汽车英语-第五版-Unit 1 Introduction to Cars

汽车英语（第五版）AutomobileEnglishUnit1

IntroductiontoCarsUnit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsCarsoftodayhavedevelopedintomanydifferentbodystylesbefittingtheirvarieduses.Someofthesestylesarelistedbelow.Three-doorhatchbackcar,four-doorcar,five-doorhatchbackcar,two-doorhardtopandtwo-doorsofttopcars,four-doorhardtopsedan,stationwagon,pickup,vanandoff-roadsportcars.Thebeststyleforyoudependsontheusetowhichyou’llputthecar,whereyoulive,theamountofdrivingyoudo,yourfinancialresources,andyourpersonaltastes.Themostcommonfamilyautomobilesaredividedintomanystylesandareavailableinfourbasicsizes:subcompact,compact,intermediate,andfull-size.Unit1IntroductiontoCarsSubcompactsCarsofthissizeoftenhavethelowestoriginalcostanddeliverthebestfueleconomy.Subcompactsgenerallyprovidethebesthandlingandeasiestmaneuveringandparking.Moreover,duetotheirshorterwheelbase(distancefromcenteroffrontwheeltocenterofrearwheel)andtheirlighterweight,subcompactsgiveasomewhatfirmerride,whichsomepeopleprefer.Subcompactshavethree,fourorfivedoorsandaredesignedtoseatfourpassengerscomfortably.Currentsubcompacthatchbacksarenomorethan4,000mmlong.Infact,manypeoplefindthemselvescrowdedinsideasubcompact,especiallysometimesintheminusculebackseats.Despitetheirimpressivegasmileagefigures,however,subcompactoverallmaintenancecostcansometimesrunhigherthantheirlargercounterparts.Thisisduepartlytotheoftencrampedquartersinwhichenginepartsareinstalled.Repairingpartscostmore,too,particularlyfortheimportedcars.PassageAKindsofCarsUnit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsExamplesofsubcompactcars:Ford:Fiesta(Figure1-1),3,970mm;Nissan:Micra(Figure1-2),3,779mm;BYD:F0(Figure1-3),3,460mm;Chery:QQ(Figure1-4),3,564mm.Figure1-1Ford:FiestaFigure1-2Nissan:MicraFigure1-3

BYD:F0Figure1-4Chery:QQUnit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsCompactsThesemodelsarealittlelargerthansubcompacts.Theygiveadditionalroominthefrontandrearseatsaswellasaddedcrash-protectionforpassengers.Originalcostissomewhathigherthanthatforthesubcompacts.Fueleconomyiscomparableandmaintenanceaccessiseasier.Theirsomewhatroomiernatureandbetterrideoftenmakecompactsthechoiceoftheeconomy-mindeddriver.Compactsarearound4,200mmlonginthecaseofhatchbacksand4,600mminthecaseoffour-doorcars.Compactshaveroomforfiveadultsandusuallyhaveafour-cylinderengine.Unit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsExamplesofcompactcars:Ford:Focus(Figure1-5),4,480mm;Toyota:Corolla(Figure1-6),4,555mm;FAW-Volkswagen:Sagitar(Figure1-7),4,644mm;FAW-Volkswagen:Golf7(Figure1-8),4,255mm.Figure1-5Ford:FocusFigure1-6Toyota:CorollaFigure1-7Volkswagen:SagitarFigure1-8

