汽车英语-第五版 课件 Unit 6 Introduction to Brake System-Unit 10 Electric Vehicles

汽车英语（第五版）AutomobileEnglishUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemPassageABrakeSystem(I)Thebrakesystemisthemostimportantsystemincars.Ifthebrakesdon’tworkeffectively,theresultcanbedisastrous.Sogoodbrakesareessentialforsafety.Therearetwocompletelyindependentbrakesystems.Oneisservicebrakingsystem,whichmakesamovingcaronroadslowdownorstop.Theotherisparkingbrakingsystem,whichkeepsanunateendedcarstationaryandpreventsitfromsliding.Thetypicalbrakesystemconsistsofdiskbrakesinfrontandeitherdiskordrumbrakesintherearconnectedbyasystemoftubesandhosesthatlinkthebrakeateachwheeltothemastercylinder,seefigure6-1.Figure6-1BrakeSystemUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemPassageABrakeSystem(I)DiskBrakeThediskbrakeisthebestbrakewehavefoundsofar,andisfastreplacingdrumbrakeontherearwheelsofmoderncars.Thefunctionistocausetwofrictionpadstopressoneithersideofadiskrotatingalongwiththewheel.Thegreatestadvantageofdiskbrakesisthattheyprovidesignificantlybetterresistanceto“brakefade”comparedwithdrumbrakes.Themaincomponentsofadiskbrakearediskwhichismountedtothehub,twobrakepads,andbrakecaliper(whichcontainsapiston),seefigure6-2.Figure6-2DiskBrakeUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemPassageABrakeSystem(I)Abrakediskusuallyismadeofcastironwithhighlymachinedsurfaceswherethebrakepadscontactit,seeFigure6-3.Therearetwobrakepads(Fingure6-4)thataremountedinthebrakecaliper,oneoneachsideofdisk.Thebrakeliningusedtobemadeprimarilyofasbestosbecauseofitsheatabsorbingpropertiesandquietoperation.Asbestos,however,hasbeenoutlawedduetohealthrisk,sonewmaterialsarebeingused.Figure6-3BrakeDisksFigure6-4BrakePadswithLiningUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemPassageABrakeSystem(I)Therearetwomaintypesofbrakecalipers:floatingcalipersandfixedcalipers.Thesingle-pistonfloatingbrakecaliperisself-centeringandself-adjusting.Thebrakecaliperisabletoslidefromsidetosidesoitwillmovetothecentereachtimethebrakesareapplied.Also,sincethereisnospringtopullthepadsawayfromthedisk,thepadsalwaysstayinlightcontactwiththedisk,seeFigure6-5(a).Two-piston-floatingbrakecaliperisfoundonmoreexpensivecarsandcanprovideanimprovedbraking“feel”,seeFigure6-5(b).Figure6-5BrakeCalipersUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemPassageABrakeSystem(I)Four-pistonfixedbrakecaliper[Figure6-5(c)]ismountedrigidlytothesupportandisnotallowedtomove.Instead,therearetwopistonsoneachsidethatpressthepadsagainstthedisk.Four-pistonfixedbrakecaliperhasabetterfeelandismoreefficient,butmakesthecarmoreexpensiveinpurchasingandmaintenance.Thistypeofbrakecaliperisusuallyfoundonluxuryandhighperformancecars.Figure6-5BrakeCalipers(Continued)Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemPassageABrakeSystem(I)DrumBrakeDrumbrakeisbecominglesscommontodayandonlyshowsupontherearofsomedomesticautomobiles,includingeconomycarsandmini-vans.Thedrumbrake(Figure6-6)includesonewheelcylinder,twobrakeshoes,somereturnspringsmountedonafixedbackplate,andabrakedrummountedonanaxlewhichrotatesalongwiththewheel.Thedrumbrakealsohasanadjustermechanism,anemergencybrakemechanismandlotsofsprings.Figure6-6DrumBrakeUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemPassageABrakeSystem(I)Thecomponentsofadrumbrakearehousedinarounddrumthatrotatesalongwiththewheel.Asteelplateiscalledbackplate(Figure6-7)onwhichawheelcylinder,twobrakeshoesandotherdrumbrakepartsaremounted.Thisplateservesasthebaseforthebrakeshoesandotherdrumbrakehardware.Abrakeshoeisacurvedmetalblockwithliningsonitthataremovedhydraulicallyagainstthebrakedrumtostopitsrotation,seeFigure6-8.Figure6-7BackPlateandBrakeDrumFigure6-8BrakeShoesUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemPassageABrakeSystem(I)Awheelcylinder(Figure6-9)isacomponentinadrumbrakesystem.Itislocatedineachwheelandisusuallyatthetop,abovetheshoes.Itsresponsibilityistoexertforceontotheshoessotheycancontactthedrumandstopthemovingcarwithfriction.Anemergencybrakeisaspecializedindependentbrakingsystemforadrivertouseinanemergency.Theemergencybrakeisalsousedasaparkingbraketopreventacarfromrollingwhenitisstoppedonahill,becauseitismechanicallyoperatedbyacablesystem,ratherthanahydraulicone.Itisanimportantpartofthesafetysystemsforacar,andcanmakeasignificantdifferenceinsomeemergencysituations.Figure6-9WheelCylinderNotes1.Thediskbrakeisthebestbrakewehavefoundsofar,andisfastreplacingdrumbrakeontherearwheelsofmoderncars.本句为定语从句。句中省略了“that”，wehavefoundsofar是定语,用来修饰thebestbrake。本句可译为：盘式制动器是目前的最佳制动器，正在迅速取代后轮鼓式制动器。2.Also,sincethereisnospringtopullthepadsawayfromthedisk,thepadsalwaysstayinlightcontactwiththedisk.全句为原因状语从句。本句中spring指的是returnspring，译为“回位弹簧”。本句可译为：而且，因为没有回位弹簧使制动摩擦片脱离制动盘，所以制动摩擦片始终与制动盘保持轻微接触。Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemNotes3.Thedrumbrakeincludesonewheelcylinder,twobrakeshoes,somereturnspringsmountedonafixedbackplate,andabrakedrummountedonanaxlewhichrotatesalongwiththewheel.全句为非限制性定语从句。which部分修饰abrakedrummountedonanaxle。本句中两处mountedon均为动词的过去分词,作后置定语修饰前面的名词。本句译为：鼓式制动器有一个轮缸、两个制动蹄和一些固定在制动底板上的回位弹簧，还包括一个固定在车轴上的制动鼓，随着车轮转动。Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemNewWordseffectively[i'fektivli]ad.有效地，有成效地disastrous[di'zɑ:strəs]a.灾难性的，灾情惨重的，损失惨重的essential[i'senəl]a.必要的，重要的,必不可少的unattended[ˌʌnəˈtendɪd]a.无人照看的tube['tju:b]n.管子，管道hose[həuz]n.橡皮软管advantage[ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ]n.优势，优点，有利条件hub[hʌb]n.毂，轮毂caliper['kæləpə]n.钳primarily['praimərili]ad.主要地absorb[əbˈzɔːb]v.吸收，吸附property[ˈprɒpəti]n.性质Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemNewWordsasbestos[æsˈbestɒs]n.石棉outlaw[ˈaʊtlɔː]v.使……失去法律保护，宣告非法self-centering[selfˈsentərɪŋ]a.自动定心的self-adjusting[selfəˈdʒʌstɪŋ]a.自动调整的efficient[ɪˈfɪʃ(ə)nta.效率高的，有能力的assembly[ə'sembli]n.装配，总成adjuster[əˈdʒʌstə(r)]n.调节器，调整机构hardware[ˈhɑːdweə(r)]n.硬件lining['lainiŋ]n.衬片responsibility[rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti]n.责任，职责exert[ig'zə:t]v.施加（压力）specialized[ˈspeʃəlaɪzd]a.专门的，专用的Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemPhrasesandExpressionsdiskbrake盘式制动器drumbrake鼓式制动器servicebrakingsystem行车制动系统parkingbrakingsystem驻车制动系统mastercylinder制动主缸，制动缸rearwheel后轮brakefade制动失效brakepad制动摩擦片brakelining制动衬片piston-floatingbrakecaliper活塞浮钳式制动钳brakingfeel制动感Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemPhrasesandExpressionspiston-fixedbrakecaliper活塞定钳式制动钳highperformance高性能，高效能，优越性能brakecaliper制动钳brakeshoe制动蹄，制动蹄片，刹车蹄片backplate背板，背垫板，制动底板brakedrum制动鼓emergencybrake紧急制动，紧急刹车wheelcylinder轮缸parkingbrake驻车制动器，手刹Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemEXERCISE1Matchthewordorphrasewiththemaintenancetool.—1——2——3—

