汽车维修常用专业英文词汇汇编

汽车维修常用专业英文词汇汇编在汽车维修领域，无论是查阅进口维修手册、与国际同行交流，还是理解诊断设备的英文界面，掌握一定量的专业英文词汇都至关重要。本汇编旨在整理汽车维修工作中最常接触到的英文术语，按系统和功能分类，希望能为各位同行提供一份实用的参考资料。一、发动机系统(EngineSystem)发动机作为汽车的“心脏”，其相关术语繁多且基础。1.1基本术语(BasicTerms)*Engine:发动机*CylinderBlock:气缸体*CylinderHead:气缸盖*Piston:活塞*ConnectingRod:连杆*Crankshaft:曲轴*Camshaft:凸轮轴*Valve:气门(IntakeValve:进气门,ExhaustValve:排气门)*SparkPlug:火花塞(汽油发动机常用)*FuelInjector:喷油嘴*PistonRing:活塞环*Crankcase:曲轴箱*FuelSystem:燃油系统*IgnitionSystem:点火系统*LubricationSystem:润滑系统*CoolingSystem:冷却系统*IntakeSystem:进气系统*ExhaustSystem:排气系统*EngineManagementSystem(EMS):发动机管理系统*FuelFilter:燃油滤清器*OilFilter:机油滤清器*Radiator:散热器*WaterPump:水泵*OilPump:机油泵*Gasket:垫片(HeadGasket:气缸盖垫片)*Turbocharger/Supercharger:涡轮增压器/机械增压器*IdleSpeed:怠速*RevolutionPerMinute(RPM):每分钟转速二、底盘系统(ChassisSystem)底盘是汽车的基础，承载发动机和车身，传递动力并保证行驶。*Transmission:变速器(ManualTransmission-MT:手动变速器,AutomaticTransmission-AT:自动变速器,ContinuouslyVariableTransmission-CVT:无级变速器,DualClutchTransmission-DCT:双离合变速器)*Clutch:离合器*Gear:齿轮(Gearbox:变速箱)*DriveShaft:驱动轴*Differential:差速器*Axle:车桥(DriveAxle:驱动桥,RearAxle:后桥)2.2悬挂与转向系统(Suspension&SteeringSystem)*Suspension:悬挂*ShockAbsorber:减震器*Strut:支柱(MacPhersonStrut:麦弗逊式支柱)*Spring:弹簧(CoilSpring:螺旋弹簧)*ControlArm:控制臂*BallJoint:球头节*StabilizerBar/SwayBar:稳定杆/防倾杆*SteeringWheel:方向盘*SteeringGear/Rack:转向机/转向齿条*PowerSteering:动力转向(HydraulicPowerSteering-HPS:液压动力转向,ElectricPowerSteering-EPS:电动助力转向)*TieRod:横拉杆2.3制动系统(BrakeSystem)*Brake:制动器/刹车*BrakeDisc/Rotor:制动盘*BrakePad:制动片*BrakeDrum:制动鼓*BrakeShoe:制动蹄*BrakeFluid:制动液*MasterCylinder:制动总泵*BrakeCaliper:制动卡钳*ABS(Anti-lockBrakingSystem):防抱死制动系统*BrakeLine/Hose:制动管路/软管三、电气系统(ElectricalSystem)现代汽车的电气系统日益复杂，控制着车辆的诸多功能。*Battery:蓄电池/电瓶*Alternator:发电机*Starter/StarterMotor:起动机*Fuse:保险丝*Relay:继电器*WiringHarness:线束*Sensor:传感器(OxygenSensor-O2Sensor:氧传感器,CrankshaftPositionSensor-CKP:曲轴位置传感器,CamshaftPositionSensor-CMP:凸轮轴位置传感器,ThrottlePositionSensor-TPS:节气门位置传感器,TemperatureSensor:温度传感器)*Actuator:执行器*ECU/ECM(ElectronicControlUnit/Module):电子控制单元/模块(EngineControlUnit-ECU:发动机控制单元)*WiringDiagram:电路图*Ground:搭铁/接地*Voltage(V):电压,Current(A):电流,Resistance(Ω):电阻四、车身与内饰(Body&Interior)车身是驾驶员的工作场所和乘客的乘坐空间。*BodyShell:车身壳体*Bonnet/Hood:发动机盖*Boot/Trunk:行李箱*DoorPanel:车门内饰板*Bumper:保险杠*Fender/Wing:翼子板*Windshield/Windscreen:前挡风玻璃*Wiper:雨刮器(WiperBlade:雨刮片)*Mirror:后视镜(RearviewMirror:内后视镜,SideMirror:外后视镜)*Seat:座椅(SeatBelt:安全带)*Dashboard/InstrumentPanel:仪表板*Gauge:仪表(Speedometer:车速表,Tachometer:转速表,FuelGauge:燃油表,TemperatureGauge:水温表)掌握这些动词有助于理解维修步骤和指令。*Inspect:检查,视察*Diagnose:诊断*Replace:更换*Remove:拆卸,移除*Install:安装*Clean:清洁*Adjust:调整*Tighten:紧固,拧紧*Loosen:松开*Test:测试*Calibrate:校准*Dismantle/Disassemble:分解,拆卸*Assemble:组装*Lubricate:润滑*Flush:冲洗(如FlushCoolingSystem:冲洗冷却系统)*Bleed:放气(如BleedBrakes:给刹车放气)*TopUp:补充(如TopUpOil:补充机油)六、工具与设备(Tools&Equipment)了解常用工具名称，便于识别和使用。*Wrench/Spanner:扳手(SocketWrench:套筒扳手,AdjustableWrench:活动扳手,TorqueWrench:扭矩扳手)*Screwdriver:螺丝刀(FlatheadScrewdriver:一字螺丝刀,PhillipsScrewdriver:十字螺丝刀)*Pliers:钳子(Needle-nosePliers:尖嘴钳,Side-cuttingPliers:斜口钳)*Hammer:锤子*Jack:千斤顶*Lift:举升机*ScanTool/CodeReader:诊断仪/读码器*Multimeter:万用表*PressureGauge:压力表*SocketSet:套筒组*AllenKey/HexKey:内六角扳手七、故障与问题(Faults&Problems)描述和理解故障是维修的起点。*Fault/Defect:故障,缺陷*Problem/Issue:问题*Malfunction:失灵,故障*Breakdown:抛锚,故障*Leak:泄漏(OilLeak:漏油,CoolantLeak:冷却液泄漏)*Noise:噪音(AbnormalNoise:异响)*Vibration:振动*Overheat:过热*Worn(out