FAW-Volkswagen:Golf7Unit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsIntermediatesAlsocalledmid-sizedcars,intermediatesprovidewhatmanyconsidertobethebesttrade-offbetweeneconomyandcomfort.Parkingmaneuverabilityandfueleconomyaresuperiortothefull-sizemodels,whilemaintenanceaccess,roominessandlong-tripcomfortarebetterthanthoseofthecompactsandsubcompacts.Intermediateshaveroomforfiveadultsandalargetrunk(boot).Enginesaremorepowerfulthancompactcars’andsix-cylinderenginesaremorecommonthaninsmallercars.Carsizesvaryfromregiontoregion;inEurope,largefamilycarsarerarelyover4,700mmlong,whileinNorthAmericatheymaybewellover4,800mm.Examplesofintermediatecars:Toyota:Camry(Figure1-9),4,825mm;FAW:BesturnB90(Figure1-10),4,860mm;FAW-Volkswagen:Magotan(Figure1-11),4,865mmandVolvo:S60(Figure1-12),4,715mm.Unit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsExamplesofintermediatecars:Figure1-9Toyota:CameryFigure1-10FAW:BesturnB90Figure1-11FAW-Volkswagen:MagotanFigure1-12Volvo:S60Unit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsFull-sizesAfull-sizeistypicallyafour-doorcar.Thesecarsarethemostpowerful,witheight-ortwelve-cylinderengines,so-calledgasguzzlersandhavemorefacilitiesthansmallermodels.Interiorroominessmakesthemthemostcomfortablecarsforlongtrips.They’restillreadilyavailableinthenewcarmarketplace.Full-sizecarsmaybewellover5,000mmlongandaretheroomiestvehicles.Examplesoffull-sizecars:FAW:HongqiH7(Figure1-13),5,095mm;Volkswagen:AudiA8(Figure1-14),5,267mm;BMW7Series(Figure1-15),5,223mm;MercedesBenzS-Class(Figure1-16),5,250mm.Unit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageAKindsofCarsExamplesoffull-sizecars：Figure1-13FAW:HongqiH7Figure1-14Volkswagen:AudiA8Figure1-15BMW7SeriesFigure1-16MercedesBenzS-ClassUnit1IntroductiontoCarsNotes1.Thebeststyleforyoudependsontheusetowhichyou’llputthecar,whereyoulive,theamountofdrivingyoudo,yourfinancialresources,andyourpersonaltastes.本句为定语从句，由which引导，修饰先行词theuse。此句译为：最适合你的车取决于车的用途，你的居住地、用车次数、经济实力及个人品位。2.Parkingmaneuverabilityandfueleconomyaresuperiortothefull-sizemodels,whilemaintenanceaccess,roominessandlong-tripcomfortarebetterthanthoseofthecompactsandsubcompacts.本句为并列句，while为并列连词；those指代maintenanceaccess,roominessandlong-tripcomfort。此句译为：停放操纵性以及燃油经济性要优于大型轿车，而维修的便利性、车内宽敞度和长途旅行舒适性要优于紧凑型轿车和微型轿车。3.Thesecarsarethemostpowerful,witheight-ortwelve-cylinderengines,so-calledgasguzzlersandhavemorefacilitiesthansmallermodels.全句为简单句。此句中smallermodels指小型轿车。此句译为：这些轿车装有8缸或12缸发动机，动力最强劲，俗称“油老虎”，并且配置要比小型轿车更齐全。Unit1IntroductiontoCarsNewWordsbefit[bi'fit]v.适合，适宜，适应varied['vɛərid]a.各种各样的hatchback['hætʃ'bæk]n.有仓门式后背的汽车，掀背式轿车，揭背式sedan[si'dæn]n.（美）轿车pickup['pikʌp]n.皮卡，小卡车financial[fai'nænʃəl]a.金融的，财政的subcompact['sʌb'kɔmpækt]n.微型轿车compact['kɔmpækt]a.紧凑的，紧密的，简洁的

n.紧凑型汽车intermediate[intə'mi:diət]a.中级的，中间的

n.中型轿车full-size['ful'saiz]a.全长的

n.大型汽车maneuvering[mə'nu:vəriŋ]n.操纵Unit1IntroductiontoCarsNewWordswheelbase['wi:lbeis]n.前后轮之车轮轴距离，轴距minuscule[mi'nʌskju:l]a.微小的，狭小的counterpart['kauntəpɑ:t]n.相似之物cramped[kræmpt]a.狭窄的，拥挤的crash-protection[kræʃprə'tekʃən]n.防撞击装置trade-off[treidɔ:f]n.权衡，取舍comparable['kɔmpərəbl]a.可比较的，比得上的roominess['ru:minis]n.宽敞，广阔trunk[trʌŋk]n.（汽车后部）行李箱boot[bu:t]n.[英]汽车行李箱choice[tʃɔis]a.上等的，精选的