—4——5—

—6—A.Combustion

TesterB.InstallHammerwithWoodenHandleC.Camber

GaugeD.TirePumpE.Engine

ScopeF.Axle

StandBDACFEUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemEXERCISE2TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEnglishAccordingly.1.diskbrake

__________________2._________________ 制动摩擦片3.mastercylinder

__________________

4._________________轮缸5.brakecaliper

__________________

6._________________制动蹄7.brakedrum

__________________

8._________________驻车制动器9.backplate

__________________

10.________________制动衬片

盘式制动器frictionpad制动主缸wheelcylinder制动钳brakeshoe制动鼓handbrake制动底板brakeliningUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemEXERCISE3Thefollowingaresomeexpressionsforthefamousbrands.MatchthefollowingbrandsinColumnAwiththeirEnglishequivalentsinColumnB.Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystem

AB1.A.

Mitsubishi2.B.Nissan3.C.Opel-AgilaDFAEXERCISE3Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystem4.D.Mercury5.E.P.G.O6.F.Mini7.G.PeugeotHBJCEXERCISE3Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystem8.H.Morgan9.I.Pontiac10.J.

NobleEGIPassageBBrakeSystem(II)Thetypicalbrakesystemalsohasthefollowingbasiccomponents:mastercylinder,brakelinesandbrakehoses,andbrakefluid.MasterCylinderThemastercylinderisusuallypower-assistedbytheengine.Atypicalmastercylinder(Figure6-10)hasactuallytwocompletelyseparatemastercylindersinonehousing,eachhandlingtwowheels.Inthisway,ifonesidefails,youwillstillbeabletostopthecar.Amastercylinderismadeupofareservoiroffluid,twopistons,andtwobrakelines.Whenthebrakepedalisdepressed(Figure6-11),thepistonsmovetocreatepressureinthemastercylinder.Thispressurecompressesthefluidevenlythrougheachbrakelineandintothebrakecaliperthatmovesthebrakepadsorintothewheelcylinderthatmovesthebrakeshoes.Incaseoffailureofabrakeline,themastercylinderwillredirecthydraulicpressuretotheremaininglines,therebyavoidingcatastrophicfailureofthebrakes.Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemPassageBBrakeSystem(II)BrakeLinesThebrakefluidtravelsfromthemastercylindertothewheelsthroughthebrakelines(Figure6-12),thatis,aseriesofsteeltubesandreinforcedrubberhoses.Rubberhosesareonlyusedinplacesthatrequireflexibility,suchasatthefrontwheels,whichmoveupanddownaswellassteer.Therestofthesystemusesnon-corrosiveseamlesssteeltubewithspecialfittingsatattachmentpoints.Ifasteellinerequiresarepair,thebestprocedureistoreplacethecompleteline.Ifthisisnotpractical,alinecanberepairedbyusingspecialsplicefittingsthataremadeforbrakesystemrepair.Youmustneverusebrass“compression”fittingsorcoppertubetorepairabrakesystem.Theyaredangerousandillegal.Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemFigure6-10MasterCylinderFigure6-11HowBrakesWorkPassageBBrakeSystem(II)BrakeFluidBrakefluid(Figure6-13)isaspecialkindofoilthathasspecificproperties.Itisdesignedtowithstandcoldtemperaturewithoutthickeningaswellasveryhightemperaturewithoutboiling.(Ifthebrakefluidshouldboil,itwillcauseyoutohaveaspongypedalandthecarwillbehardtostop).Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystem

Figure6-12BrakeLines

Figure6-13BrakeFluidPassageBBrakeSystem(II)Thebrakefluidreservoir(Figure6-14)isontopofthemastercylinder.Mostcarstodayhaveatransparentreservoirsothatyoucanseethelevelwithoutopeningthecover.Thebrakefluidlevelwilldropslightlyasthebrakepadswear.Thisisanormalconditionandnocauseforconcern.Iftheleveldropsnoticeablyoverashortperiodoftimeorgoesdowntoabouttwothirdsfull,haveyourbrakescheckedassoonaspossible.Keepthereservoircoveredexpectfortheamountoftimeyouneedtofillitandneverleaveacanofbrakefluiduncovered.Brakefluidmustmaintainaveryhighboilingpoint.Exposuretoairwillcausethefluidtoabsorbmoisturewhichwilllowerthatboilingpoint..Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystem

Figure6-14BrakeFluidReservoirPassageBBrakeSystem(II)Anti-lockBrakeSystemMostcarstodayareequippedwithanti-lockbrakesystem(ABS).Itisasafetydevicewhichpreventsthewheelsfromlockingandskiddingwhilebraking.ThepurposeofABSistoallowthedrivertofullydepressthebrakepedalwithoutskiddingonwetandslipperyroadunderheavybrakingconditionsandtomakeacarshortenbrakingdistancesandstopinastraightlinewithoutlossofthedirectionalcontrol.Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemDuringnormalbraking,theABSandnon-ABSbrakepedalfeelwillbethesame.DuringABSoperation,apulsationcanbefeltinthebrakepedal,accompaniedbyafallandthenriseinbrakepedalheightandaclickingsound.PassageBBrakeSystem(II)Theanti-lockbrakesystemconsistsofthefollowingcomponents:electroniccontrolunit(ECU),ABSvalveand4wheelsensors,seefigure6-15.TheECUcontinuouslymonitorstherotatingspeedofeachwheeltodetermineifwheelsaregoingtolockup.Itcandetectthisbysensingwheelswhicharerotatingconsiderablyslowerthantheothers.Onceithasdetectedapossiblelockup，theECUmovestheABSreleasevalvestohelprelievethepressurewithinthebrakelines,bydoingsoithelpstoreducethebrakingforceonthetargetedwheel.Followingthat,thewheelthenturnsfasterandwhenitstartsturningtoofast,theforceisreapplied.TheABSsystemdoestheprocessrepeatedly.Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemFigure6-15MainPartsofABSNewWordspower-assisted[,pauərə'sistid]a.助力的compress[kəm'pres]v.压缩evenly['i:vənli]ad.平衡地，均衡地，平等地redirect['ri:di'rekt]v.重新传入，重新寄送，重新导向reinforce[ˌriːɪnˈfɔːs]vt.加强，增援flexibility[ˌfleksəˈbɪləti]n.灵活性，柔韧性，柔软性seamless['si:mlis]a.无缝的non-corrosive['nɔnˌkəˈrəʊsɪv]a.抗腐蚀的，不锈的Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemNewWordsattachment[əˈtætʃmənt]n.连接，连接点thickening['θikəniŋ]n.浓缩，增稠，增浓skidding['skidiŋ]n.滑移，地面上拖行，侧滑滑行slippery['slipəri]a.滑的，光滑的shorten[ˈʃɔːt(ə)n]v.弄短，变短directional[dəˈrekʃənl]a.方向的，指向的，定向的pulsation[pʌlˈseɪʃn]n.脉动，振动sensor['sensə]n.传感器，探测器Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemPhrasesandExpressionsbrakeline制动管路brakehose制动软管，刹车软管brakefluid制动液catastrophicfailure严重故障，灾难性故障specialfitting专用接头heavybrakingconditions紧急制动状态Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemEXERCISE4Abbreviationsareveryusefulinpracticalwork.DoyouknowthefollowingEnglishabbreviationsyouoftencomeacrossinhandlingautomotivematerials?ReadthemandthentranslatethemintocorrespondingChineseterms.1.ABSAnti-lockBrakeSystem_____________2.EBDElectronicBrakeforceDistribution_____________3.ESPElectronicStabilityProgram______________4.TCSTractionControlSystem______________5.EDLElectronicDifferentialLock______________防抱死制动系统电子制动力分配系统电子稳定程序牵引力控制系统电子差速锁Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemThefollowingisthetypesofbrakes..Sample

Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemEnglishTermsExplanationsChinese1.BrakesApparatusesusedtosloworstopamovingvehicleA.制动器2.DrumbrakeMechanismthatslowsandstopsacarbyfriction,bypressingbrakeshoesagainstadrumB.鼓式制动器3.DrumCylindricalpartattachedtothewheel,againstwhichthebrakeshoesarepressedtostopthecarC.轮鼓4.BrakeliningFrictionalpartontheoutsideedgesofthebrakeshoesD.制动衬片5.ReturnspringPartofthebrakemechanismthatreturnsthebrakeshoestotheirinitialpositionE.回位弹簧6.PistonCylindricalpartthattransmitsthepressuretoandreceivespressurefromthebrakeshoesF.活塞Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystem7.WheelcylinderTypeofrollerthatappliesauniformpressuretothewheelthenthebrakeisactivatedG.制动轮缸8.BrakeshoePartonwhichthebrakeliningismountedH.制动蹄9.BrakepadPartactivatedbythepistonI.制动摩擦片10.WheelhubCentralpartcrossedbytheaxelJ.轮毂11.StudMetalpinK.双头螺栓12.DiskRound,flat,pieceofmetal,pressedagainstthewheeltosloworstopthecarL.制动盘13.BrakelineSystemliquid-transportingtubesM.制动管路14.SplashshieldProtectorthatpreventsdirtfromfoulingthebrakingsystemN.防溅板15.DiskbrakeMechanismthatslowsandstopsacarbypressingbrakepadsagainstadiskN.盘式制动器EXERCISE5WritedownthenameofthepartsinEnglishaccordingtothefigurebelow.BrakeliningBrakedrumBleednippleWheelhubShoeadjustmentPistonhousingBackplateMetalpadUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemEXERCISE5WritedownthenameofthepartsinEnglishaccordingtothefigurebelow.1.________________________2.______________________3.________________________4.______________________5.________________________6.______________________7.________________________8.______________________WheelhubPistonhousingBrakedrumBleednippleBackingplateMetalpadBrakeliningmaterialShoeadjustmentUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemEXERCISE6Thefollowingishowtochangeatire.Afterreading,youarerequiredtochoosethesuitabletermsgivenbelow.A:

LoosentheNegativeCableB:StartwiththeBonnetC:RemovetheProtectiveCapsfromtheTerminalPostsD:IdentifyPositiveandNegativeCablesE:LoosenandRemovetheBatteryF:TesttheBatteryCableG:PuttheNewBatteryinPlaceUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemEXERCISE61.B2.D3.A4.E5.G6.C7.FUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemTroubleshootingGuideUnit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemTroubleshootingGuide

Choosethebestanswer.

EXERCISE7Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemHowtoBleedCarBrakesStep1Step2Operation:Removethetopofthemastercylinderreservoir.Operation:Drawouttheoldfluid.Step3Step4Operation:Cleanthereservoir.Operation:Fillthemastercylinderwithcleanbrakefluid.Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemEXERCISE7Step5Step6Operation:Replacethetopofthemastercylinderreservoir.Operation:Pumpthebrakepedalabout15timesthenholdthebrakeswithpressure.Step7Step8Operation:Preparethebleedervalves.Operation:Consultyourmanualtodeterminetheorderofthewheelstobleed.Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemEXERCISE7BleedingEachoftheCarBrakeLinesStep1Step2当你准备启动时，先用千斤顶把车顶用起来。把一块25乘102毫米的木材放在刹车踏板下。Step3Step4把管子一端钩到离油箱最远的轮胎排气螺栓上。把管子的另一端放进一个装有清洁刹车液的罐子里。Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemEXERCISE7Step5Step6让你的助手按住制动器。将排气螺栓向左转¼圈。Step7Step8当滴流停止时，关闭排气阀。让助手松开制动器。Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemEXERCISE7Step9Step10重复此过程，直到新的透明液体从排气管流出。在其他制动器上重复此过程。Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemEXERCISE7Step1________A.Puttheotherendofthetubeintoajarfilledwithcleanbrakefluid.Step2________B.Turnthebleederbolttotheleftonequarter-turn.Step3________C.Jackup

