orillness生存；存活survivorn.

幸存者survivaln.

残存，生还，生存surviveon依靠……生存下来survivesth.幸免于；从……中挺过来egIcan’tsurviveon$40aweek.Forafewyears,thebuildingsurvivedas

ashelterforthehomeless.Theluckygirlsurvivedthebigearthquake.Jimwasasurvivoroftheaccident,buthe

losthisleftleg.Thesurvivaloftheboyisuncertain;heis

badlyhurtandmaydie.【语境应用】完成句子。Themanwastheonly________(幸存者)who_____________________(在地震中幸存).Hetoldushe______________(靠……生存)abottleofmineralwater.Everyonesaidhis________(幸存)wasawonder.survivorsurvivedtheearthquakehadsurvivedonsurvivalAfterall,noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrights____________(survive).tosurvive定语从句是在复合句中起定语作用，修饰名词、代词或整个主句的从句。被定语从句修饰的词是先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose等)和关系副词(where,when,why)。关系词在定语从句中的作用：①连接主句和定语从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中充当一定的成分。定语从句用who,whom,which或that完成下列句子。1.It’sabook_________introduceshowtocook.2.Therearemanyvolunteers_________arehelpingthepoorchildren.3.Thisisthebike__________mybrothergavemeformybirthday.4.Thegirl_________isstandingunderthetreeismylittlesister.that/whichwho/thatthat/whichwho/that5.Thewoman______________youmetyesterdayismyaunt.6.Bruce,thereissomeoneoutside__________wouldliketoseeyou.7.Doyouknowtheboy_________threwthestoneatthewindow?8.Iamlookingforthebackpack__________Iboughtyesterday.whom/who/thatwho/thatwho/thatthat/whichWriteashortpassageof7sentencestodescribetherescueworkafterthenaturaldisaster.

Atleast5restrictiverelativeclausesmustbeused.ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤA级必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Knowingwhatnottodoinane

isasimportantasknowingwhattodo.

2.Peoplewereevacuatedfromthecoastalregionsinadvanceofthe

(飓风).

3.Thesmallmountainousvillagewasrecentlyvisitedbyaseriousvolcanice

.

4.Morewindp

stationswillspringuptomeetthedemandforcleanenergy.

emergency

hurricane

eruption

powerⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ5.Withtheaidofpeoplefromthewholecountry,wekeptc

inthefaceofthedisaster.

6.Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,assuch,theonlywayforustos

istoliveinharmonywithnature.

calm

surviveⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅡ.短语填空

putup,stayawayfrom,wakeup,prevent...from,becoveredwith,indanger,onhand,holdonto1.Whenshe

,MrsBrownfoundherselfinhospital.

2.They

goingonholidaybytheirlackofmoneylastyear.

3.About70percentofthesurfaceoftheearth

water.

wokeup

werepreventedfrom

iscoveredwithⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ4.Whenthedamwas

,thewholevillagerushedouttorepairit.

5.Amonumentwas

overtheplaceinmemoryofthoseheroes.

6.Thedoctortoldhimto

suchfoodsanddrinkstoloseweight.

7.Ihappenedtohavesomemoney

,soIboughttwocopiesofthebook.

8.Theboy

thebushuntilsomeoneclimbeddowntheclifftorescuehim.

indanger

putup

stayawayfrom

onhand

heldontoⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅢ.用适当的关系代词填空1.InancientChinalivedanartist

paintingswerealmostlifelike.

2.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingnovels

Ihaveeverread.

3.Weputupaboardinthepark

remindedpeopletoprotectthetrees.

4.Actually,heisanhonestandreliableperson

youcandependon.

5.Mysisterwantstoworkinthepowerplant

isstillbeingbuilt.

whose

that

which/that

who/whom/that

which/that

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ6.Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose

aretotallyengagedinacademiclife.

7.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm

wevisitedthreemonthsago?

8.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything

happenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.

who/that

that/which

thatⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤB级能力素养提升练Ⅳ.阅读理解Atornadoisadisaster;thedeathanddamageitmayleavebehindisheartbreaking.Andwhilethearrivalofahurricaneisknowninadvancebydaysofwarning,tornadoesstrikesuddenly.Thoseinthepathofatornadomayhave15minutes’warning,ifthathappens.Thatmakessafetymeasuresfortornadoesimportantforsurvival.Whatcanyoudotoprotectyourfamilyfromsomethinglikethat?ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤBefore

a

storm•Ifyouliveinanareawheretornadoesoftenstrike,considerbuildingasaferoominyourhomeormakeabedroomorbathroomstrongenough.•Packanemergencykit(应急箱)thatwillmeettheneedsofyouandyourfamilyforthreedays.Youshouldputfoodandwaterforthreedays,batteries,afirst-aidkit,localmapsandtoiletpaperinanemergencykit.Otherthingstoconsiderincludesleepingbagsorblankets,books,puzzlesandgamesforchildren.•Payspecialattentiontoweather.Lookforthefollowingdangersigns:dark,greenishsky,alarge,darkcloud,loudnoise.ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤSafety

measures

during

a

storm•Inapublicbuilding,gotoashelterareasuchasasaferoom,abasementorthelowestbuildinglevel.•Ifyou’reinamobilehome,getoutquicklyandgotothelowestfloorofanearbybuildingorastormshelter.•Ifcaughtintheopen,liedowninalowerareaandcoveryourheadwithyourhands.ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤSafety

measures

after

a

storm•Payattentiontothedangercreatedbythetornadosuchasbrokenglassandbrokenelectricalwire(电线).Thesearealldangerous.•Checkforinjuries,butdon’ttrytomovesomeonewhoisseriouslyinjuredunlessthatpersonisinimmediatedangerofdeathorfurtherinjury.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在龙卷风到来之前、龙卷风发生时以及龙卷风过后要注意的安全问题和急救措施。ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ1.Whydoestheauthorspeakofahurricane?A.Tomakethetopicmoreattractive.B.Tointroducemorenaturaldisasters.C.Tostressahurricanealsocausesdamage.D.Toshowitisimportanttoprepareforatornado.答案D

解析

推理判断题。根据第一段可知,飓风在到来前会提前几天就有预警,而龙卷风是突然发生的,这使人们对龙卷风提前做好应急准备非常重要,由此推断提到飓风的目的是为了说明龙卷风更难提前为之做好准备。ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ2.Whatshouldbeputinyouremergencykit?A.Apencil.

B.Aworldmap.C.Abattery. D.Aphonecard.答案C

解析

细节理解题。根据Before

a

storm部分第二条可知,应急箱里面要放入水、食物以及备用电池等。ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ3.Whatshouldpeopledowhenatornadostrikes?A.Staystillwhenintheoffice.B.Leaveamobilehouseatonce.C.Coveryourearsifintheopenair.D.Prepareanemergencykit.答案B

解析

细节理解题。根据Safety

measures

during

a

storm部分第二条中的“If

you’re

in

a

mobile

home,get

out

quickly”可知,龙卷风发生的时候要立即离开活动的房屋。ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Safetymeasuresfortornadoes.B.Somedangersignsoftornadoes.C.Thedamagecausedbytornadoes.D.Theimportanceofashelterintornadoes.答案A

解析

主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了人们在龙卷风到来之前、龙卷风发生时以及龙卷风过后要注意的安全问题和急救措施,所以A项“针对龙卷风的安全措施”能概括全文内容。ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅤ.完形填空Thedaybeforemydaughter’ssixthbirthday,theentirefamilywasbusypackingpresents.I

1

mylittleprincessthatIwouldwakeherupearlythenextmorningandhandoutthepresentstoher

2

.

Iwokeupat5:30.Aftertakinga

3

,Iplannedtowakeherup,butasIcameoutfromthebathroom,Irealisedthatanearthquake

4

.Iscreamedtowakemyhusbandandmydaughterup.Werushedoutofourhouse.Outsidewewatchedourhouse

5

.Itlastedfor3minutes.Thehousesurvivedbutsome

6

appearedinthewalls.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤDespitethe

7

earthquake,Iwenttomydaughter’sschoolat8:00asplannedbutnoonewasthereexcepttheteacher,who

8

metogobackasatsunamimightcomesoon.OnthewayhomeIheardapolicemancryoutloud,“Stay

9

!Notsunami!”

Athome,I

10

aboutthepresents:towhomshouldwedeliverthem?Aftersomediscussionwithmyfamily,Idecidedtogivethemtothechildreninanearby

11

.Upongettingthere,Iwasreallyshocked.Therewerehundredsofinjuredpeoplewaitingfortreatment.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤAboy

12

withabandageonhishead.Helookedatmewithhis

13

eyesasifasking,“CouldIhaveone?”

14

Ihandedoveronepresenttohim.Hetookithappilyandrantohismom,shouting,“Mommy...atoycar!”NeverwouldIforgethisshiningeyes!Iwashappythatourpresentscouldbringalittle

15

tothosesufferingfromadisaster.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ1.A.liedto B.promisedC.explainedto D.reminded2.A.editors B.neighboursC.teachers D.classmates3.A.shower B.hikeC.break D.jog4.A.continued B.stoppedC.struck D.disappeared5.A.shaking B.fallingapartC.movingoff D.revivingⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ6.A.cracks B.flashesC.sources D.errors7.A.extra B.awkwardC.unexpected D.unique8.A.begged B.invitedC.allowed D.warned9.A.alarmed B.calmC.curious D.amazed10.A.worried B.wonderedC.dreamed D.complainedⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ11.A.school B.churchC.hospital D.garden12.A.signedup B