n.选择guzzler['gʌzlə]n.油老虎interior[in'tiəriə]a.内部的readily['redili]ad.迅速地，轻易地Unit1IntroductiontoCarsPhrasesandExpressionssofttop软顶敞篷车stationwagon小旅行车，旅行车，旅行轿车originalcost原始成本，原价，原值gasmileage一加仑汽油所行驶的里程，耗油量maintenancecost维修费用，维修成本，保养费besuperiorto比……更优越，优于，胜过maintenanceaccess维修渠道four-cylinderengine4缸发动机Chery奇瑞，奇瑞汽车Toyota丰田，丰田汽车FAW一汽Ford福特，福特公司，福特汽车Nissan尼桑，日产汽车，日产Volkswagen大众，大众汽车，大众汽车公司Unit1IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE1Matchthewordorphrasewiththemaintenancetool.—1——2——3—

—4——5—

—6—A.PlumWrench

B.Socket

C.CrossWrench

D.SlidingHandleE.Open-endWrench

F.SocketWrenchCAEFBDUnit1IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE2TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglish.1.stationwagon ________________2.

维修渠道3.mid-sizedcars

_____________4.

一加仑汽油所行驶的里程5.originalcost

_________

_

6.

燃油经济性7.afour-doorcar

_________

_

8.

4缸发动机小旅行车maintenanceaccess中型轿车gasmileage原始成本fueleconomy4门轿车4-cylinderengineUnit1IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE3Thefollowingaresomeexpressionsforthefamousbrands.MatchthefollowingbrandsinColumnAwiththeirChineseequivalentsinColumnB.AB1.A.

Infiniti2.B.Jaguar3.C.KiaEFAUnit1IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE34.D.Lada5.E.

Hummer6.F.

Hyundai7.G.

LamborghiniHBJCUnit1IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE38.H.JMC9.I.Lancia10.J.

JeepDGIUnit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageBTypesofElectricVehiclesNowadaysElectricVehicle(EV)isbeingincreasinglypaidattentionforeco-driving.Therearesometypesofelectricvehicleinaccordingtothedegreethatelectricityisusedastheirenergysourceasfollows.HybridElectricVehicle(HEV)HEVispoweredbybothpetrolandelectricity.That’stosay,HEVhastwopowerdrivedevices:oneisinternalcombustionengineandtheotheriselectricmotor.Nowadays,HEVhasthreetypesaccordingtothestructure:serieshybridelectricvehicle,parallelhybridelectricvehicleandseries-parallelhybridelectricvehicle.Inserieshybrid,theengineoperatesthegeneratortoproduceelectricenergydeliveredtothebatteryandtheelectricmotorwhichdrivesthewheelsthroughtheinvertor.Theengineneverdrivesthecardirectly,seeFigure1-17(a).Unit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageBTypesofElectricVehiclesInparallelhybrid,bothengineandelectricmotorcandrivethewheelstogetherastheloadandspeedrise;andduringcruising,onlytheenginedrivethecarandtheelectricmotorworksasageneratortorechargethebattery,seeFigure1-17(b).Inseries-parallelhybrid,thebenefitsofbothseriesandparallelarecombinedtogether.Dependingondrivingconditions,theengineandtheelectricmotorcanworktogetherwhentheloadandspeedincrease.Theelectricmotoralonecandrivethecaratlowloadsandlowspeed,seeFigure1-17(c).