yourcarwhenyou’rereadytostart.Step4________D.Askyourhelpertoreleasethebrake.Step5________E.Puta1by4

in(25by102

mm)pieceoflumberunderthebrakepedal.Step6________F.Repeatthisprocessuntilnew,clearfluidcomesfromthebleedertube.Step7________G.Hookatubetothebleederboltofthetirefurthestfromthereservoir.Step8________H.Haveyourhelperpressandholdthebrake.Step9________I.Repeattheprocessontheotherbrakes.Step10________J.Closethebleedervalvewhenthetricklingstops.CEGAHBJDFIRepairingtheCarSampleDialogue1A:Hello,whatcanIdoforyou?B:Hello,thereissomethingwrongwithmycar.A:What’swrongwithyourcar?B:Thebrakesystemcan’twork.A:Oh,that’sterrible.B:I’dliketohaveitrepaired.A:OK.Letmehavealook.B:Thankyouverymuch.Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystemSampleDialogue2A:Hi,LiTong,whatareyoudoing?B:I’mrepairingthebrakesystem.A:What’swrongwithit?B:Somethingwrongwiththecylinder.A:Oh,Iknowthatthemastercylinderispower-assistedbytheengine.B:Yes.Soit’sveryimportant.A:Howdoyourepairthecylinder?B:Cleanthecylinder.A:That’sgreat.Unit6IntroductiontoBrakeSystem汽车英语（第五版）AutomobileEnglishUnit7SuspensionSystemUnit7SuspensionSystemPassageASuspensionComponentsThesuspensionsystem(Figure7-1)performssixbasicfunctions：