SomeofHEVareequippedwithahigh-capacitybatterypackandcanberechargeddirectlyfromhouseholdelectricityorachargingpileinpublicplacebypluggingintoanelectricoutlet.Wecallitplug-inhybridelectricvehicle(PHEV).Asanall-electricvehicle,PHEVcanrunonbatterypowerwithouttailpipeemissions.Asahybridvehicle,PHEValsocanusetheengineandtheelectricmotortoworktogetherforalongtrip,seeFigure1-17(d).Unit1IntroductiontoCarsPassageBTypesofElectricVehicles

Figure1-17

HybridElectricVehicleUnit1IntroductiontoCarsAlltypesofHEV,includingPHEV,haveacommonfeature-theregenerativebrakingfeature.Itisanenergyrecoverymechanismwhichcollectsthewastedenergyduringbrakingandconvertsitintoelectricitydeliveredtothebatteryforlateruse.BatteryElectricVehicle(BEV)Batteryelectricvehicle,knownas“all-electricvehicle”,iswhollydrivenbyanelectricmotor,poweredbyabatterythatcanberechargedbypluggingintotheexternaloutlets.BEVdoesnothaveanengine,fueltankorexhaustpipe,seeFigure1-18.Aspureelectricvehicle,BEVreliesentirelyonelectricityasfuelanditdoesnotproduceanytailpipeemissions.Atpresent,mostofthesevehiclesonthemarkettypicallyofferarangeofaround100miles,thoughmanyoffermore.Figure1-18PassageBTypesofElectricVehiclesUnit1IntroductiontoCarsFuelCellElectricVehicle(FCEV)Thenextelectriccarisfuelcellelectricvehicle(FCEV).FCEVmainlyuseshydrogenasfuelsourcetodriveacar.Itsmajorcomponentsincludehydrogentanksthatstorehydrogengas;fuelcellstackthatconvertshydrogenandoxygenintoelectricity;electrictractionmotorthatismainlyusedtodrivesthecar;batterypackthatstoreselectricityfromregenerativebrakingandprovidesadditionalelectricpowertotheelectricmotor;powercontrolunitthatcontrolstheflowofelectricity;fuelcellconverterthatconvertsACtoDC,seeFigure1-19(a).HowFCEVworks:Itmixeshydrogenfromthehydrogentankwithoxygenfromtheairtocreateachemicalreactioninthefuelcellstack,asaresult,producingelectricitythatisdeliveredtotheelectricmotortomovethecar,ontheotherhandalsoproducingwatervaporthatisemittedfromtailpipewithoutemissionpollutants,seeFigure1-19(b).PassageBTypesofElectricVehiclesFigure1-19FCEVStructureandworkingprincipleUnit1IntroductiontoCarsNewWordseco-driving['iko'draɪvɪŋ]n.环保驾驶，绿色驾驶hybrid['haɪbrɪd]a.混合的，杂种的

n.混合动力汽车device[dɪ'vaɪs]n.装置、设备generator['dʒenəreɪtə]n.发电机invertor[ɪn'vɜːtə]n.逆变器recharge[riː'tʃɑːdʒ]vt.再充电cruising['kruːzɪŋ]n.巡航high-capacity[haɪ[kə'pæsɪt]n.高容量plug-in['plʌɡin]n.插电式tailpipe['teɪlpaɪp]n.排气管emission[ɪ'mɪʃn]n.排放Unit1IntroductiontoCarsNewWordsregenerative[rɪ'dʒenrətɪv]a.再生的external[ɪk'stɜːnl]a.外部的outlet['aʊtlet]n.电源插座，出口，出路，通风口range[reɪndʒ]n.续航里程hydrogen['haɪdrədʒn]n.氢气oxygen['ɒksɪdʒn]n.氧气Unit1IntroductiontoCarsPhrasesandExpressionsserieshybridelectricvehicle串联混合动力汽车parallelhybridelectricvehicle并联混合动力汽车series-parallelhybridelectricvehicle串并联混合动力汽车plug-inhybridelectricelectricvehicle插电式混合动力汽车energyrecovery能量回收fuelcellstack燃料电池堆Unit1IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE4Abbreviationsareveryusefulinpracticalwork.DoyouknowthefollowingEnglishabbreviationsyouoftencomeacrossinhandlingautomotivematerials?ReadthemandthentranslatethemintocorrespondingChineseterms.1.VTEC VariableValveTimingandLiftElectronicControl ______________2.TDC TopDeadCenter

______________3.RPM RevolutionsPerMinute

______________4.BDC BottomDeadCenter

______________

可变气门相位和升程电子控制装置上止点每分钟转数下止点Unit1IntroductiontoCarsThefollowingistheanatomyofanautomobile.Sample