1.Maintaincorrectvehiclerideheight2.Reducetheeffectofshockforces3.Maintaincorrectwheelalignment4.Supportvehicleweight5.Keepthetiresincontactwiththeroad6.Controlthevehicle’sdirectionoftravelSoallthesuspensioncomponentsmustbeingoodworkingcondition.Therearethreefundamentalcomponentsofanysuspension:springs,shockabsorberandanti-swaybar.Figure7-1SuspensionsystemUnit7SuspensionSystemPassageASuspensionComponentsSpringsThespringisaveryimportantcomponentofthesuspensionsystemthatprovidesridecomfort.Thespringsupportstheweightofthecar,maintainsrideheightandabsorbsroadshock.Springisthecompressiblelinkbetweentheframeandthebody.Whenthecarmeetsabumpintheroad,thespringwillabsorbtheloadbycompressing.Therearefourmajorspringdesignsinusetoday:coilspring,leafspring,torsionbar,andairspring,seeFigure7-2.Unit7SuspensionSystemPassageASuspensionComponents(a)CoilSpring(b)LeafSpring(c)TorsionBar(d)AirSpringFigure7-2SpringsUnit7SuspensionSystemPassageASuspensionComponentsCoilSpringThisisthemostcommontypeofspring.Thecoilspringisalengthofroundspringsteelrodthatiswoundintoacoil.Coilspringscompressandexpandtoabsorbthemotionofthewheels.Itrequiresnoadjustmentandforthemostpartistrouble-free.LeafSpringThistypeofspringconsistsofseverallayersofsteelplates(called“leaves”)ofdifferentlengthsstackedtogethertoactasasingleunit.Theleafspringsbendandslideoneachotherallowingsuspensionmovement.Theyarestillusedtodayonmosttrucksandheavy-dutyvehicles.Unit7SuspensionSystemPassageASuspensionComponentsTorsionBarThetorsionbarisastraightorLshapedbarofspringsteel.Oneendofabarisanchoredtothevehicleframe.Theotherendisattachedtoawishbone.Whenthewheelhitsabump,verticalmotionistransferredtothewishboneandthen,throughtheleveringaction,tothetorsionbarprovidingspringaction.AirSpringTheairspringisanothertypeofspringthatisbecomingmorepopularonpassengercars.Theairspringisarubbercylinderfilledwithcompressedair.Apistonattachedtothelowercontrolarmmovesupanddownwiththelowercontrolarm.Thiscausesthecompressedairtoprovidespringaction.Unit7SuspensionSystemPassageASuspensionComponentsShockAbsorberShockabsorberisadevicethatcontrolsunwantedspringmotion,whichisimportantinkeepingthetiresinfirmcontactwiththeroad.Shockabsorberscontrolspringmovementsinbothdirections:whenthespringiscompressedandwhenitisextended.Withoutshockabsorber,thespringwillextendandreleasetheenergywhichmayallowthetirestolosecontactwiththeroad.Ashockabsorberisbasicallyanoilpumpplacedbetweentheframeofthecarandthewheels.Theuppermountoftheshockabsorberconnectstotheframe,whilethelowermountconnectstotheaxle,nearthewheel.Seefigure7-3.Figure7-3ShockAbsorberUnit7SuspensionSystemPassageASuspensionComponentsWhenthecarwheelmeetsabumpintheroadandcausesthespringtocoilanduncoil,theenergyofthespringistransferredtotheshockabsorberthroughtheuppermount,downthroughthepistonrodandintothepiston.Orificesperforatethepistonandallowfluidtoleakthroughasthepistonmovesupanddowninthepressuretube.Becausetheorificesarerelativelytiny,onlyasmallamountoffluid,undergreatpressure,passesthrough.Thisslowsdownthepiston,whichinturnslowsdownthespring.Anti-swayBarAnotherimportantcomponentofasuspensionsystemistheanti-swaybarwhichissimplyametalrodconnectedtobothofthelowercontrolarms,seeFigure7-4.Itsfunctionistoreducetheamountofcarleanwhileturning.Thisdeviceisusedalongwithshockabsorberstogiveamovingcaradditionalstability.Whenthesuspensionatonewheelmovesupanddown,theanti-swaybartransfersthemovementtotheotherwheel.Thiscreatesamorelevelrideandreducesvehiclesway.Figure7-4Anti-swayBarNotes1.Thistypeofspringconsistsofseverallayersofsteelplates(called“leaves”)ofdifferentlengthsstackedtogethertoactasasingleunit.本句为简单句。括号中“leaves”译为“弹簧片”。本句译为：这类弹簧是由几层不同长度的钢板片（称为“弹簧片”）叠加在一起组成的，作为一个单元。2.Withoutshockabsorber,thespringwillextendandreleasetheenergywhichmayallowthetirestolosecontactwiththeroad.全句为限定性定语从句。本句中的which修饰先行词theenergy。Without短语部分提前，是一种强调。本句可译为：没有减振器，弹簧就会伸张，释放能量，可能会使轮胎脱离与路面的接触。Unit7SuspensionSystemNewWordsalignment[ə'lainmənt]n.定位tire['taiə]n.轮胎fundamental[fʌndə'mentl]a.基本的，根本的shock[ʃɔk]n.震动，冲击compressible[kəm'presəbl]a.可压缩的link[liŋk]n.联结，构件，链接frame[freim]n.框，结构，车架bump[bʌmp]n.颠簸 load[ləud]n.负荷,载荷，装载量expand[iks'pænd]v.使……膨胀，扩张adjustment[ə'dʌstmənt]n.调整trouble-free[trʌblfri:]无故障的（不发生事故的）layer['leiə]n.层Unit7SuspensionSystemNewWordsplate[pleit]n.金属板，板材stack[stæk]v.堆积，堆叠bend[bend]v.弯曲anchor['æŋkə]v.固定wishbone['wiʃbəun]n.叉形臂，双叉臂dampen[ˈdæmpən]v.减振,抑制extend[iks'tend]v.扩充，延伸，伸展bounce[bauns]n.跳，反跃，弹力v.弹跳，使……跳orifice['ɔrifis]n.孔口，节流孔perforate['pə:fəreit]v.穿孔，凿孔，打孔stability[stə'biliti]n.稳定性，安定性，稳定度sway[swei]n.摇，摇摆

Unit7SuspensionSystemPhrasesandExpressionssuspensionsystem悬架系统rideheight装载高度，悬架装载高度shockabsorber减震器，减振器，缓冲装置anti-swaybar横向稳定杆ridecomfort行驶舒适verticalmotion垂直运动，竖向振动coilspring螺旋弹簧leafspring钢板弹簧torsionbar扭力杆，扭杆弹簧airspring