Unit1IntroductiontoCarsThefollowingistheanatomyofanautomobile.Sample

EnglishTermsExplanationsChinese1.AutomobileRoadvehiclethatismotor-drivenandisusedfortransportingpeople汽车2.TrunkPlaceforstoringbaggage行李箱3.TaillightRearlight尾灯4.SparewheelWheelofacarusedtoreplaceadamagedwheel备用轮胎5.WheelRoundobjectthatturnsaroundacentralaxelandallowsthecartoadvance车轮6.TransmissionAutomobileapparatusthattransmitsmechanicalpowertothewheels变速器Unit1IntroductiontoCars7.MufflerDeviceusedtoreduceenginenoise消声器8.DriveshaftAxelonwhichmechanicalpoweristransmittedtothewheels传动轴9.BodysidemoldingDecorativemoldingonthesideofacar车身侧部装饰条10.DiskbrakeMechanismthatslowsandstopsacarbyfriction,bypressingadiskagainsttheaxelofawheel盘式制动器11.OilfilterDevicethatremovesimpuritiesfromoilpassingthroughit机油滤清器12.AlternatorGeneratorthatproducesanalternatingcurrent交流发电机13.RadiatorApparatusthatcoolsthemotor散热器14.DistributorCasethatisusedtofirethecylinders分电器Unit1IntroductiontoCars15.BatteryDevicethatgenerateselectriccurrent蓄电池16.AirfilterDevicethatremoveimpuritiesfromairpassingthroughit空气滤清器17.WindshieldwasherDeviceusedtocleanthewindows风窗玻璃清洗器18.SteeringwheelDeviceusedtohandleacarinconjunctionwithsteeringandgearsystems转向盘19.WindshieldwiperMovabledevice,madepartlyofrubber,thatwipesthewindshieldandrearwindowofacar风窗玻璃刮水器20.SeatTypeofarmchairinthepassengercompartmentofacar座椅21.WindowframeBorderaroundawindow窗框22.RearviewmirrorInsidemirrorusedforlookingbackward后视镜Unit1IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE5WritedownthenameofthepartsinEnglishaccordingtothefigurebelow.Diskbrake

Radiator

Steeringwheel

Wheel

TaillightDriveshaft

Trunk

Rearviewmirror

Seat

EngineUnit1IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE5WritedownthenameofthepartsinEnglishaccordingtothefigurebelow.1.________________________2.______________________3.________________________4.______________________5.________________________6.______________________7.________________________8.______________________9.________________________10._______________________radiatordriveshafttaillightseatsteeringwheeldiskbrakewheeltrunkrearviewmirrorengineUnit1IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE6Thefollowingishowtochangeatire.Afterreading,youarerequiredtochoosethesuitabletermsgivenbelow.A:Takeoutthesparetireandthejack

B:Locateaflatsurface

C:LowerthecarbackD:Loosenthelugnuts

E:Tightenthelugnuts

F:InstallthesparetireG:RemovethenutstherestofthewayandpullthewheeloffUnit1IntroductiontoCarsEXERCISE61.B2.D3.A4.G5.F6.C7.EUnit1IntroductiontoCarsHaveaTryTroubleshootingGuideUsingaPublicChargingStationStep1

Step2

Downloadachargingstationmaporappforwhenyou’retraveling.Findachargingplugcompatiblewithyourvehicle.Unit1IntroductiontoCarsStep3

Step4

Signupforamembershipifitisrequiredtoaccessthecharger.

Expecttopaytouseachargingstation.Step5

Plugthechargercordintoyourcarwhenyou’rereadytouseastation.

Unit1IntroductiontoCarsExercise7Choosethebestanswer.SelectingaTypeofChargerStep1

Step2

在家可使用120伏的插座给汽车缓慢充电。找一个240V充电器，这样可更快地给汽车充电。Unit1IntroductiontoCarsExercise7Step3

Step4

把车插到480V充电桩上，可获得最快充电速度。每次出行后都要给车充电，确保电池充满电。Step5